UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
LEARNING AND BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION

GROUP THREE
ISSAH ALHASSAN BAAKO
MOHAMMED ABU SHAIBU
MUNKAILA ZAKARIA
ALHASSAN HABAB DANDAWA

INTRODUCTION
Learning can be described as relatively
permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a
result of experience or reinforced practice.
Learning involves a change in behavior
The behavioural change must be relatively
permanent
The behavioural change must be based on
some form of practice or experience

Components of the learning

Drive: any strong stimulus that propels an action. They
can be either physiological or psychological
Cue stimuli: factors that exist in the environment as
perceived by the individual
Responses: they are the reactions to stimuli
Reinforcement :they are the environmental events
affecting the probability of occurrence of responses with
which they are associated.
Retention: The stability of learned behavior over time.
Contrary to this term is forgetting.

Learning Theories
Classical conditioning: Behaviour can be
learnt by a repetitive association between
stimuli and responses
Operant conditioning: this suggests that
individuals emit responses that are either
not rewarded or punished. Positive
reinforcement, negative reinforcement,
extinction and punishment.

Observational learning
Observational learning: results from watching
the behavior of another person and appraising
the consequences of that behavior
Cognitive learning: knowing the relationship
between events. This is normally done in the
classroom