3 4 Gender Based Violence MM 20.e

United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe
Developing Gender Statistics
Gender Based Violence
2007 The World Bank Group, UNECE, All Rights reserved
United Nations
Any act of gender-based violence that

results in, or is likely to result in,
physical, sexual or psychological harm
or suffering to women, including threats
of violence, coercion or arbitrary
deprivation of liberty, whether occurring
in public or private life.
United Nations
A broad range of acts occurring in the family:
Battering
Sexual abuse of female children
Dowry-related violence
Marital rape
United Nations
My husband slaps me, has sex with

me against my will and I have to conform.
Before being interviewed I didn't really
think about this. I thought this is only
natural. This is the way a husband
behaves.
Woman interviewed in Bangladesh during the WHO Multi-country Study

on Womens Health and Domestic Violence Against Women
United Nations
So I take a blanket and I spend the

night with my children out in the cold
because he is hitting me too much. I have
to take the kids to stop him hitting them
too. I would go out in the fields and sleep
there all night. I have done that more than
ten times
Woman interviewed in Peru during the WHO Multi-country Study on
Womens Health and Domestic Violence Against Women
United Nations
Rape
Forced
Prostitution
Sexual
Abuse
Sexual
Harrassment
Trafficking
in Women
United Nations
Physical, sexual and

psychological violence
condoned by the state.
United Nations
Gender
Based Violence
a violation
of womens
human rights
Violence
Against
Women
a cause and consequence of gender inequality
a major cause of womens ill health
a detriment to their well-being
often a crime
a significant cost to the resources of the wider society
United Nations
Crime
Need for
Policies
Health
Economic
well being
Family
Education
United Nations
Developing
Percentage
Gender Statistics
of women
16-70 who suffered physical

Gender
Violence
andBased
sexual
violence, Italy 2006
6,743,000 women have suffered physical or sexual violence
FACTS - ITALY 2006:

In the last 12 months 1,150,000
This one
women have experienced violence
out of 20 women.
The highest prevalence rates are among the youngest.
3,5% of women experienced sexual violence

and 2.7% experienced physical violence
74,000 women suffered rape or attempted rape
only in the last 12 months.
Source: Report on violence and abuses against women inside

and outside the household year 2006, ISTAT
Women' s Safety Survey, Istat 2006

United Nations
Developing Gender
Countries
withStatistics
national-level data available for last 15 years
Gender
Based assaults
Violence on women by a male partner - 37 countries
on
physical
Canada
USA
Colombia
Dominican
Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Albania
Azerbaijan
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Italy
Lithuania
Haiti
Mexico
Nicaragua
Paraguay
Peru
Puerto-Rico
Uruguay
Source: "In-depth Study on All Forms of Violence Against Women",

Report of the Secretary-General, 2006
Norway
Republic of Moldova
Romania
Sweden
Switzerland
Ukraine
Australia
UK
Cambodia
China
India
Philippines
Republic of Korea
Egypt
Samoa
Malawi
South Africa
Zambia
United Nations
How can VAW be measured? - Traditional official sources
Police Statistics
Types of crimes (VAW),

information on victims
and offenders and their
relationship
Only reported crimes

Only physical and sexual
Homicide
Statistics
Information on victims
and offenders and their
relationship
Court statistics
Cases of VAW
processed, conviction,
Only reported crimes

United Nations
Gender
Based
Violence
Statistics
based
on reported cases heavily underestimate the level of violence.
Only about one in three women assaulted by partners report an assault to police.*
* 2004 Canadian General Survey on Victimisation

United Nations
If I protest Ill be marked in

the society and then my
daughter wouldnt be able to
get married
If I voice my protest the
community will blame me for
not bearing it in silence. This
helplessness is a torture in
itself.
Woman, 43 years old, interviewed in Bangladesh during

the WHO Multi-country Study on Womens Health and
Domestic Violence Against Women.
United Nations
Surveys are a better tool to collect information

on violence against women.
Allow women to ask about their experiences on
violence without the need to officially report it
United Nations
United Nations

Proportion of women that reported violence within a relationship in
the last 12 months in France
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Verbal abuse
Emotional
blackmail
Repeated
psychological
pressure
Physical abuse
Rape and other

forced sexual acts
Source: Domenique Fougeyrollas-Schwebel, 2000 Enveff Survey
United Nations

Good
Questionnaire Design
Carefully choose wording and the number of questions

Ask about experiences with violence in behavioural terms
Provide opportunities for disclosure
Avoid single questions
Image: www.indiaCLEN.org
United Nations

Good
Questionnaire Design
During the past five years, has your partner:

1. threatened you with his/her fist or anything else that could have hurt you?
2. thrown anything at you that could have hurt you?
3. pushed, grabbed or shoved you in a way that could have hurt you?
4. slapped you?
5. kicked, bitten, or hit you with his/her fist?
6. hit you with something that could have hurt you?
7. beaten you?
8. choked you?
9. used or threatened to use a gun or knife on you?
10. forced you into any unwanted sexual activity by threatening you,
holding you down, or hurting you in some way?
Source: Measuring VAW: Statistical Trends 2006, Statistics Canada
United Nations
United Nations

Partner violence against women according to different definitions derived
from behavioural actions in Spain, 2002
TOTAL
Physical violence
Sexual violence
13.1
2
3.9
Psychological violence: control
Psychological violence: yelling
7.6
Source:
G. Meil, Elaboration of the Microdata Provided by the Instituto de la Mujer, Survey of Domestic
Violence against Women, Madrid, 2002
United Nations
Developing
Gender Statistics
Perpetrators
of physical
Friends,
acquaintances,
neighbours
11.8
violence against women, Germany, 2004

Professional
caregivers,
professional
helpers, others
3.4
Unknown persons
19.5
Casual acquaintances
10.8
Family members
30.1
Source:
Health, Well-Being and Personal Safety of Women in Germany,
A Representative Study of Violence against Women in Germany,
Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens,
Women and Youth, Germany, 2004
Acquaintances from
work, training or school
15.8
Partners, former
partners, lovers
50.2
United Nations
Gender
Violenceof spousal assaults
Impacts Based
and consequences
on women, Canada, 2004
Refers to violence over the previous five years.

Source: Statistics Canada, General Social Survey on Victimization 2004
Impacts and consequences of spousal assaults

on women, Canada, 2004
United Nations
I suffered a long time and swallowed

my pain. That is why I am constantly
visiting doctors and using medicines.
No one should have to do this.
Woman interviewed in Serbia & Montenegro during the WHO Multi-country

Study on Womens Health and Domestic Violence Against Women
United Nations
I dont feel well and I just cry. There are

times that I want to be dead. I even
thought of killing myself or poisoning
myself and my kids, because I think if I
have suffered that much, how much would
my kids suffer if I am no longer there
Woman interviewed in Peru during the WHO Multi-country Study on Womens Health
and Domestic Violence Against Women
United Nations
http://www.who.int/gender/violence/en/womenfirtseng.pdf
United Nations
United Nations

Percentages
of all
women
and currently
married
(agesurveys:
15-49) reporting violence
Gender Based
Violence
Ad-Hoc
modules
for women
ongoing
(Source: Demographic and Health surveys, Kishor, 2004)
A full instrument has to

be added
to the
Spousal
violence
By anyone
on-going
survey and Ever
not only a limited
Country
ever
Past year
number of questions
Cambodia
23
18
Colombia
15
41
The safety
of women 44
is not to be
Dom. Rep.compromised
17
22
11
Egypt
13
Haiti
India
35
34
35
29
The on-going
survey should
deal
with similar
21 topics
19
21
10
Kenya
49
47
28
Nicaragua
33
30
13
Peru
53
42
Zambia
59
48
27
United Nations
Increased Attention and Commitment to tackle Gender Violence

Standard indicators to measure violence against women
Encourage national statistical offices to have a more active role in
collecting and disseminating statistics in this area.
United Nations
United Nations
Edited by:
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe - Statistics Division
World Bank Institute - Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division
Concept & Production:
World Bank Institute - Multimedia Center
Photo Credits:
Dr. Henrica A.F.M. Jansen
UNIFEM
DAW
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
UNAIDS
UNFPA
RAWA
IndiaCLEN

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United Nations

Economic Commission for Europe

Developing Gender Statistics

Gender Based Violence

Developing Gender Statistics

Gender Based Violence

2007 The World Bank Group, UNECE, All Rights reserved

Developing Gender Statistics

Gender Based Violence

Any act of gender-based violence that

Developing Gender Statistics

Gender Based Violence

A broad range of acts occurring in the family:

2007 The World Bank Group, UNECE, All Rights reserved

Developing Gender Statistics

Gender Based Violence

My husband slaps me, has sex with

Woman interviewed in Bangladesh during the WHO Multi-country Study

Developing Gender Statistics

Gender Based Violence

So I take a blanket and I spend the

Developing Gender Statistics

Gender Based Violence

2007 The World Bank Group, UNECE, All Rights reserved

Developing Gender Statistics

Gender Based Violence

Physical, sexual and

Developing Gender Statistics

a cause and consequence of gender inequality

a major cause of womens ill health

a detriment to their well-being

a significant cost to the resources of the wider society

2007 The World Bank Group, UNECE, All Rights reserved

Developing Gender Statistics

Gender Based Violence

2007 The World Bank Group, UNECE, All Rights reserved

16-70 who suffered physical

FACTS - ITALY 2006:

women have experienced violence

The highest prevalence rates are among the youngest.

3,5% of women experienced sexual violence

74,000 women suffered rape or attempted rape

only in the last 12 months.

Source: Report on violence and abuses against women inside

Women' s Safety Survey, Istat 2006

Source: "In-depth Study on All Forms of Violence Against Women",

2007 The World Bank Group, UNECE, All Rights reserved

Developing Gender Statistics

Gender Based Violence

How can VAW be measured? - Traditional official sources

Types of crimes (VAW),

Only reported crimes

Only physical and sexual

Only reported crimes

2007 The World Bank Group, UNECE, All Rights reserved

Developing Gender Statistics

* 2004 Canadian General Survey on Victimisation

If I protest Ill be marked in

Woman, 43 years old, interviewed in Bangladesh during

2007 The World Bank Group, UNECE, All Rights reserved

Developing Gender Statistics

Gender Based Violence

Surveys are a better tool to collect information

Developing Gender Statistics