LEED INDIA

Leadership in Energy
and Environmental
Design-India

INTRODUCTION

Effective in India from 1st Jan 2007

Version of the LEED rating system
administered by IGBC.

Green Building Rating System

Framework for assessing building performance against set criteria and

standard points of references

Internationally accepted benchmark for design, construction and operation of

green buildings.

Encourages and accelerates global adoption of sustainable green building and

development practices .

65 LEED certified green buildings in India.

Based on professional reference standards like NBC, ASHRAE, and ECBC etc.

GREEN BUILDING

Uses less energy, water, natural resources

Generates less waste

Healthier for people living in it

Energy saved= 30-40% per day

Enhanced indoor air quality, light and ventilation

Potable water saving upto 20-30%

High productivity of occupants

Minimum generation of non-degradable waste

Lower operating costs and increase asset value

MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL
CATEGORIES:

Sustainable Architecture and Design

Site Selection and Planning
Water Conservation
Energy Efficiency
Building Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Innovation and Development

Prerequisites

Required elements or green building strategies that must be included in any

LEED certified project

Credits

Optional elements, or strategies that projects can elect to pursue to gain

points toward LEED certification.

CERTIFICATION

Independent third party verification that the building project meets highest
performance standards.

Benefits of certification WHY

LEED?
lead to the transformation of the built environment
built as designed and perform as expected.
have lower operating costs and increased asset value
healthy and comfortable for their occupants
reduce waste sent to landfills
conserve energy and water
reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions

Certification Process

IGBC PROGRAMS

Green homes rating

Green factory rating

Green townships

Green SEZs

SPECIFIC PROGRAMS

LEED India for New Construction

Design of commercial buildings-hotels, institutions, services
Under the direct control of the owner or developer

LEED India for Core and Shell

Design of core and shell buildings-leased or rented spaces
Not completely under the direct control of the owner or developer

LEED India Green building

LEED Points overview

Sr.
no:

Criterions Points

Points

Sustainable Architecture and Design

Important criterions and Point allocation

Site Selection and Planning

14

Water Conservation

18

Energy Efficiency

28

Building Materials and Resources

16

Indoor Environmental Quality

12

Innovation and Development

TOTAL

100

SUSTAINABLE SITE

Outlines various green opportunities for reducing the negative impact the
building has on the environment.

The opportunities range from

Preventing erosion of top soil,

:Preventing water contamination & creation of heat islands,

Effective use of a barren or waste lands etc.

THE BASIC PRINCIPLE

TIME and NATURE have changed land

Use what nature has given by working with existing topography, plants and
views.

Touch the earth lightly, rather than cutting deep and covering it with concrete.

CREDITS UNDER
SUSTAINABLE SITE

Prerequisite : Erosion and Sedimentation

control
Intent :

Control erosion and sedimentation of soil to reduce negative impact on

A) Water quality

B) Air quality dust generation

Impacts :

Erosion from construction sites

A) Can carry toxicants & nutrients

B) Polluting storm water run off

Requirements :

Design to a site sedimentation and erosion control plan that conforms to the
best management practices. (Should address both during construction & post
occupancy)

Advocates process like temporary or Permanent vegetation, Mulching, earth

dikes, silt fencing etc.

Water Efficiency

Water efficiency can be defined as :

the accomplishment of a function, task, process, or result with the minimal amount
of water feasible.

An indicator of the relationship between the amount of water required for a

particular purpose and the amount of water used or delivered.

Water efficiency differs from water conservation in that it focuses on reducing waste.

The key for efficiency is reducing waste not restricting use.

It also emphasizes the influence consumers can have in water efficiency by making
small behavioral changes to reduce water wastage and by choosing more water
efficient products.

Examples of water efficient steps include simple measures like, fixing leaking taps.

CREDITS UNDER WATER

EFFECIENCY

ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE

LEED recognizes the importance of optimizing energy performance by

allocating the greatest number of potential points within this category to
formulate a sustainable design

In general points can be earned through:

efficient design,

use of renewable energy,

deliberate mechanical and electrical system selection

proper commissioning and monitoring of devices

CREDITS UNDER ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE

MATERIAL AND RESOURCES

40% of the carbon dioxide that contributes to our warming planet comes from
buildings.

Some of it is a secondary effect of operational needs such as electricity, a/c, and

heating, many ghgs arise from resource extraction, manufacturing and production of
the building materials themselves.

Choosing ingredients wisely makes all the difference in terms of the overall impact of
the building throughout its life. -Environmental footprint or life cycle assessment

The materials are in the picture from the first round of planning to the final stages of
demolition or renovation of a building or product.

Credit: Resource Reuse

Intent :

Reuse building materials and products in order to reduce demand for virgin
material and reduce waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the extraction
and processing of virgin resources.

Requirements :

Use salvaged or refurbished materials for 5-10% of building materials (by value)

Methods suggested like, reuse of partition panels,broken tiles,Used carpets.(Note :

Movable furniture like chairs are not accounted for calculation)

Credit: Recycled content

Intent :

Increase demand for building products that incorporated recycled content

materials, therefore reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of
new virgin materials

Requirements :

Use materials with recycled content such that the sum of post consumer recycled
content plus one-half of the post-industrial constitutes at least 5% of the total value
of the materials in the project.

The value of the recycled content portion of a material or furnishing shall be

determined by dividing the weight of recycled content in the item by the total
weight of all material in the item, then multiplying the resulting percentage by the

Credit : Innovation and Development

Credit local/ regional Materials

Intent :

Increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and
manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the regional economy
and reducing environmental impact resulting from transportation

Requirements :

Use a minimum of 20 %( extra points for going up to to 50 %) of building

materials and products that are manufactured regionally within a radius of
800 kms (manufacturing refers to the final assembly of components)

Credit : Rapidly Renewable Material

Intent :

Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw and long cycle renewable
materials by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials

Requirements:

Use rapidly renewable building materials and products (made from plants
that are typically harvested within a ten-year cycle or shorter)

for 5% of the total value of all building materials and products used in the
project.

Consider use of materials such as bamboo, wool, cotton insulation,

agrifiber, linoleum, wheat board, strawboard and cork.

Indoor Environmental
Quality

Green building means considering environmental impact of materials and

construction, along with the physical and psychological health of the
occupants.

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) addresses the subtle issues that

influence, how we feel in a space.

It is a fundamental human right to live and work in spaces with healthy

indoor environments.

INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY

Credit : Low Emitting Materials

Intent :

Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous or

potentially irritating and harmful to the comfort and well being of installer
and building occupants.

Requirements :

All adhesives and sealants used on the interior of the building shall comply
with the requirements of the reference standard.

VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) content of adhesive and sealants to be

monitored.

Carpet systems must meet the requirements of the carpet and rug institute
Green label indoor Air quality test program

Composite wood and agrifiber products used on the interior of the building
must contain no added urea formaldehyde resins

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO
LEED

Green Design Strategy

Green Process for manufacturing

Product Carbon Footprint tracking

LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT

Furniture in getting credits

GREEN DESIGN STRATEGY

Optimized utilization of raw material to conserve natural resources

Maximize recycled content

Reduction in product volume to reduce transportation cost

Use of rapidly renewable wood & wood substitutes (planted & replenished in
less than 15 years cycle) to reduce impact on eco system.

Modular products make various options with the use of minimum basic
standard components

Possibility of refurbishing for reuse (Ease of servicing assembly and

disassembly )

Design for durability adherence to performance standards to enhance

product life.

GREEN PROCESS FOR

MANUFACTURING
Confirming to ISO 14001

Energy conservation

Use of natural lighting in the plant

30 % increase in production over last year with the same consumption of

electric energy

Converted to CNG for all high fuel consuming processes

Recycling of water with reverse osmosis plant

Effective utilization of in-process waste water, after effluent treatment is used

for watering gardens

Influencing our vendors to follow green processes

Sale of hazardous waste only to Pollution Control Board authorized parties

96% usage of powder in powder coating process leads to minimal wastage

Hidden components are coated with left over powder mix

CARBON FOOTPRINT TRACKING

A products life cycle consists of the activities that go into making, transporting, using and
disposing of that product

FURNITURE IN GETTING CREDITS

Provision of energy efficient task lights, can help in reducing the overall lighting load of
the project.
Use of easily recyclable material (like corrugated cardboard, expanded polystyrene)
packing which can reduce landfill disposal.
Manufacture products with longer life cycle, so that can be used in many sites. Tile
frame construction making it easy for reconfiguration and reuse
Identifying components which could be made from recycled materials like, recycled
plastics, worktop made of baggage boards etc.
Task lighting feature can ensure better control and proper optimization of electricity Used
for lighting
Can explore the option of using boards made of bamboo, fabrics made of agricultural
waste etc.
Working towards usage of material which confirm to VOC level
usage of transparent material and low ht partitions allowing daylight and outside view to
the building occupants.

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

EXAMPLE: Spacio open plan office system

80 % steel for the paneling compared to conventional wood based partition

Fabrics : 100% Cotton or PP based without any blend

100 % use of reconstituted wood: (PPB or MDF) for work surfaces

Number of parts reduced to minimum

Easy to disassemble reconfigure and refurbish for reuse

Paper based packing material: 100 % Recyclable

EXAMPLES OF LEED BUILDINGS

IN INDIA

Platinum rated : CII Godrej GBC ,Hyderabad

ITC Green Center, Gurgaon
Wipro Technologies, Gurgaon

Gold Rated :

IGP Office, Gulbarga

NEG Micon, Chennai

Grundfos Pumps, Chennai

Silver Rated :

L&T EDRC , Chennai

CII Godrej GBC

,Hyderabad

Suzlon
Energy
Limited

ITC Green
Center,
Gurgaon

Wipro
Technologi
es,
Gurgaon

American
Embassy School,
Delhi

IGP Office,
Gulbarga

Anna
Centenary
Library
Building,
Chennai

NEG Micon,
Chennai

L&T EDRC ,
Chennai

Rajiv Gandhi International

Airport Hyderabad

CASE STUDY
CII SOHRABJI GODREJ
BUILDING

Climate

It remains fairly warm most of the year.

Receive less rainfall in the monsoon.

Temperatures come down in the months of

December and January and the nights
become quite cool in and around the
Hyderabad city.

During the summer months, the mercury

goes as high as 42 C while in winters the
minimum temperature may come down to
as low as 12 C.

Temperatu
re

During the summer months,

temperature goes as high as 42 C
while in winters the minimum
temperature may come down to as
low as 12 C.

Relative
Humidity
Humidity in the morning is very
high exceeding 80 per cent from
July to September. In the dry
months of March, April and May,
humidity is generally low with an
average of 25 to 30 per cent and
decreases to 20 per cent at
individual stations.

Green Architecture

Economical

Energy-saving

Environmentally-friendly

Sustainable development.

Sohrabji Godrej Green

Business Centre in
Hyderabad. Its a
commercial building which
consists of office buildings,
research labs and
conference rooms

GREEN BUSINESS CENTER

Wind Towers

Water Body

Roof garden
Solar PV

Water Efficiency
Sustainable Site
Energy Efficiency
Materials & Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality

Formation of positive and negative pressure zones when wind flows around
rectangular and circular bodies.
The pressure coefficient cp can be used with the wind velocity to calculate
positive and negative pressure loads.

Green Building Tour

Central courtyard.
Roof garden - Protects heat
penetration, cuts
down heat-island effect
High performance glazing to bring in
natural
light while minimizing heat ingress.

Usage of light glazing and vision

glazing.

Jali (Perforated) wall for bringing in

natural light as well as ventilation .

Energy saving system.

Courtyards

The courtyards act as "light wells,"

illuminating adjacent work areas.
When this light is not sufficient,
sensors trigger the deployment of
efficient electric lights. Dimmers
automatically control the
illumination levels, turning the
lights off when they're unnecessary.
Also, occupancy sensors prevent a
light from being switched on at an
unoccupied workstation.

Roof Garden
Absorbing heat and radiating it
into the building. This is
minimized through the roof
gardens covering 55% of the
roof area.

Heat absorbed

Rain water harvesting.

Rain water absorbed used for different purposes

Seepage into the ground have

been installed in
pedestrian areas and parking.
Rain water

Water filter
Slope given for
the water flow

Outlet for
water
collection

Natural
Lighting
Natural light deflection systems
can direct light deep into the room and
ensure better natural lighting provisions.

Reflective glass (mirror)

This material will most significantly reduce penetration of

radiation from the reflecting side to the non-reflecting side

(penetration of 11-37% of total striking radiation).

Such glazing is used in this building where it is desirable to

maintain eye contact with the outside as well as to prevent

penetration of radiation and in areas where it is hot most days of
the year.

Usage of Light Glazing and

Vision Glazing
The double glazed glass will just
allow the diffused sunlight to pass
through and will radiate the solar
radiation back. It is located in the
western direction because the suns
rays is highly radiant when it is
setting.

Double glazed glass

This consists of two sheets of glass with space in

between, sometimes filled with air or other gases, or
vacuum.

Variations in thickness have a certain effect, up to a

certain limit, on the percentage of radiation allowed to
penetrate and on thermal conductance of the composition.

The main advantage of this type of cross-section is its

ability to reduce heat transfer from one pane to the other,
both by conduction and by radiation.

Use of Traditional Jalli

Jallis or Lattice walls
are used to prevent
glare and heat gain
while ensuring
adequate day lighting
and views. The jalli,
used in many historic
buildings such as the
Taj Mahal, gives
definition and an
aesthetic appeal to a
space.
Jalli [Perforated] for
bringing in Natural Light
and also Ventilation

Function of Jali in the rains.

Rain
water
seeps in
the
openings
.

Section through the jali

Water
utilized
for the
plants
inside.

Solar system
Harvesting of solar energy - 20% of
the buildings
energy requirement is catered to by
solar
photovoltaic
The Solar PV has an installed
capacity of 23.5 KW
Average generation is 100-125 units
per day

Solar
Photovoltaic

The solar panels are placed on the

eastern side and they are sloping
which helps production of energy
throughout the day and as it is a
commercial building more amount of
energy is consumed during the
working hours [day] compared to the
evenings.

su

Solar
panel

nr
ay
s

Wind System
Wind tower with evaporative cooling

A combination of sensible cooling in

the ground and evaporative cooling
with the flow of air induced by the
wind tower can be achieved by a
configuration as shown. The heat
loss from air results in a decreased
air temperature, but no change in
the water vapour content of the air.

ytime and night time operation of a Wind Tower

The hot ambient air enters the

tower through the openings in the
tower and is cooled, when it comes
in contact with the cool tower and
thus becomes heavier and sinks
down. When an inlet is provided to
the rooms with an outlet on the
other side, there is a draft of cool
air. After a whole of heat exchange,
the wind towers become warm in
the evening.

During night the reverse happens; due

to warm surface of wind tower and
drop in temperature of ambient air
due to buoyancy effect, warm air rises
upwards. As a result, cooler ambient
air is sucked into the room through
the window. As a bye-product of this
process, wind tower loses the heat that
was collected during the day time and
it becomes ready for use in cold
condition up to the morning.

Wind tower design with openings on all four sides

Wind tower design with evaporatively cooled system

Due to the unpredictable wind direction, opening on all four sides are provided with an additional
affect due to wind pressure. The rate of heat transfer mainly depends on surface area with which, the
air comes in contact. Here the surface area is increased by having vertical conduits, which gives less
resistance to air flow. Further, the effectiveness is increased by having sprinklers to promote the
evaporative cooling

Wind Deflectors
Interior partitions are provided in
the building for various purposes of
privacy, which may not allow
openings in the partition. In this
region, due to the warm and humid
climate ventilation becomes very
essential, cross ventilation
becomes the major solution. This
can be overcome by providing ridge
ventilation or ventilating ducts or
shafts for deeper rooms.

The effect of positioning the apertures at various heights above the floor
influences the efficiency of the natural ventilation in a given space.

Inlet and outlet are high. Airflow

only near ceiling. No air current
at body level. Good for removing
hot air for warm season. Layers
of still air at low levels.

Inlet higher than outlet. Good

interaction of air layers. Current
at body level. Pocket of warm ,
still air over the outlet.

Water system

Collect rainwater for external use i.e. garden/washing car.

Use water conserving appliances including toilets, shower, taps, washing machine and dish
washer e.g.. Low flow faucets, water saving dual flush tanks

Reduce irrigation and surface water run-off .

Root Way Water treatment facility Natural Way of

treating the
black and grey water.
Rain water

Inlet for water

Water filter

Zero water discharge building

Slope given for the
System35% reduction in potable water use
water flow
Low flow water fixtures
Waterless urinals
Use of storm water & recycled water for irrigation.
Entire waste water in the building is treated biologically through a process
called the 'Root Zone Treatment

Outlet for
water
collection

Sustainable Materials
A large amount of energy and pollution was also reduced
through choices in the production and transportation of building
materials.
An impressive 77 percent of the building materials use recycled
content in the form of fly ash, broken glass, broken tiles, recycled
paper, recycled aluminum, cinder from industrial furnaces,
bagasse (an agricultural waste from sugar cane), mineral fibers,
cellulose fibers, and quarry dust.
The building reuses a significant amount of material salvaged
from other construction sites like toilet doors, interlocking
pavement blocks, stone slabs, scrap steel, scrap glazed tiles,
shuttering material and, interestingly, the furniture in the
cafeteria. A waste management plan ensured that 96 percent of
construction waste was recycled.

Principles followed
Waste Reduction
Select materials using recycled components .
Design for re-use and recycling.
Control and reduce waste and packaging.
Reduce resource consumption.

Health and Wellbeing

Meet the basic physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the occupants
Consider healthy lighting, color and sound, controlled temperature and humidity and
good indoor air quality to enhance the living environment
Reduce formaldehyde emissions and use pollution fighting indoor plants
Apply an integrated wiring system for lighting, power, security, fire alarm and audio
facilities.
Design a safe and user-friendly space.

Energy Efficiency

Use of eco friendly electric car for

transport and traveling within the
premises
helping in preventing pollution.

Design-Orientation for
maximum day light.
Avoiding Green wall and Green
roof.
Use of neutral glass to reduce
heat gain.
Usage of energy efficient white
goods.
Use of Zero CFG refrigerators in
refrigerators and air-condition.
Online monitoring system to
monitor the energy performance.
Establishing baseline data for
energy consumption.

Achievements
The

building boasts of lighting energy savings of 88 percent compared to an

electrically lit building of the same size.
Vegetation

that was lost to the built area was replaced by gardens on 55

percent of the roof area.
The

building achieves a 35 percent reduction of municipally supplied potable

water, in part through the use of low-flush toilets and waterless urinals.
Thirty

percent of users have shifted to alternative modes of transportation:

carpools, bicycles, and cars that run on liquefied petroleum gas, a low-polluting
alternative to conventional gasoline and diesel.
95

percent of the raw material was extracted or harvested locally.

An

impressive 77 percent of the building materials use recycled content.

waste management plan ensured that 96 percent of construction waste was

recycled.

Case Study:
ITC GREEN CENTRE

Location:Sector 33, Gurgaon,

India.

Climate:Humid, subtropical
climate

a LEED PLATINUM certified

building with 56 points

At 170,000 sq feet, ITC Green Centre

is the worlds largest 0% water
discharge, noncommercial Green
building, and compared to similar
buildings, ITC Green Centre has a
30% smaller carbon footprint
with the use of sensible technologies.

One of the strongest aspects of ITC

Green Centre is its design. All systems
are integrated in a way so that they
can function as naturally as possible.

DESIGN
The central atrium allows a column of
glare-free
natural light to form in the heart of the
building, thereby reducing the use of
artificial light

The L-shaped plan of the building

serves more than one function in
more than one area of the
immediate environment.

It also ensures that one part of the faade

is always in the shade, preventing too
much heat from entering the structure.

The cooling effect is supported moreover

by the discreet bodies of water placed in
front of the building

The atrium also connects the various

parts of the building to each other, both
horizontally and vertically,it encourages
interaction between the various parts,
and more, it promotes a sense of
community.

WATER EFFICIENCY

Harvest 100% of the rain that falls on

the building, and recycle 100% of all the
water used in the building including
waste water.

Use of waterless urinals in the building.

The urinals use biological blocks
containing particular bacteria that
reduce odour problems and blockages
in the urinals that saves 3 lakhs litres of
water per annum.

Annually, storm water pits recharged

ground water by around 5500 kilolitres,
and sewage treatment plant recycled
6900 kilolitres of water in total, limiting
costs but more importantly water use
tremendously.

Interlocking tiles placed

across the landscape of the
building to harvest
rain water through the grass
that grows between the tiles
while ensuring 0%
surface run-off.

ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE

The high albedo roof coating reduces the amount of heat absorbed by
reflecting over 90% of visible and infra red radiations away from the
building. reduces the roof surface temperature by 30 degrees.

250mm thickness of the buildings walls, the double glazed windows and
high performance glass reduce the amount of solar heat entering the
building by more than 65%.

A commercial building the size of ITC Green Centre usually consumes

about 620,000 kilowatts per hour per annum, whereas ITC use 130,000
kilowatts per hour per annum.

With a consumption of 11.4lakhs kilowatts per hour against an

estimated 2.33 lakhs kilowatts per hour ITC saved 51% of their total
budget: 81% on lighting, 40% on Heating, Ventilation and Air
Conditioning (HVAC) and 40% on hot water annually.

MATERIALS AND RESOURCE

Over 40% of the materials used in the construction of ITC Green Centre
was available within 800 kilometres of the building site, which is not only
cost effective but also offers the chance of easy renewal

More than 10% of materials used to make work-stations, cabinets,

conference tables, wall panels and door frames was refurbished or
salvaged from other building sites.

Over 10% of our construction material, such as glass, ceramic tiles, steel
and aluminium, used in the building are recycled.

There are storage bins on every floor of ITC Green Centre for recyclable
materials like paper, cardboard, glass, plastic and metals, affirming
commitment to reduce, reuse and recycle and making it a point of
everyday practice.

CONCLUSION

ITC is the worlds largest Water Positive corporation. The amount of

rainwater harvest regularly exceeds the total amount of water consumed by
the companys units.

The zero discharge objective helps reduce fresh water intake.

It minimises energy consumption, brings down indirect CO2 emissions and

eliminates effluent pollution.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.igbc.in
www.climatechange.thinkabout.edu
www.hydro.mb.ca
www.Wikipedia.com
www.igbc.in

THANK YOU

Arjun

#6

Lala

# 12

Rishan

# 18

Nimisha

# 24

Rajiv

# 30

Sneha

# 36

Twinkle

# 39