Open end spinning or open-end spinning

is a technology for creating yarn without

using a spindle
It is also known as break spinning or rotor
spinning.
In this process the fiber sliver is separated
into single fibers and in which the
separated fiber material is brought by an
air stream to a collecting surface from
which it is drawn off while being twisted

In all other spinning processes, an uninterrupted stream of fibers proceeds

continuously, but with gradual attenuation, from the feedstock to the takeup package. In open-end spinning, this flow of fibers is interrupted, the
fiber strand being opened into individual fibers at a predetermined
position, usually by means of an opening roller, followed by airborne
fiber transport. This interruption or break in the fiber flow is physically
achieved by increasing fiber speed locally to very high levels (up to 100
m/s), so that according to the equation of continuity the number of
fibers in the cross-section drops to such low values that the fibers lose
contact with each other.

This enables twist to be imparted merely by

rotation of the yarn end, which in turn leads to
a significantly higher potential rotation speed.
However, the break in fiber flow also leads
directly to one of the most important and
difficult tasks in open-end spinning, namely to
control the configuration of the individual
fibers, airborne at high speed, and the need to
re-collect these fibers without losing their
elongated configuration, which is essential to
the formation of a new fiber strand. This very
tricky problem of open-end spinning can be
dealt with schematically as shown

 The fiber material is deposited on a collecting

surface moving in the direction of thread draw-off, is
then twisted and is continuously drawn off said
collecting surface in form of a thread
The single fibers are fed upon the collecting surface
in the direction of said collecting surface's
movement, whereby an alignment of the fibers on
the collecting surface takes place.

Rotor

Yarn Package

Feed Roll

Transport
Air Channel

Sliver
Condenser
V
df
,M
f

Sliver

Combing Roll
Trash

Feed Plate

 In conventional spinning ,the fiber supply is reduced

to the required mass per unit length by drafting &
then consolidated into a yarn by the application of
twist.
There is no opportunity for the internal stresses
created in the fibers during drafting to relax
In open end spinning, the fiber supply is reduced, as
far as possible , to individual fibers, which are then
carried forward on an air-stream as free fibers.

Contd.
This permits internal stresses to be relaxed & gives
rise to the term free fiber spinning
This enables twist to be imparted by rotation of the
yarn end.
These fibers are then progressively attached to the
tail or open end of already formed rotating yarn.
Thus the continuously formed yarn has only to be
withdrawn & taken up on a cross-wound package

 There is no roving stage or re-packaging on an

auto-coner.
This system is much less labour intensive and faster
than ring spinning with rotor speeds up to
140,000rpm.
Typical yarn count range: 6s to 30s
Fibers: (1) Fine (2) Strong

 With open end spinning the yarn has

individual fibers that are not arranged
as uniformly as in wrap or ring spun
yarns.
Most of the fibers are generally
parallel, but with lots of crisscrossing,
while some fiber irregularly wraps
around the main bundle.

 The disadvantage of open-end spinning is that it is

limited to coarse counts.
Consequently cloth made from open-end yarn
having a 'fuzzier' feel and poorer wear resistance.