Thermal Power plant

13ME11
13ME109

Problem: A simple Rankine cycle uses water as the working fluid. The boiler
operates at 5000 kPa and the condenser at 61 kPa. At the entrance to the
turbine, the temperature is 461C. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine
is 94 percent, pressure and pump losses are negligible, and the water
leaving the condenser is subcooled by 6.3C. The boiler is sized for a mass
flow rate of 20 kg/s. Determine the rate at which heat is added in the
boiler, the power required to operate the pumps, the net power produced
by the cycle, and the thermal efficiency.

Data:

P1 = 5000 kpa

T1 = 461oC

P2 = 61 kpa

Isentropic efficiency = 0.94

Mass Flow Rate = 20 kg/s

Tc = 6.3oC

At the boiler exit / turbine inlet corresponding to the 5000 kpa and 461 oC in the
super-heated region

h1 = 3.341 x 103 KJ/Kg

S1 = 6.845 KJ/Kg.K

At the turbine exit

S2 = S1

Corresponding to 61 kpa from saturated water / steam table

S2 = Sf2 + x2Sfg

x2 = ( S2 - Sf2 ) / Sfg

h2 = hf2 + x2hfg2

h2 = 2465 x 103

At the pump inlet

T3 = TSat 6.3

T Saturated Corresponding to the 61 KPa is 86.37

T3 = 86.37 6.3 = 80.7

Work done by pump

W = V (P1 P2)

Specific Volume Corresponding to the 61 KPa and 80.7 condensing

temperature, from the subcooled water table

W = 0.00109 (5000 61)

W = 5.157 Watt

Apply energy balance on pump

h2 corresponding to the 61 KPa and 80.7 temperature

h2 + Wp = h3

h3 = 335246 + 5.175 = 335252 J/Kg

Work done by boiler

W = m (h1 - h3) = 60120 x 103

Work done by turbine

W = m (h1 h2) = 17520 x 103 KJ/Kg

Net work Done

Wnet = WT - WP = 17520 x 103 KJ/Kg

Design of the cycle on the basis of

pinch point technology
Pinch point is the minimum temperature difference
between the two points of the working fluid and the
primary fluid. The less is the pinch point temperature
the more will be the efficiency of cycle but costly
turbine is required and the overall temperature
difference will also be less.

Pinch Point Temperature

TPinch = Ta - Tb

If primary fluid operates at 10000 KPa

From super-heated table corresponding to 10000 KPa temperature is 311 oC

So corresponding to 5000 KPa from saturated steam table temperature is 264 oC

TPinch = Ta - Tb = 311 264 = 47oC

If we increase the pressure of working fluid corresponding saturated temperature

will increase.

At 5010 KPa saturated temperature is 264.1oC

TPinch = Ta - Tb1 = 311 264.1 = 46.93oC

At 5020 KPa saturated temperature is 264.2oC

TPinch = Ta - Tb2 = 311 264.2 = 46.8oC

Conclusion
From

above its concluded that as the pressure of

working fluid increases its corresponding
saturated temperature increases and hence its
corresponding enthalpy also increases yet its
pinch point temperature decreases. As a result of
which enthalpy difference between working fluid
and primary fluid decreases.