Thermodynamics I

Lecture 4: Properties Tables

Prof: Dr. P.Q. Gauthier

Example on previous lecture

A rigid tank contains 10 kg of water at 90C. If 8 kg of the water

is in the liquid form and the rest is in the vapor form, determine

(a) the pressure in the tank

(b) the volume of the tank

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Example on previous lecture

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Solution

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Solution

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Superheated Vapor

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Superheated Vapor

Superheated vapor is characterized by:

Low pressures (P < Psat at given T)

High temperatures (T > Tsat at a given P)

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Superheated Vapor

High specific volumes (v > vg at given P or T)

Higher internal energies (u > ug at a given P or T)

Higher enthalpies (h > hg at a given P or T)

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Superheated Vapor

A partial listing of table A-6

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Example

Determine the internal energy of water at 20 psia

and 400F

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Solution

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Compressed Liquid

Figure: A compressed liquid may be approximated as a saturated

liquid at the same temperature

Reason: not much data in the open literature and water is

incompressible

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Compressed Liquid

h is sensitive to P, the error in h at very high pressure can be

reduced significantly by evaluating it from

h(kJ) hf @T (kJ / kg) vf (m3 / kg) * [P(kPa) Psat (kPa)]

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Compressed Liquid

In general, a compressible liquid is characterized by:

Higher pressures (P > Psat at given T)

Lower temperatures (T < Tsat at a given P)

Lower specific volumes (v < vf at given P or T)

Lower internal energies (u < uf at a given P or T)

Lower enthalpies (h < hf at a given P or T)

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Compressed Liquid

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Example

Determine

the

missing

properties

and

description in the following table of water

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the

phase

Solution

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Solution

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Solution

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The Ideal Gas Equation of State

Any equation that relate the pressure, temperature, and

specific volume of a substance is called an equation of state

Gas and vapor are often used as synonymous

Experimentally, it has been found that:

T
P R( ) or Pv=RT
v

(this is called the ideal gas relation)

P is absolute pressure

v is specific volume

R is gas constant

T is absolute temperature

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The Ideal Gas Equation of State

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The Ideal Gas Equation of State

The gas constant R is different for each gas and is different

from

Ru
R
M

kJ
)
kg.K

Where : Ru is the universal gas constant

M is the molar mass( also called molecular weight)
Ru is the same for all substances
8.314 kJ/kmol.K

Ru 1.986 Btu/lbmol.R
1545 ftlb / lbmol.R
f

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