ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

{ MACHINE ELEMENTS }
OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE DIRECTIONS.
THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE NORMAL
TO THE RESPECTIVE PLANES.
AND NOW PROJECT THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THOSE PLANES.
THESE VEWS ARE FRONT VIEW , TOP VIEW AND SIDE VIEW.
FRONT VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON VERTICAL PLANE ( VP )
TOP VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP )
SIDE VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON PROFILE PLANE ( PP )

FIRST STUDY THE CONCEPT OF 1 ST AND 3 RD ANGLE

PROJECTION METHODS

AND THEN STUDY NEXT 26 ILLUSTRATED CASES CAREFULL

TRY TO RECOGNIZE SURFACES
PERPENDICULAR TO THE ARROW DIRECTIONS

FIRST ANGLE
PROJECTION

FOR T.V.

IN THIS METHOD,
THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE
SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT
MEANS
ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.

OBJECT IS INBETWEEN
OBSERVER & PLANE.
PP

VP
FV

LSV

X
TV
HP
ACTUAL PATTERN OF
PLANES & VIEWS
IN
FIRST ANGLE METHOD
OF PROJECTIONS

R
FO

.
V
.
S

FO
R

F.V
.

FOR T.V.

THIRD ANGLE
PROJECTION
IN THIS METHOD,
THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE
SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT
( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )

PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT

AND INBETWEEN
OBSERVER & OBJECT.

TV

Y
LSV

FV

ACTUAL PATTERN OF
PLANES & VIEWS
OF
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS

R
O
F

.
S. V

FO
R

F.V
.

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FO
R
FO

.
S.V

FRONT VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

F.V
.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

TOP VIEW

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW

R
O
F

.
S.V

FO
R

F.V
.

TOP VIEW

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

L.H.SIDE VIEW

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW

R
FO

.
S.V

FO
R

F.V
.

TOP VIEW

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

L.H.SIDE VIEW

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW

R
FO

.
S.V

FO
R

F.V
.

TOP VIEW

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

L.H.SIDE VIEW

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

R
O
F

FRONT VIEW

.
S.V

FO
R

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

F.V
.

L.H.SIDE VIEW

TOP VIEW

6
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW

R
O
F

.
S.V

FO
R

F.V
.

TOP VIEW

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

L.H.SIDE VIEW

7
FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW

FO
R
R
O
F

.
S.V

L.H.SIDE VIEW

F.V
.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

TOP VIEW

STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS

FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW
50

20

FO
R

25

F.V
.
25

20

TOP VIEW

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

9
FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW

R
FO

.
S.V

FO
R

F.V
.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

L.H.SIDE VIEW

TOP VIEW

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FOR T.V.

FRONT VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

.V.
S
R
FO
R
FO
.
F.V

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

10

TOP VIEW

FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW

FO
R

R
O
F

F.V X
.

L.H.SIDE VIEW

.
S.V

TOP VIEW

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

11

12

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW

R
FO

.
S.V

FO
R

F.V
.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

L.H.SIDE VIEW

TOP VIEW

13

STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS

FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

35

FV

35
10

20

10

FO
R

F.V
.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

40
70

TV

30

STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS

R
FO

14

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FV
30

10

30

SV

30
10
30

.
S.V

FO
R

F.V
.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

TV

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

OR

15

STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FOR T.V.
ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL
FV

SV

10

.
S.V

FO
R

F.V
.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

40

40
60

60

TV

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

16

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

FV

SV

x
10

R
O
F

.
S. V

FO
R

F.V
.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

40

40
60

60

TOP VIEW

17

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW
40

L.H.SIDE VIEW
30 SQUARE
20

50

R
FO

FO
R

.
S.V

F.V X
.

20

10

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

Y
30

F.V.

60

S.V.

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

18

FV
40

10

45

30 D

FO
R

F.V
.

10

50

80

TV

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

19

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

40

FV

10

100
10

FO
R

25

TV

10

30 R
20 D

30

10

25

F.V
.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

30

FOR T.V.
FV
RECT.
SLOT

10

50

35

10

20 D

FO
R

F.V
.

TV

60 D
30 D
TOP VIEW

20

21

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
10

25

15

25
40

10
25

R
FO

FO
R

.
S.V

F.V
.
O

25
80

F.V.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

25

S.V.

FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

450

30

FV

40

FO
R

Y
30 D

F.V
.
TV

40

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

40

15

22

23

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FO
R

HEX PART

F.V
.

30

20

20

R
FO

.
S.V

40

20
50

20

15

30
60

100

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW FV ABD SV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

FRONT VIEW

L.H.SIDE VIEW

FOR T.V.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

24

40

20
FRONT VIEW

F.V.
30

10
X

10

FO
R

30

F.V
.

10
30

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

80

T.V.

TOP VIEW

25

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
10

10

15

25

25

50

FV

LSV

10

R
O
F

.
S.V

FO
R

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW FV AND LSV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

F.V
.

PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN

DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD

26

FO
R

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
F.V
.
30

10

20

20
15

10

R
O
F

.
S.V

15

O
30
15

15

Y
50

F.V.

LEFT S.V.