Sustainable Technnology & Climate Change M.P. Singh

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems
CLIMATE CHANGE
PROOFING,ADAPTATION, REDUCING RISK
&
MITIGATION
Through
Positive Interventions
Clean Technology Exposition

16th-18th March, 2016
M.P. Singh
B. Tech.(Civil); M.I.E. (Mech.)
Email:earthizenz@gmail.com
Phone +919815897053
Sustainable Development
(SD)
Sustainable Development is, Development

that
"meets the needs of the present
generation,
without compromising the ability
of future generations, to meet their own
needs"
Brundtland Report (1987).
Sustainability is reached in an
environmentally,

Three
Pillars of
Sustainable
Development
Social
Bearable
Environment
Eqitable
Sustainable
Viable
Economic
Environment: Climate
Change
Over the years the world has

experienced a phenomenon called
Global Warming.
This has been attributed to Green
House Gas Emission
A few GHGs have been identified and
their Global Warming Potential have
been assigned a value.
Carbon
Carbon is the Centre point of all life
on this planet: Flora, Fauna, trees,
plants, we the Humans, every body:
All Micro organisms; every single
living body.
Carbon is also the centre point of
most sources of energy.
Carbon stays buried as an element
and after centuries, is converted into
fossil fuel.
Carbon stock in the earth is precious.
5
Why so much noise

about Carbon?
All Green House Gas emissions are
measured in terms of Tonnes of Carbon
Dioxide Equivalent tCO2.
The reverse of emission is Carbon
Sequestration.
Meaning Carbon being taken back into
the earth
In 2005 Clean Development Mechanism
was implemented through the UNFCC*
under the Kyoto Protocol. Countries like
6
Relevant Green House

Gases
Emitted By:
All kinds of burning: garbage, leaveas, Brick Kilns
Carbon Dioxide
Global Warming Potential
1*
Emitted By:
Wastewater, Piles of Solid Waste, Anaerobic Manuring of
dung, dirty ponds, irrigation practice of flooding paddy
fields
Methane
21*
Emitted By:
Wastewater, dirty ponds receiving untreated sewage,
Excessive use of N-fertilizer, Brick Kilns
Nitrous Oxide
* tCO e
2
310*
*Tonnes Carbon dioxide equivalent
IPCC Reports
Starting 1988, when the First

Assessment Report of IPCC* was
released, there have been four more.
The fifth one coming in 2014.
Initially Emission Reduction was
considered enough to neutralize
Climate Change.
Now we are talking of Mitigation,
Adaptation, Risk Assessment and
Climate Change Proofing
8
GHG
emissions
growth
Earthizenz
Eco Friendly
Systems between 2000 and 2010
has been larger than in the previous three
decades.
Based on Figure
SPM.1
Courtesy IPCC AR5
Without
additional
mitigation, global mean
Earthizenz
Eco Friendly Systems
surface temperature is projected to increase
by 3.7 to 4.8C over the 21st century.
Based on WGII AR5

Figure 19.4
Courtesy IPCC AR5
10
What to do?
1. Work towards using new and renewable

energy.
2. Conserve Energy e.g. make energy
Conserving buildings, use materials and
things that have not dented the carbon
stock.
3. Manage our waste: Waste is a big
source of GHG Emission.
4. Avoid using Energy for Waste
Management
5. Instead, generate energy from waste
6. Sequester Carbon Do our bit to replace
11
the carbon we have used.
Examples of Personal
Intervention
1. Energy Conserving House

2. REDUCING RISK through Vetiver
Technology
12
Chandigah
Bhaskar
20, September, 2009
13
Energy Conserving
House
Double glazed Fenestration ,
is used to advantage,
depending on the season and
time of the day.
In summers early morning
ventilation and light is used.
In winters Morning and
afternoon sun heat is trapped
Not a single Burnt Clay

Brick used in the walls. Self
Manufactured Interlocking
flyash filled blocks have
been used
Double glazed Fenestration
used. One glass is tainted
according to the climate of
this region
Boundary wall and inner
partitions in the basement are
of stabilized soil Compressed
interlocking blocks made with
the soil from the basement
itself.
Outer walls are further
insulated with Cellular
Lightweight Concrete
Blocks
14

Cellular lightweight foam
concrete has been used on
top of slabs. The density is
1000 Kg/m3
Presentation at PUDA on
17/10/07
All inner partitions are

made of Cellular Light
Weight Concrete, made at
site with German Neopar
equipment
16
The first
blocks
How they
interlock
horizontally
and vertically
Cellular Light Weight

Concrete
The inside portion of the outer wall

is lined with the same light weight
blocks, for added insulation.
All inner walls are made from
Cellular Light Weight Concrete
blocks, made at site. These blocks
have a density of 1. The density of
water.
The roofs are all filled with this

lightweight foamed concrete.
18
CLC Blocks being cured
19
FAL G Blocks
20
Encouragement of Inter locking

Blocks for walls
Saving in
Mortar
Labour
Supporting
Structure
Labour
Time
Energy
Zero GHG Emission
Interlocking blocks
Materials can be:
Concrete
Fly ash based
Earth stabilized
Can also be cast at site
Can be made of cement-fly ash-coarse
sand mix also
40% less water absorbant
Lesser Mortar required
No Plaster necessary on Faade
Encouragement for use of

Hollow Blocks
Saving in
Labour
Supporting
Structure
Time
Energy during manufacture
Energy over lifetime of Building
Zero GHG Emission
Building with CLC

This picture
shows cast in
situ dwellings @
one dwelling/
Day with CLC &
RCLC

Embodied Energy Value break up for SEB (Stabilized
Earth Interlocking Blocks using Hydraform
Technology)
Raw Material
%age
Weight (Kg)
EEV (MJ)
Soil
62%
19096
C. Sand/St. Dust
30%
9240
Cement
8%
2464
16509
Total
100%
30800
16509
Power: 18.5kwh x
8 hr x3.64 MJ
539
Total EEV/day
production
17048
EEV per Block

Size:
230x220x115
6.09
Deepak Bansal Assistant. Chief (Projects), Design and Development Wing, HUDCO, Delhi
Pooja Nandy, Senior Project Appraisal Officer (Architect), Design and Dev. Wing, HUDCO
25
EEV break up for Fly Ash interlocking block

using Hydraform technology
Raw Material
%age
Weight (Kg)
EEV (MJ)
Fly Ash
65%
17290
C. Sand/St. Dust
27%
7182
Cement
8%
2128
14258
Total
100%
26600
14258
Power: 18.5kwh x
8 hr x3.64 MJ
539
Total EEV/day
production
14796
EEV per Block

Size:
230x220x115
5.28
26

Comparative Chart for Embodied Energy Value (EEV) & Compressive Strength
for Different Building Materials
Building
Mat.
Size (cm)
Weig
ht
Densit
y
EEV(Blo
ck)
EEV/Kg
Kg.
Kg/Cu m
MJ
MJ
Burnt Brick
22.9x11.4x7.6
2.75
1386
4.5
1.64
Solid Conc.
block
30x20x15
21.6
2400
10.4
0.41
Hollow Conc.
Block
40x20x20
26.88
1680
11
0.60
CLC Block
40x20x20
20
1000
11.5
0.48
CLC Block
40x20x10
10
1000
5.75
0.48
HF
Interlocking
Flyash Block
23x22x11.5
9.5
1633
5.28
0.56
HF Stabilized
Earth Blocks
23x22x11.5
11
1890
6.09
0.55
Fal G Blocks
30*20*15
18
2000
7.9
27
0.44
Computation of EEV in a Single Storied Cost effective house

with following masonry option
Bricks English Bond: EEV (MJ) of Building per Sq.m. of Plinth
Area
28
HF SEB BLOCKS EEV (MJ) of Building Per Sqm of Plinth

Area
29% less than brick
29
HF Fly ash BLOCKS EEV (MJ) of Building Per

Sqm of Plinth Area
32% Less Than Brick House
30
Hollow Concrete BLOCKS EEV (MJ) of Building

Per Sqm of Plinth Area
31
Fal G BLOCKS EEV (MJ) of Building Per Sqm of

Plinth Area
32
Solid Conc. BLOCKS EEV (MJ) of Building Per

Sqm of Plinth Area
33
CLC/AAC BLOCKS EEV (MJ) of Building Per Sqm of Plinth

Area
34
Comparative chart for EEV with Different Masonry Option

for a Single Storied
House Per Sqm of Plinth Area
Pooja Nandy, Senior Project Appraisal Officer (Architect), Design and Dev. Wing, HUDCO 35
Case no.
CasesEco Friendly Systems
Earthizenz
Figures
in parentheses
Demand
(kWh/m2
)
show % Reduction
Delhi
Annual cooling/heating Energy
Jodhpur Bombay Bangalore

(CO) (HD) (WH)(MO) (CC) (CS)
1 Base case
Simla*
Leh*
440.82 (-) 485.46(-) 489.39 (-) 178.46 (-) 119.86
(-) 674.29(-)
2
1 + double glazed
617.75
windows
431.43 469.43 480.64 183.07 104.96
(2.1)
3
4
5
6
8
9
(3.3)
(1.8)
(2.6)
(12.4) (8.4)
1+ cavity roof
392.68 442.18 435.43 150.43 109.71 635.43
(10.9) (8.9)
(11.0) (15.7) (8.5)
(5.8)
3 + cavity walls
326.39 376.61 363.71 124.96 96.79
566.79
(26.0) (22.4) (25.7) (30.0) (19.2) (15.9)
1 + roof insulation
310.46 370.00 339.75 104.32 98.61
579.64
(29.6) (23.8) (30.6) (41.5) (17.7) (14.0)
1 + cavity walls +roof insulation 244.82 304.96 268.07 79.64
86.61
515.32
(44.5) (37.2) (45.2) (55.4) (27.7) (23.6)
Case 1 but window in North
432.36 473.54 478.89 172.11 137.39
686.89
(1.9)
(2.5)
(2.1)
(3.6)
(-14.6) (-1.9)
Case I but ach = 3
452.7
516.21 499.71 179.04 131.14 720.11
(-2.7)
(-6.3)
(-2.1)
(-0.3)
(-9.4)
(-6.8)
Source:
Energy conservation
36153.04
1 + insulation: walls & roof
398.54 145.71 204.57
51.39in 60.96
Buildings, Ind Building Congress
Water is made to go
to the bottom of
every chamber. The
sludge at the bottom
gets activated.
Air pipes running

across partitions
37
These tees ensure that the

lightweight fatty stuff
remains in the chamber and
does not travel to the next
chamber
38
Final exit point of

effluent. Goes to the
boundary wall and
through and under it.
Final Air Vent
39
Whole clumps brought

from the nursery and
planted in the gravel.
Entry point of effluent.
Passes through large stone
and a very course wire
netting and trickles into the
bio filter bed
40
Root zone treatment given

here. This bed will be
broadened after the house
is passed by the urban
authority
Treated water re-enters

the house into an under
ground storage tank. A
solar pump will pump
this water to an over
head tank for usage in
gardening and also
feeding a fountain for
41
final aeration and
The original channel was a

straight gravel bed with
about 2% slope, no cells
Another channel with no

slopes, but four cells
provided. Water rises in each
cell upto about 8 and goes
to the next cell
42
43

Water collected in an
underground water
tank and pumped up
in an overhead tank as
per need.
Constructed Wetland
now
45
Domestic Kitchen Waste to

Methane
RECYCLED PLASTIC
LUMBER
FROM MIXED PLASTIC
WASTE
47
Wood Plastic Composite
Made by me in 1990, using

worst plastic waste and
Paper
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
BMPTC recommended
Materials
58
59
Integrated Construction
Demolition Plant
60
Mobile Construction
Demolition Plant
61
Sand beneficiation Plant
62
Sand beneficiation Plant

This consists of a washing line segregating
+ 6 mm and -6mm feed material from the
feed mix
Sand line producing sands for ready mixed
concrete by processing the washed -6mm
generated from the washing line by
removing silt and clay
A water treatment line purifying slurry
included waste water generated from the
sand line for reuse.
A sludge withdrawal and recycled63 water
64
The Structures rise from the Sand
Cliffs.
The Roofs are Stainless Steel, facing

the South and
Reflecting Light Towards the

Temple
Theyre built in concrete and
Sandstone
ie
d
f
e
S
e on
h
s isi
o
V
M
e
h
t
d
a
o
r
o
l
o
e
t
t
F
n
a
i
To lley
W
f
o
a
s
V ie
s
r
n
e
e
S
d
r
Ga
es d,
i
d
ef lise
S
h e r ea :
s
o en ng
M
e t hi
f
b
o
st has one
o
M ion for
vis ept
c
ex
te
a
W
d
r
a
G
r
s
n
e
Th
e
Sa Catchm
se
en
nd n d
tA
ing
re
ton Cl
aa
i
ne ff
s nd t
s
The only way forward was
Bio Engineering
Through different apps of the
Vetiver System
of
s
ilt
ar
he
Carbon Positive Bio

Engineering Solutions
67
Close up view of
Vetiver Rows on
top of batter

Close up view of
Vetiver Rows on
top of batter
THE VETIVER SYSTEM

The Plant
(Vetiveria Zizanioides)
70
THE ROOT
Excavated root.
Average tensile
root strength 75
Mpa
Longitudinal section through hedge

profile This type of root mass will
improve soil shear strength by up

to 39%
71
Can go upto 3 meters deep

DIAMETERS &TENSILE STRENGTHS OF SOME ROOTS OF GRASSES
Hengchaovanich and Nilaweera

(1996)
72

VSEarthizenz
Technology
Contd
The leaves and stems of the

vetiver plant slow the siltloaded runoff at A
This cross-sectional view

of vetiver shows a vegetative
contour hedge at work.
Reduced Velocity causes it to

deposit the silt behind the plant at
B
while the water continues
down the slope at C at a much
slower pace.
The Plants spongy root system,

pictured at D, binds the soil beneath
the plant to a depth of up to 3
meters.
forming a dense underground curtain
that follows the contour of the land,
the roots prevent rilling, gullying,
and tunneling.
73
VS Technology Contd
Water Conservation
and natural water
harvesting, without
physical intervention.
This increases the
ground water level
Back water
retained
Run off water

Percolating water,
recharging the
ground
Percolating along dense

root (3m Deep Roots)
In-Situ moisture
conservation and its
storage
Les
s
out Mome
flow
ntu
m
74
THE VETIVER GRASS TECHNOLOGY

CONTD
Deposited and
conserved
valuable Soil
Cross Section of the

same Hedgerow
75

Computor
Simulation of water recharge
paper can be viewed at:
by Whole
Vetiver
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3E8MMCy36wZNmMxYzZkZWItZGM4YS00MzM0LWE3MDQtOTBiZmE2Yjc4NmFl/ed
it?usp=sharing
76
Earthizenz
EcoInitiator
Friendly Systems
Vetiver
System:
of AR Projects
Collection of runoff in the contour ditches has the effect of doubling or
tripling the amount of effective rainfall.
Trees planted by this method need no irrigation in the first three years of
establishment.
The vetiver grass lines stabilize the whole system.
77
Vetiver System: mulch for the trees

After the vetiver hedges are properly established, the farmer can cut down the vetiver grass
to ground level when the dry season sets in and use its leaves as mulch at the base of the
fruit trees to help retain stored moisture.
The advantage of using vetiver for this purpose is that
Its leaves harbor few insects.
and last well as mulch.
Vetiver hedges also protect the young plants in the hot summer months by
providing some indirect shade
in the colder winter months the hedges act as windbreaks.
78
Vetiver System: failure of civil structures
In the Himalayan highlands terraces

are frequently washed out by
concentrated flows of run-off water.
79
Earthizenz
Eco Friendly
Systems stone risers and fields
Vetiver
System:
Guarding
The vetiver root system

stabilizes the entire rock face of
the vulnerable masonry risers.
without interfering with the essential drainage
between the stones.
Water recharge into the hill.

More effective and enduring.
Lasts the whole year
80
Vetiver hedges can stabilize multi-gullied wasteland areas

The use of vetiver grass in wasteland
development has proven effective as the
initial stabilizing plant.
When planted as contour hedges across
wasteland areas - the first stage in
stabilization it reaps the benefits of
surplus runoff and harvests organic matter
as it filters the runoff water through its
The
improved micro-environment of
hedges.
improved soil moisture allows for the
natural generation of native species
between the vetiver hedgerows.
The use of vetiver grass is in most
instances an excellent alternative to an
engineered structure as a measure to
control complex multi-gullied land areas.
The addition of a masonry plug at the end
of the system allows silt to build up and
gives the grass a basis of establishment.
This will ultimately
be filled with silt
and level out.
81
EarthizenzSystem:
Vetiver
Protecting Infrastructure
82
Silt coming in from point

B
Erosion under the

Aqueduct
Vetiver Hedgerows solve
both the problems
83
Carbon Sequestriation
1 Megagram= 1
tonne
None of the specis

are anywhere near
84
Carbon Sequestration
1 Megagram= 1
tonne
This is an expected value from

an AR Project (Hooda & Rawat,
2004)
This is the value

after one year,
does not include
the massive
stock that is for
ever embedded
Source: . A Strategy for Sustainable Carbon Sequestration
in theusing
soilVetiver
(Vetiveria zizanioides (L.)): A Quantitative Assessment over India

A Project Document under the CSIR Network Project, Integrated Analysis for Impact,
Mitigation and Sustainability (IAIMS), July 2011
85
Carbon Sequestration
As a broad estimate, utilization of about 10 m ha of degraded

soil in India could potentially sequester up to 46% of total
carbon emission by India (in 2009). While the sequestration in
practice is naturally likely to be much less, it is still expected to
be significant.
86
Nutritonal Value of Vetiver as Fodder
87
A 2007 Google Earth image of farmland in Fiji that John Greenfield

planted with vetiver hedgerows in the 1950s. The hedgerows are still
there (red arrows) after 57 years.
88
Applications of VS in the Kandi

Area
to prove the claims,
through Practical Intervention
Vetiver application for

Revegitation & Reforestation
at Anandpur Sahib, Punjab
(Hillock Slopes)
Before
&
After
90
BEFORE
Thi
s
soi hill h
l sa
a
ver s
on
This Swale
receives silt
it
Road Batter
Freshly planted
vetiver hedgerow
91
AFTER
The hill with the

soil saver
cted
e
t
o
r
p
is
le
The swa
ceive
e
r
t
o
n
s
e
o
and d
the hill.
m
o
r
f
t
il
s
y
an
Road Batter
92
BEFORE
93
AFTER
94
BEFORE
Notice the bare
hill.
Various methods
have been tried for
several years
95

Local Species have
already started
coming.
AFTER
96
BEFORE
97
Earthizenz
Eco Friendly
Local Species
have Systems
already started
coming. Soon they
will take over and the
HERO would perish
AFTER
98

Prevention of Soil Erosion & its
Migration
Before
&
After
99
BEFORE
SOIL ERODED FROM

THE CLIFFS SPREADS
ON THE ROADS
100
ZERO SOIL
MIGRATION DESPITE
RECORD RAIN
101

Steep Filled up Slope Stabilisation
(Road Batter)
Before
&
After
102
BEFORE
103
Earthizenz Eco AFTER

Friendly Systems
Vetiver has stabilized

the entire slope
AFTER
104

AFTER
Vetiver has
retained
moisture within
the slope enabling
other vegetation to
grow.
105

Silt Control in water body
(Planting in the Catchment Area and
handling gullies and rain cuts)
Silt Before
and
Silt After
106

Location V
Rain Cuts & Gullies
This is a hillock of Debris
107
Water Body
Location V
(Behind Drop off)
Gully/ Rain Cut
Area Z
108
Average 5 rows running across reshaped

slopes.
ous
r
o
p
l
as
a
d
o
i
o
w
pez e or t
a
r
T
n
l o need
l
a
w
ite
s
r
pe
Total rows per raincut ( average) =5+5=10

Total length of rows/raincut = 10X25=250m
Total length/ raincut
in addition to the
rows running across
hill= 250+50=
300mtrs
Vetiver rows running

across hill, already
accounted for
Assume 5 additional rows at the bottom of

the cannel, total lenfth=5X10=50m/ raincut
109
Courtesy: Dr. Paul

Truong
he
t
t
a
th cal nly
te rti s o g
o
N ve l i b a
va n d
r
a
.
te
in ne s hick
t
o
110
Earthizenz Eco Friendly

Systems
SILT IN
OCT
2009
111
Polythene liner is
Visible
SILT IN 2010
Catchment Area
Protected with
Vetiver
112
Polythene liner is
Visible
SILT In 2010
113
Our Intervention: Clumps of Vetver strategically

114
Planted in the rain to Prevent Silt Carried by the
The Silt was reduced by 99% at the end

of the
115
same monsoon as planting

Sustainable Technnology &amp; Climate Change M.P. Singh

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Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Clean Technology Exposition

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Sustainable Development is, Development

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Over the years the world has

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Why so much noise

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Relevant Green House

*Tonnes Carbon dioxide equivalent

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Starting 1988, when the First

Courtesy IPCC AR5

Based on WGII AR5

Courtesy IPCC AR5

1. Work towards using new and renewable

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

1. Energy Conserving House

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

20, September, 2009

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Not a single Burnt Clay

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

All inner partitions are

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Cellular Light Weight

The inside portion of the outer wall

The roofs are all filled with this

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

CLC Blocks being cured

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Encouragement of Inter locking

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Encouragement for use of

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Building with CLC

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

EEV per Block

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

EEV break up for Fly Ash interlocking block

EEV per Block

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Computation of EEV in a Single Storied Cost effective house

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

HF SEB BLOCKS EEV (MJ) of Building Per Sqm of Plinth

29% less than brick

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

HF Fly ash BLOCKS EEV (MJ) of Building Per

32% Less Than Brick House

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Hollow Concrete BLOCKS EEV (MJ) of Building

38% Less Than Brick House

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Fal G BLOCKS EEV (MJ) of Building Per Sqm of

34% Less Than Brick House

Earthizenz Eco Friendly Systems

Solid Conc. BLOCKS EEV (MJ) of Building Per

Sustainable Technnology & Climate Change M.P. Singh

Sustainable Technnology & Climate Change M.P. Singh