ITC561

Cloud Computing
Cloud Basics
Week 1
Dr Peter White

Agenda
Subject administration
Introduction

Peter White, 2016

Subject Administration

Lectures /tutorials
Thursday nights 19:00 to 21:00 (7:00pm to 9:00pm)
All lectures are recorded
A tutorial/discussion session will follow immediately after
the lecture.

Contact me:
Email pewhite@csu.edu.au (put ITC561in the subject line)
ITC561 Discussion board(I usually check the board at least
once a day)

#ITC561 to join the conversation or check for

interesting new articles

Peter White, 2016

Assignments

Assignment 1, due 13 March 2016 (5%):

Online quiz on Cloud basics and technology

Assignment 2, due 27 March 2016 (15%):

Short answer questions on concepts and models

Assignment 3, due 01 May 2016 (20%):

Security and Risk Management scenario based on a
Case study

Assignment 4, due 22 May 2016 (20%):

Management and SLAs

Final Exam, date to be advised (40%)

All topics
Peter White, 2016

Introduction

Cloud Computing
what is it?
Stephen Fry says that
Cloud Computing is
really Utility
Computing and
therefore we are
moving into a new
computing era.
Is that the case?

Peter White, 2016

Origins

Erl traces the idea of utility computing back to

McCarthy in 1961,
computers of they future someday be organised as a
public utility, just as the telephone system (Erl, Mahmood, &
Puttini, 2013, p.26)

Then Kleinrock in 1969 again saw the idea of

computer networks are still in their infancy, but as they
growwe will probably see the spread of computer
utilities (Erl, Mahmood, & Puttini, 2013, p.26)

The first time the public saw the use of Cloud was
the introduction of search engines in 1993 (Lycos,
AltaVista, InfoSeek) and web-based email in
1994 (WebMail, WWW Mail, Webex, EMUMail)
Peter White, 2016

Origins

Hotmail (1996) really started more widespread Cloud

usage
But, it was recognised as Internet Mail and many people
regarded it as a utility service(!)
The term Network Cloud was popular in the mid1990s and was pushed heavily by Scott McNeally of
Sun Microsystems as network computing
The term Cloud came essentially from telecoms that
used packet-switching technologies to balance traffic
and server use.
The term Cloud was used to denote the demarcation
point between the telecoms and the users
responsibilities
Peter White, 2016

Concepts

Cloud:
A distinct IT environment designed for
provisioning scalable and measured IT resources

IT Resource:
A physical, or virtual IT artefact that can be either
software-based (VM, software application, SDN,
etc.), or hardware-based (server, router, storage
array, etc.

On-Premise:
An IT resource located on the Enterprises
premises, or within its internal network

Peter White, 2016

Concepts

Scaling:
Horizontal scaling adding (or subtracting) the
same type of resources referred to as scaling out
or scaling in;
Vertical scaling adding (or subtracting) resources
of a higher (or lower) capacity referred to as
scaling up or scaling down;
Horizontal scaling is more common in a cloud
environment. Why?

Cloud Service:
A Cloud Service is any IT Resource that is made
remotely available via a cloud
Peter White, 2016

Definitions

The NIST definition of Cloud Computing is:

Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous,
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared
pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.,
networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction.
This cloud model promotes availability and is
composed of five essential characteristics, three
service models, and four deployment models. (Mell
& Grance, 2011, p.6)
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Definitions

But, ISO/IEC 17788:2014(E) defines Cloud

computing as:
Cloud computing is a paradigm for enabling
network access to a scalable and elastic pool of
shareable physical or virtual resources with selfservice provisioning and administration on-demand.
The cloud computing paradigm is composed of
key characteristics, cloud computing roles and
activities, cloud capabilities types and cloud
service categories, cloud deployment models
and cloud computing cross cutting aspects
ISO. (2014). ISO/IEC 17788:2014 Information technology - Cloud computing - Overview and vocabulary. Geneva: ISO.

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NIST Cloud Model

Mell, P., & Grance, T. (2011). The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing.
Gaithersburg, MD, USA: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Retrieved from
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-145/Draft-SP-800-145_cloud-definit
ion.pdf
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.

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Essential Characteristics

Mell and Grance go on to define the

essential characteristics of a Cloud as:
On-demand self-service.
A consumer can unilaterally provision computing
capabilities, such as server time and network
storage, as needed automatically without requiring
human interaction with each services provider.

Broad network access.

Capabilities are available over the network and
accessed through standard mechanisms that
promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client
platforms
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Essential Characteristics
Resource pooling.
The providers computing resources are pooled to serve
multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with
different physical and virtual resources dynamically
assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand.

Rapid elasticity.
Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in
some cases automatically, to quickly scale out, and
rapidly released to quickly scale in.

Measured Service.
Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource
use by leveraging a metering capability1 at some level of
abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage,
processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts)

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Service models

Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS).

The capability provided to the consumer is to use the
providers applications running on a cloud infrastructure.

Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS).

The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the
cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired
applications created using programming languages and tools
supported by the provider.

Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

The capability provided to the consumer is to provision
processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental
computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy
and run arbitrary software, which can include operating
systems and applications.

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Deployment models

Private cloud.
The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be
managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on premise or off
premise.

Community cloud.
The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a
specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security
requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by
the organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.

Public cloud.
The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large
industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services.

Hybrid cloud.
The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private,
community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by
standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application
portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds).

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So, why go into the Cloud?

Business drivers:
Costs:
Physical infrastructure
Operational overheads (power, environment, etc.)
Licencing
Acquisition costs infrastructure, software, licences,
maintenance, training, deployment
Porting, integration and testing costs

Data

Storage infrastructure
Backup and archiving
Recovery
Transition to new platforms

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So, why go into the Cloud?

Business drivers, continued:

Capacity planning & roadmaps
Which strategy does the enterprise use:
Lead add capacity in anticipation of demand
Lag add additional capacity when resource reaches full
capacity
Match add capacity in small increments as demand
requires

Whats the roadmap:

Continue with existing infrastructure?
Upgrade existing infrastructure? (To what? When?)
Acquire new infrastructure Fit for purpose? Data
migration?

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So, why go into the Cloud?

Business drivers, continued:

Enterprise Agility:
Can the enterprise face the challenge of change and
successfully continue?
How quick can the enterprise meet new challenges?
Can it afford to increase its capital outlay for
additional infrastructure?

These questions can help to determine an

enterprise strategy

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What does the Enterprise

get?

Some common enterprise aims:

Cost reduction, particularly CAPEX

Green IT credentials
Enhanced enterprise agility
Improved resource utilisation
Improved reliability, including HA and DR
Improved economies of scale

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But

There are always some challenges:

Information Security issues

Privacy issues
Compliance and legal issues
Portability issues
Governance issues
Social issues (reputational loss, etc.)

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Questions?

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Tasks

Essential reading:
Erl, Chapter 3: Understanding Cloud Computing
Read the three papers listed in Topic 1.
Watch the NIST and the Introduction to Cloud
Computing videos in Topic 1

Start looking at next weeks topic:

Erl, Chapter 5: Cloud Enabling Technology

Assignment 1 (online quiz) due 13 March!

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