SERVOMOTOR

BATCH 7:
MOULI R N
NAGAASWIN N
NAVEEN K
NILESH RAM
PRAVEEN K
NIRMAL KUMAR S

INTRODUCTION
What is a Servo Motor?
Aservo motoris an electrical
device which can push or rotate an
object with great precision.
Based on servo mechanism.

Servo mechanism
Controlled device
Output sensor
Feedback system
It is a closed loop system where it uses positive feedback.

Working principle of Servo Motors

A servomotor is aclosed loop servo mechanism
that uses position feedback to control its motion
and final position. The input to its control is some
signal, either analogue or digital, representing the
position commanded for the output shaft.
The very simplest servomotors use position-only
sensing via apotentiometerandbang-bang
controlof their motor; the motor always rotates at
full speed (or is stopped). This type of servomotor
is not widely used in industrialmotion control, but
it forms the basis of the simple and cheapservos
used forradio-controlled models.

Controlling Servo Motor

Servo motor is controlled by PWM
(Pulse with Modulation)

SOME
CONTROLLING
CIRCUITS USED:

Types of servo-motor

AC

DC

DC SERVO-MOTOR:
Unlike large industrial motors, dc servomotors
are not used for continuous energy conversion.
The basic operating principle is same as other
electromagnetic motors.
Design, construction and mode of operation
are different. The rotors of this kind of motor
are designed with long rotor lengths and
smaller diameters. They have large size than
that of conventional motors of same power
ratings.
There are various types of dc servomotors
which are 1)Series motors, 2)Split series
motors, 3)Shunt control motor & 4)Permanent
magnet shunt motor.

 Series motors: The series motor has a

high starting torque and draws large
current .Speed regulation of this kind of
motor is poor . Reversal can be obtained by
reversing the polarity of field voltage with
split series field winding (i.e. one winding for
direction of rotation). This method reduces
motor efficiency to some extent .
Split series motors: Split series motor
are the dc series motor with split-field rated
with some fractional kilowatt . This type of
motor can operate as a separately excited
field-controlled motor. The armature is
supplied with a constant current source. Split
series motor has a typical torque-speed

 Shunt control motor: DC shunt type

servomotor is not different from any other dc
shunt motor. It has two separate windings:
field windings placed on stator and armature
winding placed on the rotor of the machine.
Both windings are connected to a dc supply
source. In a conventional dc shunt motor,
the two windings are connected in parallel
across the dc supply. In case of a
servomotor, the windings are supplied with
separate dc source.
Permanent magnet shunt motor:
Permanent magnet shunt motor is a fixed
excitation motor where the field is actually
supplied by a permanent magnet.

CONSTRUCTION
It has construction as same as dc motor. It is
consist of stator and rotor and controlling
parts.
It has feedback generator for generating
feedback for controlling the speed & torque.
It has two ports one for dc supply and other
for controlled dc supply.

EXPLODED VIEW

CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW

CONSTRUCTION ELABORATED

WORKING

TORQUE-SPEED CHARACTERISTICS:
The torque-speed characteristics of separately excited
dc servo-motor is shown in bellow mentioned figure.
Their armature is deliberately
designed to have large resistance
so that torque speed
characteristics are linear and have
large negative slope as shown in
figure. The negative slop serves the
purpose of providing the viscous
damping for the servo drive system

As shown in figure the armature mmf and excitation

field mmf are in quadrature this fact provides the fast
torque response because torque and flux become
decoupled accordingly a step change in armature
voltage or current a quick change in the position or
speed of the rotor.

SOME OTHER CHARACTERISTICS:

The motor output torque
is proportional to the
voltage applied to it (i.e.
controlled voltage
developed by amplifier in
response to an error
signal).
The instantaneous
polarity of control voltage
governs the direction of
torque developed by
servomotors.
The variation in torquespeed characteristics due
to variation in
temperature is shown in

 High output power relative to motor size

and weight.ADVANTAGES:
Encoder determines accuracy and
resolution.
High efficiency. It can approach 90% at light
loads.
High torque to inertia ratio. It can rapidly
accelerate loads.
Has "reserve" power. 2-3 times continuous
power for short periods.
Has "reserve" torque. 5-10 times rated
torque for short periods.
Motor stays cool. Current draw proportional
to load.
Usable high speed torque. Maintains rated
torque to 90% of NL RPM

DISADVANTAGES:
Requires "tuning" to stabilize feedback loop.

Motor "runs away" when something breaks.

Safety circuits are required.
Complex. Requires encoder.
Brush wear out limits life to 2,000 hrs. Service
is then required.
Peak torque is limited to a 1% duty cycle.
Motor can be damaged by sustained overload.
Bewildering choice of motors, encoders, and
servo-drives.
Power supply current 10 times average to use
peak torque.
Motor develops peak power at higher speeds.
Gearing often required.
Poor motor cooling. Ventilated motors are
easily contaminated.

APPLICATIONS:
DC servomotors finds its applications in various
domain. Some of them are given below:
For very high voltage power systems, dc motors
are preferred because they operate more
efficiently than comparable ac servomotor.
It has also find its application in inkjet printers
and RC helicopters.
To drive conveyors used in Industrial
manufacturing and assembling units to pass an
object from one assembly station to another.
It is also used in solar tracking system.
DC servomotors are widely used in robots, toy
cars and other position controlled devices.
Widely used in radars, computers, robots,
machine tools tracking system, process
controllers etc.

OME ANIMATIONS SHOWING APPLICATIONS:

THANK YOU ALL.