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ADAPTATION
Sources of stressors
Internal e.g. illness, abnormal change, or
fear
External e.g. noise, cold environment,
death, move
Physiologic Homeostasis
Local Adaptation System (LAS) involves only
one specific body part
Reflex pain response
Inflammatory response
Alarm Reaction
Person perceives stressor, defense
mechanisms activated
Fight-or-flight response
Hormone levels rise, body prepares to react
Shock and counter-shock phases (1 min 24 hrs)
Resistance
Body attempts to adapt to stressor.
Vital signs, hormone levels, and energy
production return to normal.
Body regains homeostasis or adaptive
mechanisms fail.
Exhaustion
Results when adaptive mechanisms are
exhausted
Body either rests and mobilizes its
defenses to return to normal or dies
Depression
Anger
Anxiety (most common)
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Panic
Coping Mechanisms
Sources of stress
Types of stressors experienced
Personal factors
Categories of Stress
Developmental stress
Occurs when person progresses through stages
of growth and development
E.g.
Situational stress
Does not occur in predictable patterns
E.g.
Types of Stressors
Physiological
Chemical agents, physical agents, infectious
agents, nutritional imbalances, hypoxia, genetic
or immune disorders
Psychosocial
Includes real and perceived threats
Relaxation
Meditation
Anticipatory guidance
Guided imagery
Biofeedback
Crisis intervention
Crisis Intervention
Crisis: is a disturbance caused by a
precipitating event such as a perceived loss,
a threat of loss, or a challenge, that is
perceived as a threat to self.
Crisis Intervention
Identify the problem
List alternatives
Choose from alternatives
Implement the plan
Evaluate the outcome