LANDSCAPE

CONSERVATION
AR6009

LANDSCAPE AND
ECOLOGY

LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

WHAT IS LANDSCAPING?

Landscaping refers to any activity

that modifies the visible features
of an area of land, including:

Living elements- Flora and fauna

Natural elements- Landforms,

terrains, water bodies

Human elements- Structures,

buildings, fences, etc.

Abstract elements- Lighting,

weather, etc.

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THREATS TO LANDSCAPE
Accelerated climatic changes has magnifying impacts on water
and land resources, agricultural and biological diversities.
Unprecedented scale, pace and complexity of resource
management challenges Habitat loss, fragmentation, degradation
Invasive species
Contaminants
Hydrological impacts

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WHAT IS CONSERVATION LANDSCAPING?

Working with nature to reduce pollution, conservation landscaping
incorporates environmentally sensitive design, low impact
development, non-invasive native and beneficial plants, and
integrated pest management to create diverse landscapes that help
protect clean air and water, support wildlife, and provide a healthier
and more beautiful human environment.
Conservation landscaping supports clean air and water by:

Using plants that are adapted to local conditions and thus require
less fertilizer and pesticides

Trapping localized storm water on site with rain barrels and rain
gardens to ensure slow percolation and increased filtration of
nutrients entering the groundwater.

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Reducing the amount of smog released into the air and the amount
of atmospheric deposition of nutrients into our water by reducing
the amount of movable lawn area
Conservation landscaping supports wildlife by:

Providing a diverse plant environment that attracts greater animal

diversity and fosters healthier ecological communities

Creating migratory corridors of conjoined healthy ecological

communities.
Conservation landscaping supports a healthier and more
beautiful human environment by:

Reducing the amount of pollution entering the environment.

Demonstrating the beauty of well-maintained, natural landscaping.

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THE EIGHT ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

A conservation landscape:
1. Is designed to benefit the environment and function efficiently and
aesthetically for human use and well-being .
2. Uses locally native plants that are appropriate for site conditions.
3. Institutes a management plan for the removal of existing invasive
plants and the prevention of future nonnative plant invasions.
4. Provides habitat for wildlife.
5. Promotes healthy air quality and minimizes air pollution.
6. Conserves and cleans water.
7. Promotes healthy soils.
8. Is managed to conserve energy, reduce waste, and eliminate or
minimize the use of pesticides and fertilizers.

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METHODS TO CONSERVE LANDSCAPE

SOIL CONSERVATION IS A SET OF MANAGEMENT STRATERGIES FOR
PREVENTION OF SOIL BEING ERODED FROM THE EARTHS SURFACE OR
BECOMING CHEMICALLY ALTERED BY OVERUSE , ACIDIFICATION,
SALINIZATION, SOIL EROSION OR OTHER SOIL CONTAMINATION TO
RETAIN THE FERTILITY OF SOIL.
SOIL CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES:
TERRACE FARMING
BROAD FLAT STEPS OR TERRACES ARE MADE ON THE STEEP SLOPES SO
THE FLAT SURFACES ARE AVAILABLE TO GROW CROPS.THEY REDUCE
SURFACE RUN OFF AND SOIL EROSION.
THIS METHOD OF FARMING USES STEPS, CALLED ANDENE. ON EACH
ANDEN, VARIOUS CROPS ARE PLANTED, AND WHEN IT RAINS, INSTEAD
OF WASHING AWAY ALL OF THE NUTRIENT IN THE SOIL, THE
NUTRIENTS ARE CARRIED DOWN TO THE NEXT LEVEL.

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Terrace farming

INTER CROPPING
DIFFERENT CROPS ARE GROWN IN ALTERNATE
ROWS AND ARE SOWN AT DIFFERENT TIMES TO
PROTECT THE SOIL FROM RAIN WASH.
PLOUGHING PARALLEL TO THE COUNTOURS OF A
HILL SLOPE TO FORM A NATURAL BARRIER FOR
WATER TO FLOW DOWN THE SLOPE.
CONTOUR FARMING IS THE FARMING PRACTICE OF
PLOUGHING ACROSS A SLOPE FOLLOWING ITS
ELEVATION CONTOUR LINES.

Inter cropping

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CROP ROTATION
CROP ROTATION IS THE PRACTICE OF GROWING A
SERIES OF DISSIMILAR TYPES OF CROPS IN THE
SAME AREA IN SEQUENTIAL SEASONS.
A TRADITIONAL ELEMENT OF CROP ROTATION IS
THE REPLENISHMENT OF NITROGEN THROUGH
THE USE OF GREEN MANURE IN SEQUENCE WITH
CEREALS AND OTHER CROPS.
SHELTER BELT

Crop rotation

IN COASTAL AND DRY REGIONS,ROWS OF TREE

ARE PLANTED TO CHECK THE WIND MOVEMENT TO
PROTECT SOIL COVER. SHELTER BELT IS A
PLANTATION USUALLY MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE
ROWS OF TREES OR SHRUBS PLANTED IN A
MANNER SO AS TO PROVIDE SHELTER FROM THE
WIND AND TO PROTECT SOIL FROM EROSION.

Shelter belt

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MULCHING
THE BARE GROUND BETWEEN PLANTS IS COVERED WITH A LAYER OF
ORGANIC MATTER LIKE STRAW.IT HELPS TO RETAIN SOIL MOISTURE.
MULCHING OF SOIL WITH AVAILABLE PLANT RESIDUES REDUCE SOIL LOSS
CONSIDERABLY BY PROTECTING THE SOIL FROM DIRECT IMPACT OF
RAINDROP AND REDUCING THE SEDIMENT CARRIED WITH RUN OFF.
CONTOUR BARRIER
STONES, GRASS, SOIL ARE USED TO BUILD
BARRIERS ALONG CONTOURS.TRENCHES ARE
MADE IN FRONT OF THE BARRIERS TO
COLLECT WATER.
ROCK DAM
ROCKS ARE PILED UP TO SLOW DOWN THE
FLOW OF WATER. THIS PREVENTS GULLIES
AND FURTHER SOIL LOSS.

Rock Dam

Mulching

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WATER CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES:

RAIN WATER HARVESTING
A SYSTEM WHICH COLLECTS RAIN WATER
FROM THE ROOF OF A BUILDING AND
STORES IT FOR REUSE.
WATER COLLECTED IS THEN STORE IN A
TANK , BEFORE BEING PUMPED AROUND THE
BUILDING,AS AND WHEN REQUIRED.
GREY WATER RECYCLING
ANY WATER THAT HAS BEEN USED IN A
BUILDING EXCEPT WATER FROM TOILETS, IS
CALLED GREY WATER.
THIS MAY BE REUSED FOR OTHER PURPOSES ,
ESPECIALLY LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION.

LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
THE PROCESS OF CREATING AND IMPLEMENTING
PLANS,PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS TO SUSTAIN
AND ENHANCE WATERSHED FUNCTIONS THAT
AFFECT THE PLANT, ANIMAL AND HUMAN
COMMUNITIES WITHIN A WATERSHED
BOUNDARY.
LAND USE PLANNING
REFERS TO RATIONAL AND JUDICIOUS
APPROACH OF ALLOCATING AVAILABLE LAND
RESOURCES TO DIFFERENT LAND USING
ACTIVITIES AND FOR DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS
CONSISTENT WITH THE OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT GOAL OF A PARTICULAR CITY.

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CASE STUDY
MANHATTAN BEACH STRAND - Ocean Friendly Garden Principles
Ocean Friendly Gardens apply CPR:Conservation, Permeability, and
Retentionto revive our watersheds and oceans.
Conservationof water, energy, and habitat through climate-adapted
plants, spaced for mature growth.
Permeabilitythrough healthy, biologically active soil, and utilizing
materials for, or making a cut in, driveways, walkways, and patios that
allow water to percolate into the soil.
Retentiondevices like rain chains, rain barrels, and rain gardens retain
water in the soil for the dry seasons or save it to water vegetables,
preventing it from running off the property.

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Elements of this garden design include:

Climate appropriate plants: Plant palette to be exclusively
California Native plants. Plants will provide food and habitat for
native butterflies, birds, and bees.
Site Grading and Infiltration Areas: The soil of the site is to be
graded into subtle mounds and depressions, evocative of waves,
with massing of plants following the contour and accentuating
the grading. This manipulation of the ground plane allows for
rainwater to infiltrate locally, for use by plant root systems, as
well as percolate into the groundwater in the infiltration areas.
No surface runoff is to be directed to impermeable surfaces or
piped unfiltered into the ocean.

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Wood Mulch: Install 3-4 shredded bark mulch for water

conservation.
Healthy Soil: Biological testing and compost tea application for
living soil.
Boulders and Gravel: Local boulders, if possible.
Recycled Broken Concrete: To be obtained locally, if possible,
for use in retaining soil around infiltration areas.
Drip Irrigation: For application directly to each plant, reducing
evaporation and overspray.
Smart Controller: Determines ET rate and adjusts irrigation
volume and frequency accordingly.

THANK YOU
PRESENTED BY:
AKSHAY.G
ANITTA.J
ARSHITA NARAYAN
ASHWIN.S