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PHYSIOLOGY
TRIFENA PRISCA MOSSE. S.FARM, Apt
What is anatomy?
What is Anatomy?
Anatomy is the study of the EXTERNAL and INTERNAL
physical structures of a living organism and how these
structures interact with one another. The Greek origin of the
word anatomy means "to cut apart."
Subdivisions of anatomy
A. Gross anatomy focuses on the study of large organs, such as
the heart, kidneys,
or brain.
1.
Regional anatomy is the study of the structures found in one
area of the body (i.e. the arm, head, leg).
2.
Systemic anatomy is the study of the body by organ system,
like the
3. respiratory or reproductive system.
4.
Developmental anatomy focuses on the way the body
changes structurally from birth to old age.
B. Microscopic anatomy is the study of body structures that can
only be seen by the aid of a microscope.
1. Cytology is the study of the cell.
2. Histology is the study of the tissues of the body.
What is physiology?
What is Physiology?
Physiology is the study of the functions and
interactions of the components of a living
organism.
Subdivisions of Physiology
Cell physiology involves the functions and processes that take
place at the cellular and molecular level.
Specialized physiology focuses on the functions of specific
organs of the body.
Systemic physiology looks at the function of the individual
body systems.
Pathological physiology deals with the function of the body as
it is affected by disease.
Levels of Organization
A. At the molecular level, atoms combine to form molecules.
B. At the cellular level, molecules act together to form organelles,
which in turn form cells.
C. At the tissue level, groups of cells combine to form a specific
function.
D. At the organ level, tissues that are bound together with connective
tissue provide a specific function for the body.
E. At the system level, a group of organs works to provide a specific
function.
Metode regulasi
A. Auto regulation is the change within the immediate cell
or tissue that needs to adapt to the new environment.
B. Extrinsic regulation occurs when the nervous system or
endocrine system controls the various systems of the body.
Body Cavities
Organ vital diapit oleh rongga tubuh. Rongga ini memiliki dua tujuan utama.
Pertama, rongga melindungi organ seperti otak, sumsum tulang belakang, dan
jantung dari guncangan normal dan goncangan yang terjadi pada tubuh
manusia setiap hari. Kedua, rongga memungkinkan untuk perubahan organ
yang proses alami dari fungsi organ. Ada rongga tubuh utama, rongga tubuh
dorsal dan rongga tubuh ventral.
Rongga tubuh dorsal mengelilingi dan melindungi otak dan sumsum tulang
belakang dengan tulang dan cairan.
Rongga tengkorak rumah otak, dan rongga tulang belakang merumahkan
sumsum tulang belakang.
Rongga tubuh ventral, juga dikenal sebagai coelem itu, membungkus semua
organ pada kardiovaskular, pernapasan, pencernaan, reproduksi, dan urine
sistem.
Diafragma memisahkan rongga tubuh ventral menjadi dua rongga kecil,
Yaitu rongga Thoracic dan rongga abdominopelvic.
Thoracic Cavity
1.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
1. The abdominal cavity (the upper portion of
the abdominopelvic cavity) contains the liver,
stomach, spleen, small intestine, and much of
the large intestine.
2. The pelvic cavity (the lower portion of the
abdominopelvic cavity) contains the
remaining large intestine, the urinary system,
and the reproductive systems of males and
females
CHEMICAL BONDING
IKATAN KIMIA
A.
REAKSI KIMIAWI
A.OKSIDASI
B. REDUKSI
C. REAKSI PERTUKARAN
D. REAKSI REVERSIBLE
E. ENZIM
MEMBRAN
TRANSPORT
CELL
The cell is the smallest unit of the living organism (Wilhelm
Roux), i.e., the cell (and not any smaller entity) is in a position
to fulfill the basic functions of the organism, namely
metabolism, movement, reproduction and inheritance.
Permeabilitas Membran
Permeabilitas membran sel mengontrol bahan masuk ke dan keluar dari
sel.. Di sana empat cara utama bahwa bahan-bahan melintasi membran
selektif permeabel yaitu:
A.
Difusi adalah bentuk pasif dari transportasi vesikuler, yang berarti tidak
memerlukan energi. Di difusi, bahan yang lewat dengan bebas melintasi
membran akan melewati gradien konsentrasi. Tujuan dari difusi adalah
untuk mencapai keseimbangan. Contoh: Karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan
oleh sel-sel akan lewat dengan bebas ke dalam aliran darah karena ada
konsentrasi tinggi karbon dioksida di dalam sel daripada di aliran darah.
B.
Cont...
C. Transpor Carrier-dimediasi
permease
melibatkan protein terpisahkan khusus dalam membran.
Bentuk transportasi ini pasif atau aktif. Natrium kalium
pompa adalah contoh aktif carrier-dimediasi transportasi.
D. Transpor Vesikular