Municipal solid waste

disposal

BY
SARVESH PRATAP MALL
11307001,MTech(CGET)
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Introduction

Municipal solid waste commonly known as trace

or garbage as non liquid and non soluble. It
predominantly includes food wastes, yard wastes,
containers and product packaging, and other
miscellaneous inorganic wastes from residential,
commercial, institutional, and industrial sources.

Disposal referred to the different treatments

which are given to the waste for avoiding
environmental & health hazards and reducing the
size of waste.
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Introduction

Disposal is the most important element as it

includes planning, administrative set up, finance,
technology supports. The crucial aspect of this
stage is the selection of proper disposal technology,
quantity of MSW generated & type of waste to be
disposed.
The key problems of municipal solid waste include
mixing of waste
collection and storage of waste
transportation of waste
indiscriminate burning of waste
illegal disposal of waste
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Methods of disposal

Landfilling
Open dump landfill
Sanitary landfill
Secure landfill
Bioreactor landfill

Incineration
Recycling
Biological reprocessing
Energy recovery

Landfill
The

term landfill is operating unit for final disposal of

municipal solid waste on land.
Disposing of waste in a landfill involves burying the
waste.
A properly designed and well-managed landfill can be a
hygienic and relatively inexpensive method of disposing
of waste materials.
Design characteristics of a modern landfill include
methods to contain leachate such as clay or plastic
lining material.
So now a days advanced techniques are being
implemented to minimal harm to the Environment these
are known as secured landfill or engineered landfill
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Advancement
Deposited waste is normally compacted to

increase its density and stability, and covered to

prevent attracting vermin(such as mice or rats).
Many landfills also have landfill gas extraction
systems installed to extract the landfill gas. Gas
is pumped out of the landfill using perforated
pipes and flared off or burnt in a gas engine to
generate electricity.

Disadvantages

Older, poorly designed or poorly managed landfills can

create a number of adverse environmental impacts
such as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin, and
generation of liquid leachate.
Another common byproduct of landfills is gas (mostly
composed of methane and carbon dioxide), which is
produced as organic waste breaks down anaerobically.
This gas can create odour problems, kill surface
vegetation, and is a greenhouse gas.
Leachates includes: Heavy Metals (Pb, Cr, Cd),Soluble
Salts (Chloride, Nitrate, Sulfate),Organic Compounds

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Incineration

Thermal treatment or Incineration is a disposal

method in which solid organic wastes are subjected to
combustion so it convert them into residue and gas,
heat, steam and ash.
Generally do not require as much area as landfills.
It is used to dispose of solid, liquid and gaseous waste.
This method is useful for disposal of residue of both
solid waste management and solid residue from waste
water management.
This process reduces the volumes of solid waste to 20
to 30 percent of the original volume.
Incineration is carried out both on a small scale by
individuals and on a large scale by industry.
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Problems

Combustion in an incinerator is not always

perfect and there have been concerns about
pollutants in gaseous emissions from incinerator
stacks.
Particular concern has focused on some very
persistent organics such as dioxins, furans, PAHs
which may be created which may have serious
environmental consequences.

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Recycling

The materials from which the items are made can

be reprocessed into new products.
Recycling refers to the collection and reuse of
waste materials such as empty beverage
containers.
The most common consumer products recycled
include aluminum such as beverage cans, copper
such as wire, steel food and aerosol cans, old
steel furnishings or equipment , polyethylene and
PET bottles, PVC, LDPE, PP, glass bottles and jars,
paperboard cartons, newspapers, magazines and
light paper, and corrugated fiber board boxes .
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Problems

Material for recycling may be collected

separately from general waste using dedicated
bins and collection vehicles, or sorted directly
from mixed waste streams.
The recycling of complex products (such as
computers and electronic equipment) is more
difficult, due to the additional dismantling and
separation required.
The type of recycling material accepted varies by
city and country. Each city and country has
different recycling programs in place that can
handle the various types of recyclable materials.
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Biological reprocessing

Waste materials that are organic in nature, such

as plant material, food scraps, and paper
products, can be recycled by this process.
biological composting and digestion processes
are used to decompose the organic matter.
The intention of biological processing in waste
management is to control and accelerate the
natural process of decomposition of organic
matter.

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Methods

Aerobic digestion
Anaerobic digestion

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Advantages

The resulting organic material is then recycled as

much or compost for agricultural or landscaping
purposes.
Waste gas from the process (such as methane)
can be captured and used for generating
electricity and heat maximizing efficiencies.

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Energy recovery

The energy content of waste products can be

harnessed directly by using them as a direct
combustion fuel, or indirectly by processing them
into another type of fuel.
Thermal treatment ranges from using waste as a
fuel source for cooking or heating and the use of
the gas fuel to fuel for boilers to generate steam
and electricity in a turbine.
Pyrolysis and gasification are two related
forms of thermal treatment where waste
materials are heated to high temperatures with
limited oxygen availability.
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Case studies

Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM)

has done the scientific closure of the Gorai
dumping ground in December 2007 & a process
for development of green belt is going on by
MCGM. This project will earn them carbon credits.
In Karnataka, 131 licensed blood banks
(government and private) are operating, which
generate about 200 kgs per day of biomedical
waste. The expired blood samples in the banks
and laboratories are pretreated with 1 to 2
percent hypochloride solution for the required
retention time and then drained off in the
sewerage channels.
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Continue..

The coffee growing areas of Karnataka are mainly

located in the western ghats and processing of
coffee has posed a threat to fresh water streams
of the western ghats. An initiative taken up by
ASTRA of Indian Institute of Science is to adopt
bioreactors for treating coffee effluents and use
the sludge from the reactor as manure. The gas
generated in the bio reactor plant is used for
cooking and lighting purpose. Under this project
four pilot plants are built and working in three
coffee growing districts of Karnataka
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Municipal Waste disposal in Mumbai locality

Mumbai
Thane
Kalyan Dombivali
Ulhasnagar
Navi-Mumbai
Pune
composting
Pimpri Chinchwad
Nasik
Solapur
Composting

Composting
Landfill
Dumping
Landfill
Sanitary landfill
Segregation and
Composting & landfill
Dumping Ground
Dumping, where
process is done

naturally
Malegoan

Dumping Ground

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THANK YOU

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