PREFIX PE-

in Indonesian Language
presented by:

Muhammad Arif al Hakim

113 11 016

STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

OF SALATIGA

The Definition of Affix

Affix or addition is morpheme nonbasic that structurally embedded
in basic word to forming a new
words.
e.g. menggunakan
(for
using)
meng
prefix
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suffix
com

guna

kan

basic word

Kinds of Affix

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Prefix
Infix
Suffix
Confix
Reduplication

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 Now, we will discuss about PREFIX, especially

for prefix pe-

Form of prefix pe- become different

depends on the basic words that attached to
form (pe-).
e.g. pe
+
diam
(silent)
prefix

basic word

pendiam (stolid)
Gadis pendiam itu telah pergi ke pasar
The stolid girl had been going to market
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The Function of Prefix PE Function of prefix pe- is forming a noun

with nominalization process based on
intransitive verb that prefixed by ber-, or
instead from basic word directly.

e.g. tapa
(asceticism)
bertapa (meditate or live as an
asceticism)

pertapa (hermit / ascetic)

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The Meaning of Prefix PENo

POLA KALIMAT ( PATTERN OF SENTENCES )

Subject

Dia
She

Predikat

Object

( Verb )

( Complement )

pembac
a

Keterangan
( Adverb )

novel
twilight

of twilights
is reader
1
novel
(a)to express an agents persona (subject):
pembaca (reader) pe- + baca (read)
penulis (writer) pe- + tulis (write)

Dia
he
2

seorang
petaruh
a backer

bola
of soccer

Dia
he

adalah
seorang

pelau
t

is a

sailor

di laut
pasifik

in pasific
1
ocean
(c)
e.g.someone that usually work in somewhere
(profession):
pelaut
(sailor)
pe- + laut (sea)
pedagang
(trader) pe- + dagang (trade)

Pemabuk
itu
2

meninggal
dunia

kemari
n

the drunkard
passed away
yesterday
(d) someone that fond of make something
(habituate):
pemabuk (drunkard) pe- + mabuk
(drunk)

Pemukul
itu

memukul
beat

pada malam
andi
hari
andi

The Form of Pseudo Prefix PE There is some words apparently

includes in prefix pe-. Actually,
this words is from basic words
that adopted or absorbed from
another language or because
reduplication in first syllable
that started by phoneme /p/.
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 the form of adopted:

o pravira (sansekerta)
(officer)
o pleister (holland)
(plaster)
o voorloper (holland)
(pioner)
o fatwah (arabic)
(advice)
the form of reduplication:
o paya
papaya
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(papaya)

perwira
pelester
pelopor
petuah

pepaya

The Variation of Prefix PENo

Variation

Phoneme

Basic Form

Example

pengajar
(teacher)
pepengiring
i
iring
(accompanist)
1.
pengurus
u
urus
(manager)
pengpengolah
o
olah
(processor)
* note: prefix pe- become peng-, if adhere to basic
form that started with letters a, i, u, e, o, k, g,
h, kh, like in the word ajar become pengajar.
Letter a assimilated to phoneme //.
a

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ajar*

pe-

pewarta
(correspondent)

warta

rawat perawat

pepe-

pen-

(nurse)

pendengar
dengar
(audience)
tari*

penari

(dancer)

* note: prefix pe- become pen-, if adhere to

basic form that started with letters d, t, c,
j, sy, z, like in the word tari become
penari. Letter t assimilated to
phoneme /n/.
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1 pe-

peny2 pepem3 pepenge-

s saya
* ng

penyayang
(merciful)

f fitna
* h

pemfitnah
(backstabber)

pengetik (shorthand
typist)
note: prefix pe- become peny-, If adhere with all of
the words started by letter s.
note: prefix pe- become pem-, if adhere to basic
form that started with letter b, p, f, v. Thats first
letter assimilated to phoneme /m/.
note: prefix pe- become penge-, if adhere to all of
basic form that has one syllable.

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* tik

Verb
lari

(run)

pelari
(runner)

bantu

(assist) pembantu
(assistant)

Adjective

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marah

(angry) pemarah

takut

(afraid) penakut
(coward)

Noun
musik
(music)

pemusik
(musician)

rokok
(cigarette)

perokok
(smoker)

Numerial
satu

(one)

penyatu

(bully)

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