PLANNING

By: Bernie Joseph A. Jiao and Weezie Kay O. Manucan

WHAT IS PLANNING
Process of establishing objectives and
appropriate courses of action before taking
action. It is the process of choosing goals,
determining the ways of realizing then and
taking into consideration, available resources
including time. Professor James Stoner(1999)

WHAT IS PLANNING

Involves selecting the various goals

that the organization wants to
achieve and the strategies (actions)
to be taken to ensure that those
goals are accomplished.

WHAT IS PLANNING

Logical and systematic

approach of formulating the
objectives, programs, policies,
procedures, budget, rules and
regulations, and other types of
plans. Inigo (1991)

NATURE OF PLANNING:

Goal oriented.
Planning as the first basic
function.
Planning as a function of all
managers.

KEY OPERATING AREAS OF

PLANNING IN THE
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY::

GUEST SATISFACTION
EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION
PRODUCTIVITY

IMPORTANCE OF
PLANNING:
They offset uncertainty and change.
To focus attention on objectives.
To gain economical and efficient
operation
To facilitate control.

PURPOSE OF PLANNING
Gives direction not only to top management but to all
associates as they focus on goal accomplishment.
Determine the best goals and strategies to achieve
organizational goals.
Provides the road map of where the organization is going.
so they can plan scenarios to react to those potential
changes.

PURPOSE OF PLANNING

Helps coordinate the

efforts of associates toward
goal accomplishment.
Assists in risk reduction by

FORMS OF PLANNING
Informal Planning often done at the last minute
and there is little or no sharing of goals and strategies
with others in the organization.
Formal Planning - occurs when specific goals
covering a period of up to several years are identified
and shared with all associates, and strategies are
developed stating how each goal will be reached.

TWO MAIN CATEGORIES OF

PLANNING

Strategic (long term)

plans associated with
business plans and feasibility
studies

STRATEGIC PLANNING
Creates the long - range plans that steer an
organization towards its goals in the
accomplishment of its mission and vision.
Involves creating a long term strategy for how
the organization will meet its mission
Systematic process whereby the top
management of an organization charts the
future course of the enterprise

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
develops the mission, goals and strategies by
identifying the business of the corporation
today and the business it wants for the future,
and then identifying the course of action it will
pursue, given its strength, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats (internal and external
environments).
Translate mission into strategic goals.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

Process of guiding the organizational

strategic plan and acquiring the
necessary resources and capabilities to
ensure successful implementation of
the plan in the context of emergent
situations caused by the level of
environmental turbulence.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Strategic goals The planned objectives
that an organization strives to achieve.
Objective - basic tools that underlie all
planning and strategic activities. They
serve as the basis for creating policy and
evaluating performance. Some examples of
business objectives include minimizing

STRATEGIC PLANNING
PROCESS

A. Corporate level
Strategy strategic
planning that takes place at
the top management

STRATEGIC PLANNING
PROCESS

B. SWOT Analysis-Used to
assess the companys
internal and external
strengths and weaknesses, to
seek out opportunities, and to
be aware of and avoid

STRATEGIC PLANNING PROCESS

C. ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING
process of assessing information about
economic, social, political, and
technological environment to
anticipate and interpret changes in the
environment.

STRATEGIC PLANNING PROCESS

D. FORECASTING prediction
of future outcomes. Information
gained through scanning is
used to form scenarios.

HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY SIX STEPS TO

STRATEGIC PLANNING:

1. Build your vision.

2. Understand your customer.
3. Examine your operating environment
4. Determine the key issues.
5. Identify strategies for the future.
6. Create your action plan.

OPERATIONAL PLANNING

Operational Plans
generally for periods of up
to one year and dovetail
with the strategic plan

SEVEN STEPS IN
OPERATIONAL PLANNING
1.Setting goals.
2.Analyzing and evaluating the environment.
3.Determining alternatives.
4.Evaluating alternatives.
5.Selecting the best solution.
6.Implementing the plan.
7.Controlling and Evaluating Results

OPERATIONAL PLANNING
Goal setting is the process of determining
outcomes for each area and associate
OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVES- States how the
goals will be met
Management by Objectives(MBO)- Is a
managerial process that determines the goals
of the organization, then plans the objectives

OPERATIONAL PLANNING
BENCHMARKING- Concepts that identifies
the best way of doing something and which
companies excel in the area under study.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT- Is the task of
completing a project on time and within
budget.

OPERATIONAL PLANNING

BUDGETTING- planning and

allocating money for specific
activities. They are popular
because they force managers to
anticipate expected sales and
budget expenses accordingly.

QUESTIONS??
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