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Carbon is an element
made up of only
carbon atoms.
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proton
neutron
electron
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Mass
Charge
proton
+1
neutron
electron
almost 0
-1
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11
iron
26
tin
50
fluorine
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Protons
Neutrons
Mass
number
hydrogen
lithium
aluminium
13
14
27
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Atoms
Protons
Neutrons
helium
copper
29
35
64
cobalt
27
32
59
iodine
53
74
127
germanium
32
41
73
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Atoms
Mass number
Atomic number
helium
fluorine
19
10
strontium
88
38
50
zirconium
91
40
51
uranium
238
92
146
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Building a nucleus
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Atoms
helium
copper
29
35
29
iodine
53
74
53
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Which element?
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What is an isotope?
Elements are made up of one type of atom, but there can
be slightly different forms of the atoms in an element.
Although atoms of the same element always have the
same number of protons, they may have different numbers
of neutrons.
Atoms that differ in this way are called isotopes.
For example, two isotopes of carbon:
mass number
is different
atomic number
is the same
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6 protons
7 neutrons
6 electrons
6 protons
8 neutrons
6 electrons
Properties of isotopes
The isotopes of an element are virtually identical in their
chemical reactions.
This is because they
have the same
number of protons
and the same
number of electrons.
The uncharged neutrons make little difference to chemical
properties but do affect physical properties such as melting
point and density.
Natural samples of elements are often a mixture of isotopes.
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deuterium
1 proton
1 neutrons
1 electron
tritium
1 proton
2 neutrons
1 electron
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17 protons
17 protons
18 neutrons
20 neutrons
17 electrons
17 electrons
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Glossary (1/2)
atom The smallest particle that can exist on its own.
atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus
of an atom, also known as the proton number.
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Glossary (2/2)
nucleus The dense, positively charged centre of an
atom, made up of protons and neutrons.
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Anagrams
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Multiple-choice quiz
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