:Presented by

Group A

For an infection to
develop, each link of the
chain must be connected.
Breaking any link of the
chain can stop the
! transmission of infection

Infectious pathogens and diseases which -1

.may infect patient through dentistry
.Reservoir of these pathogens-2
.portal of exit-3
.mode of transmission-4
.portal of entry-5
.susceptible host-6
How can we break any link of the chain - 7
which will prevent transmission of the
?infective pathogen

:- Def
Any microorganism that can cause a disease
such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or
.fungus
Reasons that the organism will cause an infection
are: virulence (ability to multiply and grow)

invasiveness (ability to enter tissue)

.pathogenicity (ability to cause disease)

Several bacteria can transmit from

patient to dentist causing disease
if it have the three previous factors
in addition to the inoculum dose
(infective dose) which means the
minimal number of bacterial cells
sufficient for disease production,
. under normal host conditions

.Brucella SP-1
.Bacillus cereus- 2
.VibriO SP-3
.Clostridium botulinum-4
.Campylobacter sp-5
.Yersinia enterocolitica-5
-Mycobacterium sp. 6
-Streptococcus sp. 7
.Mycoplasma pneumoniae-8

.Legionella sp-9
.s.aureus-10

Mumps virus transmission y saliva

Virsuses like hepatitis B and C viruses can also

transmitted through dental instrument
contaminated with blood whish is infected by
.these viruses

.Like candida and candida species

4 most common species of genus Candida that
cause disease are:
C. albicans (in 90-100% of clinical
specimens)
C. glabrata
(in < 10%)
C. parapsilosis (in < 10%)
C. tropicalis
(in < 10%)

The place where the

microorganism resides,
thrives, and reproduces, i.e.,
food, water, toilet seat,
elevator buttons, human
.feces, respiratory secretions

The place where the

organism leaves the
reservoir, such as the
respiratory tract (nose,
mouth), intestinal tract
(rectum), urinary tract, or
.blood and other body fluids

The means by which an organism

transfers from one carrier to another
by either direct transmission (direct
contact between infectious host and
susceptible host) or indirect
transmission (which involves an
intermediate carrier like an
environmental surface or piece of
.medical equipment)

The opening where an infectious disease

enters the hosts body such as mucus
membranes, open wound

The person who is at risk for developing an

infection from the disease. Several factors
make a person more susceptible to disease
including age (young people and elderly
people generally are more at risk), underlying
chronic diseases such as diabetes or asthma,
conditions that weaken the immune system
like HIV, certain types of medications, invasive
.devices like feeding tubes, and malnutrition