INTROUDCTION OF

ANOVA

WHAT IS ANOVA?
ANOVA stand for analysis of variance, a type of
hypothesis test.
Use to evaluate the results from research producing two
or more mean difference / treatments.
can be used with either and independent-measures or
repeated measures design.
ANOVA allows researcher to evaluate all of the mean
differences in a single hypothesis test using a single level.

TYPES OF ANOVA
One-way between groups (single factor,
independent-measures)
Example of Case Study
A maths teacher need to investigate whether the time
section influence the students mathematics performance.
A group of 60 students is divided into three group of 20.
Each group is requested to do the mathematics test in
morning section, afternoon section and evening section.

TYPES OF ANOVA
One-way repeated measures (single factor,
repeated-measures)
Example of Case Study
A maths teacher need to identify the Grade 5 students
motivation in mathematics within the same group. A
group of 50 Grade 5 students is tested before entering
the classes, after 6 months and after one year.

TYPES OF ANOVA
Two-way between group (two factor,
independent-measure)
Example of Case Study
A maths teacher need to investigate whether the gender
difference and room temperature affect the students
performance in mathematics test. A group of 120
students is divided into 60 male students and 60 female
students. Each male and female group of students is then
placed into three different classroom with different room
temperature of 15, 20 and 25

CALCULATION STEPS FOR ANOVA

The test statistic for ANOVA is an F-ratio, which is a ratio
of two sample variances. In the context of ANOVA, the
sample variances are called mean squares, or MS
values.
The top of the F-ratio MSbetween measures the size of
mean differences between samples. The bottom of the
ratio MSwithin measures the magnitude of differences that
would be expected without any treatment effects.

THE SEQUENCE OF ANOVA

CALCULATION

ANOVA NOTATION
k - number of treatment condition
n - sample size / number of respondents of each
treatment
N - sample size / number of respondents for total in the
entire research
2 in each treatment
T - sum of scores
x

2
x total
G - grand
n scores in entire research
SS -

CASE STUDY (ANOVA)

Three separate samples are indicated the marks
performance (full marks = 30) of certain exam for 36
undergraduate students which take the exam in three
different time period: morning section, afternoon section
and evening section.

CALCULATION STEPS

Step 1: State the hypotheses

H0 : 1 = 2 = 3 (time period has no effect on mark
performances)
H1 : At least one of the treatment mean is different
Alpha level at = 0.05
Step 2: Locate the critical region
dfbetween = k - 1 = 2 (Numerator)
dfwithin = N - k = 36 - 3 = 33 (Denominator)
From table on page 733, F(2,33) = 3.29

Step 3: Perform analysis

a) Perform SS
SStotal =

2
2
G
(
771
)
2
X
N 16993 36 480.75

SSwithin = SSn = 159 + 152.667 + 166.917 = 478.584

SSbetween = SStotal - SSwithin = 480.75 - 478.584 = 2.166
b) Analyse degree of freedom
dftotal = N - 1 = 36 - 1 = 35
dfbetween = k - 1 = 2
dfwithin = N - k = 36 - 3 = 33

Step 4: Make a decision and state a conclusion

Since 0.0747 < 3.29. H0 is failed to reject. The time
period has no significant effect on mark
performances.