3G

NOKIA

3G

WCDMA
TD-SCDMA

NOKIA

3G
3G
3rd Generation mobile telecommunication

1985 ITU

TG8/1 FPLMTS(
).
FPLMTS 1996 ITU
1996 IMT-2000(
2000) 2000
2000MHz 2000Kbit/s

NOKIA

3G
WCDMA

NTT DoCoMo
WCDMA
WCDMA

CDMA2000

CDMA2000 IS-95

TD-SCDMA

NOKIA

 3G
WCDMA

TD-SCDMA

CDMA2000

5MHz

1.6MHz

1.25MHz

3.84Mc/s

1.28Mc/s

1.2288Mc/s

10ms

10ms 20ms

0200Hz
1500Hz

800Hz

NOKIA

GPS


WCDMA

TD-SCDMA

CDMA2000

DwPCH UpPC
H

Turbo

Turbo

Turbo

NOKIA

3G
3GPP
3rd Generation partnership project(produces WCDMA
standard)
WCDMA
TD-SCDMA TDD
3GPP2
3rd Generation partnership project(produces
CDMA2000 standard)
2 CDMA2000

NOKIA

3G

AMR12.2K

CS64K

2Mbit/s

384Kbit/s

128Kbit/s

144Kbit/s

64Kbit/s

MMS
:

NOKIA

384Kbit/s

NOKIA

3G

WCDMA
TD-SCDMA

10

NOKIA

WCDMA
WCDMA
UTRAN

11

NOKIA

UMTS
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Uu

UE

Iu

UTRAN

UE: User Equipment

UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
CN: Core Network
12

NOKIA

CN

WCDMA
WCDMA
3GPP TS 23.101

USIM(UMTS )

USIM
USIM (UMTS )

13

NOKIA

PSTN ISDN Inter/Intranet X.25

14

NOKIA

WCDMA

15

NOKIA

PLMN
Uu

Iu
Node B

USIM
Cu
ME

Node B
Iub
Node B

RNC
Iu
r

16

NOKIA

GMSC

SGSN
UTRAN

PSTN

HLR

RNC

Node B
UE

MSC/
VLR

GGSN
CN

Internet


UE
ME Uu
USIM UMTS

UTRAN
Node B Iub Uu
Node B 3GPP
RNC
Node B RNC UTRAN CN
UE

17

NOKIA

CN
HLR

UE HLR MSC/VLR /
SGSN UE
MSC/VLR /
UE CS MSC
VLR MSC
VLR UE
MSC/VLR
CS
18

NOKIA

 GMSC UMTS PLMN

CS CS
GMSC
SGSN GPRS
MSC/VLR PS
SGSN PS
GGSN GPRS GMSC
PS

CS
ISDN PSTN CS
PS Internet PS
19

NOKIA


UMTS

Cu USIM ME

Uu WCDMA Uu UE
UMTS
UE
Iu UTRAN CN GSM
A Gb Iu
UMTS
UTRAN CN GSM

20

NOKIA

 Iur RNC Iu

Iub Node B RNC UMTS

Iub
Node
B

21

NOKIA

WCDMA
WCDMA 3GPP TS 23.002

R99

3GPP TS 23.002 V3.4.0, 2000-12

R4

3GPP TS 23.002 V4.2.0, 2001-4

R5

3GPP TS 23.002 V5.2.0, 2001-4

R Release

22

NOKIA

3GPP 98 99 3G
R99 1999
2000 3

R99
R2000 R4 R5
R6 R7... R99
R4 R99
R4 R4 R5
R4 R5
R4 2001 3 R5 2001
12
23

NOKIA

 PS
CS
R4 (G)MSC
(G)MSCServer MGW RSGW HLR HSS
R5 IMS IP
HSS HLR

24

NOKIA

R99

25

NOKIA

R99

26

NOKIA

27

NOKIA

UMTS and GSM Network

Architecture
Towards external
PSTN/CS domain

Towards external
IP/CS domain

Gi

PSTN

GMSC

GGSN

AuC
C
PSTN

HLR

PSTN

VLR

Gr

Gf
Gs

MSC

Gn

EIR
F

Gc

VLR

SGSN

MSC

Gp

CNdomain
A

Gb

IuPS

IuCS

A N d o m a in

BSS
BSC
Abis

BTS

Iubis

BTS

NodeB

cell

Um

Uu

SIMMEi/f

SIM

or

Cu

USIM

MSorUEdomain

NOKIA

NodeB
U T R A N o rR N S

ME

28

Iur

RNC

RNC

R4

29

NOKIA

R4

30

NOKIA

31

NOKIA

R5

32

NOKIA

R5 IMS

33

NOKIA

HSS

34

NOKIA

HSS

35

NOKIA

WCDMA
WCDMA
UTRAN

36

NOKIA

UTRAN
UTRAN
UTRAN
UTRAN

37

NOKIA

UTRAN Architecture
Core Network
Iu

UTRAN

Iu

RNS

RNS
Iur

RNC
Iub
Node B

38

NOKIA

RNC

Iub

Iub

Node B

Node B

Iub
Node B

UTRAN
UTRAN
UTRAN
UTRAN

39

NOKIA

UE

USIM SIM
USIM
USIM

USIM
SMS
USIM

40

NOKIA

PLMN HPLMN

PLMN

41

NOKIA

 ME
Node B RNC

CDMA

42

NOKIA

UE

43

NOKIA

NodeB
Node B UMTS
Node B (omni)
(sector) UMTS Node B 6
(60) UMTS
UE (
SDMA)
Node B (
) (
)
Node B RNC

CDMA

44

NOKIA

Node B Node B

Node B

45

NOKIA

Node B

46

NOKIA

RNC
RNC Node B
RNC (CN) Node B RNC Iu, Iub
Iur
RNC (RRM)
CN RRM
RNC


/



47

NOKIA

48

NOKIA

RNC

49

NOKIA

 RNC

RNC(Radio Network Controller) UTRAN

UTRAN
( RNC )
RNC

50

NOKIA

 RNC
RNC (C-RNC)
C-RNC C-RNC
Node B RNC RNC

UL DL

/




51

NOKIA


C RNC Node B RNC
Node B Iub
RNC

52

NOKIA

C-RNC

53

NOKIA

C-RNC

54

NOKIA

 RNC
UTRAN
UTRAN UE RNC
RNC RNC (S-RNC) RNC
UE S-RNC RNC
UTRAN
S RNC
S-RNC UE CN Iu
S-RNC UE
/

2

55

NOKIA

SRNC Iu
RNC
RANAP /
SRNC RRC (UE UTRAN )
/ 2
UE
56

NOKIA

SRNC

57

NOKIA

SRNC

58

NOKIA

 RNC
UMTS UE
S-RNC UE
S-RNC RNC RNC
RNC(D-RNC) D-RNC UE
C-RNC S-RNC D-RNC S-RNC
C-RNC
D-RNC UE UE-UTRAN
UE-CN S-RNC
S-RNC D-RNC( )
UE
(RAKE ) S-RNC
D-RNC S-RNC
S-RNC S-RNC

59

NOKIA

 D-RNC D-RNC S-RNC Iur

Iur D-RNC

SRNC RNC
RNC DRNC
DRNC 2
Iub Iur UE
DRNC UE UTRAN

60

NOKIA

DRNC

61

NOKIA

UTRAN UTRAN

62

NOKIA

UTRAN
UTRAN
UTRAN
UTRAN

63

NOKIA

Iub

Iur

64

NOKIA

UTRAN TS25.401

65

NOKIA

66

NOKIA

67

NOKIA

 ATM

68

NOKIA

ATM AAL

69

NOKIA

70

NOKIA

71

NOKIA

Node B NBAP

72

NOKIA

NBAP

73

NOKIA

74

NOKIA

75

NOKIA

RNSAP

76

NOKIA

RNSAP

77

NOKIA

78

NOKIA

RANAP

79

NOKIA

UTRAN

80

NOKIA

UTRAN

81

NOKIA

 Iub&Iur

82

NOKIA

Iu

83

NOKIA

UTRAN

84

NOKIA

WCDMA
WCDMA
UTRAN

85

NOKIA

86

NOKIA

CDMA

...

87

NOKIA

Direct Signal

Reflected Signal

Combined Signal

88

NOKIA

dB

89

0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40

NOKIA

Power

Power
f

90

NOKIA

91

NOKIA

WCDMA

DPCH

SIR

92

NOKIA

RNC

Node B

FER

93

NOKIA

FER

94

NOKIA


Node B

Preamble_Init_Power =
CPICH_Tx_Power CPICH_RSCP + UL_interference + UL_required_CI

95

CPICH_Tx_Power
SIB5/6->PRACH sys info list->P-CPICH Tx Power
CPICH_RSCP:
CPICH_Tx_Power CPICH_RSCP:
UL_interference:
SIB7
UL_required_CI: ,
SIB5/6->PRACH sys info list->Constant value
PCPCH

NOKIA

0.67ms
1500Hz
SIR SIR SIR

0.5dB 2dB
1dB SIR

96

NOKIA

BTS

SNR

0.67 ms 1500

97

NOKIA

TTI TTI 20ms 80ms

CRC
BLER
SIR
SIR

98

NOKIA

RNC

Node B

99

NOKIA

FER

PN 0
AMI
CDMA

100

NOKIA



UE
UE NodeB NodeB
UE UE CDMA

UE

101

NOKIA

102

NOKIA

103

NOKIA

WCDMA

WCDMA

NodeB

RNC

104

NOKIA

NodeB ( )
RNC
NodeB
C
Iub
A

105

NOKIA

RNC NodeB
RNC
NodeB2

NodeB1
C

106

NOKIA

Iub

Iub
B

RNC
RNC1

RNC2

Iur

NodeB2

NodeB1
Iub

107

NOKIA

Iub

WCDMA

RNC

NodeB

UE

108

NOKIA

109

RAKE finger

NOKIA

UE

Active Set

Monitored Set

Detected Set

110

NOKIA

RNC UE

UE

WCDMA

Ec/Io

1
Reporting_range

Reporting_range

Reporting_range

2

3

1 2
2 3
1

111

Note:

NOKIA

1A
2

1C
1B
3 1 1


Pilot_Ec/Io >Best_Pilot_Ec/Io
Reporting_range Hysteresis_event1A,
UE Event1A(
1A)
Ec/Io pilot_Ec/Io <Best_Pilot_Ec/Io
Reporting_range Hysteresis_event1B, UE
Event1B( 1B)

Ec/Io Best_candidate_Pilot_Ec/Io
>Worst_Old_Pilot_Ec/Io Hysteresis_event1C,

Event1C( 1C)

112

NOKIA


Reporting_range( )
Hysteresis_event1A( 1A)
Hysteresis_event1B( 1B)
Hysteresis_event1C( 1C)
Reporting_range Hysteresis_event1A
Reporting_range Hysteresis_event1B

Best_Pilot_Ec/Io( Ec/Io) Ec/Io

Worst_Old_Pilot_Ec/Io( Ec/Io)

Best_candidate_Pilot_ Ec/Io Ec/Io

Ec/Io
Pilot_ Ec/Io _ Ec/Io
113

NOKIA

3Gpp
1A~1F
2A~2F
3A~3D

114

NOKIA

RNC
RNC1

RNC2
NodeB2

NodeB1
Iub

Iub

2
A

115

NOKIA

WCDMA GSM

RNC

BSC
BTS

NodeB
Iub

Iub

2
A

WCDMA

116

NOKIA

GSM


10ms

1 10ms

7 =4.7ms

UE GSM1800
UE 1900MHz 1800MHz GSM
117

NOKIA

118

NOKIA

WCDMA
WCDMA

Wc / R
PG
M 1
1
Eb / N 0
SNR

119

NOKIA

WCDMA
WCDMA

120

NOKIA

WCDMA

121

WCDMA

8kbps 144kbps

NOKIA

WCDMA

=
=
=
122

NOKIA

WCDMA

...

X
123

NOKIA

+ Y

+Z

124

NOKIA

125

NOKIA

RAB RL

QoS

126

NOKIA


CAC WCDMA

WCDMA
TDMA FDMA
:
;
.

127

NOKIA


Itotal_old+jI > jIthreshold

Iown-cell

(Received Total Wide Power)

128

NOKIA

Iother-cell
~
N0

129

NOKIA


Ptotal_old+P>=Pthreshold

, Node B RNC

130

NOKIA

131

NOKIA

132

NOKIA

133

NOKIA

 &
Node B
(RTWP)
Node B
(TCP)
NodeB RNC

134

NOKIA

100

0
135

NOKIA

1
2

1
2
3
UE
4
5
6

1
2

136

NOKIA

137

NOKIA


:
WCDMA

Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor-OVSF

RNC
RNC

:
CRNC RRC

138

NOKIA

OVSF

139

NOKIA


1.

2.

SF=8
SF=16

SF=32

140

NOKIA

141

NOKIA

S F =4

S F =8
S F = 16
S F = 32
0

9 10

11 12 13

14

15

S F =4
S F =8
S F = 16
S F = 32
16

142

NOKIA

17 18 19

20

21 22

23

24

25 26

27 28 29

30

31

WCDMA
WCDMA
UTRAN

143

NOKIA

UMTS

144

NOKIA

RRC DCH

145

NOKIA

RRC (DCH)

146

NOKIA

 SGSN RUP

147

NOKIA

148

NOKIA

MTC CS

149

NOKIA

150

NOKIA

151

NOKIA

RNC

152

NOKIA

153

NOKIA

SRNS

154

NOKIA

155

NOKIA

 : UTRAN - GSM/BSS

156

NOKIA

3G

WCDMA
TD-SCDMA

157

NOKIA

TD-SCDMA

158

NOKIA

159

NOKIA


DTCH

DCCH

DCCH

MAC-d

MAC-d

PHY-upper

PHY

PHY

UE

PHY

Uu

NOKIA

PHY

DchFP

DchFP

DchFP

DchFP

AAL2

AAL2

AAL2

AAL2

ATM

ATM

ATM

ATM

NodeB

TD-SCDMA Uu

160

DTCH

Iub

CRNC

Iur

SRNC


Layer 3

Layer 1

161

NOKIA

C o n tro l / M e a su re m e n ts

Layer 2

Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Logical channels
Medium
(MAC)

Access

Physical layer

Control
Transport channels

TD-SCDMA
DS-CDMA/TDMA
:1.28Mcps(WCDMA 1/3)
TDD
1.6M Hz
OVSF
QPSK,8PSK
1/2~1/3 Turbo

162

NOKIA

TD-SCDMA

3 :
G
DwPTS
UpPTS

TS0:
TS1:
TS: /

Multi frame
Radio frame
10ms
5ms
Sub-frame

DwPTS

TS0

UpPTS
TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6

L1

Data

Midamble
144chips
675us

163

NOKIA

Data

 (TS)
Data
352chips

Midamble
144chips
675 s

164

: 864 Chips (675us)

: 352 Chips/each,

Midamble: 144 Chips,

GP: 16 Chips,

Beamforming

NOKIA

Data
352chips

GP
16

 (DwPTS)

GP (32chips)

SYNC_DL(64chips)
75 s

165

: 96 Chips (75us) (32chips guard, 64chips SYNC_DL code)

32 SYNC_DL 32

, beamforming

NOKIA

 (GP)
: 96 Chips (75us)
: /

166

: DwPTS

: UpPTS

NOKIA

 (UpPTS)
SYNC_UL(128chips)

GP (32chips)

125 s

167

: , ,

: 160 Chips (128chips SYNC_UL code, 32chips guard)

256 SYNC_UL 32

Beamforming

NOKIA

 (Midamble)
: 144Chips
128 midamble 32
:

168

NOKIA

1 st part of TFCI code word

Data symbols

TPC symbols
3
SS symbols
2 nd part of TFCI code word

Midamble

Data symbols

G
P

Sub-frame 5ms
Radio Frame 10ms

NOKIA

Midamble

Time slot x (864 Chips)

Sub-frame 5ms

169

TPC symbols
part of TFCI code word
SS symbols
4 th part of TFCI code word

Data symbols

Time slot x (864 Chips)

TFCI TPC SS

rd

Data symbols

G
P


( RLC MAC )
(CCH)
(TCH)
( MAC L1 )
(DCH)


(DPCH)

170

NOKIA

 (TrCH)
(DCH)

171

(BCH)
(FACH)
(PCH)
(RACH)
(USCH)
(DSCH)

NOKIA

 (TrCH)

(BCH)
(FACH) UE UE

(PCH) UE UE

(RACH) UE

(USCH) UE

(DSCH) UE

172

NOKIA

 (PhyCH)
(DPCH)

173

NOKIA

(P-CCPCH)
(S-CCPCH)
(FPACH)
(PRACH)
(PICH)
(DwPCH)
(UpPCH)
(PUSCH)
(PDSCH)

DCH
BCH
PCH
FACH
RACH
USCH
DSCH

174

NOKIA

l (DPCH)
(P-CCPCH)
(S-CCPCH)
(S-CCPCH)
(PICH)
(PRACH)
(PUSCH)
(PDSCH)
(DwPCH)
(UpPCH)
FPACH

BCH
PCH

1/3
1/3, 1/2

RACH
DCH, DSCH,
FACH, USCH

1/2
1/3, 1/2
1/3

Turbo

175

NOKIA

176

NOKIA

CRC

BCH

177

NOKIA


cos(t)

Complex-valued
chip sequence

Split
real &
imag.
parts

Re{S}

Pulseshaping

Im{S}

Pulseshaping
-sin(t)

TD-SCDMA QPSK 8PSK (2Mbps service)

178

NOKIA


CDMA TD-SCDMA OVSF

1,2,4,8,16
1 16
16chips 128 32

179

NOKIA

OVSF

( k 1)
Q 2

(1,1)

c Q( k22 ) (1, 1)

180

NOKIA

c Q( k42 ) (1,1, 1, 1)

c Q( k11) (1)

Q=1

c ( k41) (1,1,1,1)

Q=2

c Q( k43 ) (1, 1,1, 1)

c Q( k44 ) (1, 1, 1,1)
Q=4


Code
Group
Group
1

Group
2

Associated Codes
SYNC-DL
ID
0

SYNC-UL
ID
0...7

Scrambling Code
ID
0

Basic Midamble Code

ID
0

124

124

125

125

126

126

127

127

8...15

.
.
.

Group
32

181

NOKIA

31

248...255


DwPTS

TS5

TS6

TS0

UpPTS
TS1

TS2

5ms

TDD

DwPTS:

: ; DwPTS; (in TS0)

DwPTS :

182

UE?

NOKIA

5ms ,

TS3

TS4

TS5


DwPTS

TS0

TS2

TS3

TS4

TS5

TS6

, , ,

183

TS1

UpPTS

NOKIA

: UE UpPTS ( )
: UpPTS (UE )
: ,


UE
UE SYNC_UL

UE ,

Node B
UpPTS
FPACH
RACH
FACH

184

NOKIA

BS SYNC_UL,

 CDMA

UE

CDMA

Code 1
Code 2

Code N

185

NOKIA

:

UpPTS (UL) FPACH (DL)

:
midamble
SS

:
,

UpPTS

UL time slots

SS
Midamble

SYNC_UL
ss

UL burst from UE

186

NOKIA

187

NOKIA

: 0-200 / .
: ( 200us 3575us
delay)

: 0-200 /
.

1,2,3 dB ( )

1,2,3 dB ( )

Beam Forming
BCH

DwPTS

TS0

UpPTS
TS1

TS2

TS3

TS4

beam
beam
UE
BCH/DwPTS:
:

188

NOKIA

TS5

TS6

TD-SCDMA
:1.28Mcps (1/3 of 3.84Mcps)
CDMA

3GPP
/
:

189

NOKIA

: 0 - 200Hz
: 1-3dB
: 1/8 chip

Abbreviations
1XEV-DO
1X Evolution-Data
1XEV-DV
1X Evolution-Data&Voice
3GPP
3rd Generation partnership
project(produces
WCDMA standard)
3GPP2
3rd Generation partnership project
2(produces
CDMA2000 standard)
AAL2
ATM Adaptation Layer 2
AAL5
ATM Adaptation Layer 5
AICH
Acquisition indication channel
AMR
Adaptive multirate (speech coder)
ATM
Asynchronous transfer mode
BCCH
Broadcast control channel
190

NOKIA

BCH Broadcast channel

BER Bit error ratio
BLER

Block error ratio

BMC Broadcast/multicast control protocol

BPSK
BS

Binary phase shift keying

Base station

BSS Base station subsystem

BSC Base station controller

191

CCCH

Common control channel

CCPCH

Common control physical channel

CCH

Control channel

NOKIA

CDMA

Code division multiple access

CM

Connection management

CN

Core network

CPCH

Common packet channel

CPICH

Common pilot channel

CRC

Cyclic redundancy check

CRNC

Controlling RNC

C-RNTI

Cell-RNTI,radio network temporary identity

CS
CTCH

Circuit switched
Common traffic channel

DCH Dedicated channel(transport channel)

192

NOKIA

DPCCH

Dedicated physical control channel

DPDCH

Dedicated physical data channel

DRNC

Drift RNC

EIR Equipment identity register

FACH

Forward access channel

FDD Frequency division duplex

GGSN

Gateway GPRS support node

GMSC

Gateway MSC

GPRS

General packet radil service

GTP-U

User plane part of GPRS tunnelling protocol

IMSI International mobile subscriber identity

193

NOKIA

LAI

Location area identity

MGW

Media gateway

MSC/VLR Mobile services switching center/visitor

location
register

194

MTP3-b

Message transfer part(broadband3)

M3UA

MTP3-user adaptation layer

NAS

Non access stratum

NBAP

Node B application part

OVSF

Orthogonal variable spreading factor

PCCCH

Physical common control channel

PCCH

Paging control channel

NOKIA

P-CCPCH Primary common control channel

PCH Paging channel
PCPCH

Physical common packet channel

PICH

Paging indicator channel

PLMN

Public land mobile network

RAB Radio access bearer

RACH

Random access channel

RAI Routing area identity

RLC Radio link control
RNC Radio network controller
RNS Radio network sub-system
195

NOKIA

RNSAP

RNS application part

RRC Radio resource management

S-CCPCH Secondary common control physical channel
SCH Synchronisation channel
SGSN

Serving GPRS support node

SIR Signal to inteference ration

SM Session management
SRNC

Serving RNC

SRNS

Serving RNC

TCH Traffic channel

TDD Time division duplex
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UCP

User datagram protocol

UE

User equipment

UMTS

Universal mobile telecommunication system

USIM

UMTS Subscriber identity module

UTRAN

UMTS Terrestrial radio access network

WCDMA Wideband CDMA,Code division multiple access

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Home Work
Download related WCDMA specification from 3GPP
website
25series
www.3gpp.org

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