Electricity is a

natural energy force.

Electricity is also a
man made energy
force.

It is essential to
modern life and
taken for granted
everyday.

 Electricity is flow of charge

Electricity flows
through conductors.

Conductors include:
metals, water, the
Earth and the
human body.

Electricity must have

a complete circuit or
path to flow.

When electrical
tools are working
properly a
complete circuit is
maintained
between the tool
and the energy
source.

However, if the tool

is damaged, the
person may come
in contact with the
electricity and can
become a path for
the current.

The person will be

shocked!

Current

Its Effect

0 to 0.15mA

No Sensation

1mA to 3mA

Weak Sensation

3mA to 0mA

Painful Sensation

10mA

Threshold of muscular contraction in arm

30mA
75mA
250mA
4Amps
5Amps

F
A
T
A
L

Threshold of respiratory Paralysis

Threshold of Cardiac fibrillation
Cardiac fibrillation
Threshold of Cardiac Paralysis
Burning of Organic Tissue

Electrical Hazards

Primary Hazards

Electrical Shock

Flash Over
Burn

Secondary Hazard

Burns

Fire & Explosion

Joules Burn

Static Electricity

Spark

Person Falling
From Height

Classification of Electrical Hazards

Dropping of Tools
& Objets

MACHINES

ELECTRICAL
SAFETY
MEANS
PROTECTING

MATERIALS
ENVIRONMENT

Electrical Accidents-Statistics
India

Almost 12 people die due to electrocution every

day (Source -NCRB)
42 % of total fires occur due to electrical
sources (Source -OISD)
8% deaths that occur in factories are due to
electricity

A. Electrical Hazards What is Electricity?

1. Improper Grounding
2. Exposed Electrical Parts
3. Inadequate Wiring
4. Damaged Insulation
5. Overloaded Circuits
6. Damaged Tools & Equipment
7. Wet Conditions
8. Overhead Power Lines
B. Accident Prevention:
1. Personal Protective Equipment
2. Inspect Tools & Cords
3. GFCIs
4. Lock-Out/Tag-Out

Electrical hazards are one of the greatest

hazards on a construction sites.
(Electrocutioncan be a result of an electrical
hazard).

Safe

This program will help you recognize common

electrical hazards.

The symbols will tell you if the situation in the

picture is either safe or not safe.

Not safe

The following is a list of common electrical

hazards found on construction sites:

Improper grounding
Exposed electrical
parts
Inadequate wiring
Overhead power lines

Damaged insulation
Overloaded circuits
Wet conditions
Damaged tools and
equipment

Grounding is the
process used to
eliminate
unwanted current.

A ground is a
physical electrical
connection to the
earth.

Electrical
equipment must
be properly
grounded.

Grounding reduces
the risk of being
shocked, burned or
electrocuted.

The ground pin

safely returns
leakage current to
ground.

Never remove
the ground pin.

Removing the
ground pin
removes an
important safety
feature.

You can get

shocked!

Exposed wires or
terminals are
hazardous.

Report these
conditions to your
supervisor.

This electrical
panel has missing
circuit breakers.

Never use a panel

that has exposed
wires.

All openings
must be
closed.

Outer insulation
on electrical
cords must be
intact.

On construction sites, temporary lighting

must be properly guarded and protected
to avoid contact with broken bulbs and
avoid potential shocks.

Use properly
rated extension
cords.

Make sure your

power tools are
being used with
a properly rated
extension cord.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIRES WITH THEIR ELECTRICAL

CURRENT RATING

Defective or
inadequate
insulation is a
hazard.

Insulation prevents
conductors from
contacting each
other or you.

Never attempt to repair a damaged cord

with tape.

Never use tools or

extension cords
with damaged
insulation.

Never hang extension cords from nails or sharp

objects.

Do not run
extension cords
through doors or
windows.

Overloaded
circuits can cause
fires.

Use proper circuit

breakers.

Never overload
an outlet.

Do not use power

strips or surge
protectors on
construction sites.

Instead, use a 3way extension

with a GFCI.

Do not use
electric tools
that are
damaged.

You may
receive a
shock or be
electrocuted.

Double insulated tools are labeled.

It will be marked Double Insulated.

It will have the following symbol:

Damp, wet or
humid conditions
are very
hazardous while
working with
electricity.

Damaged
insulation
increases the
hazard.

Always avoid
using tools in
wet, rainy or
very humid
locations.

Water increases
the risk of
electric shock.

Survey the site for

overhead power
lines.

Never store
materials or
equipment under
overhead power
lines.

Maintain a distance of
at least 10 between
tools and equipment
and overhead power
lines.
Power lines greater
than 50 kV require
greater distances.
Shocks and
electrocutions occur
where physical barriers
are not in place to
prevent contact with
the wires.

Maintain safe
distances
between
scaffolding and
overhead power
lines.

Overhead power
lines are very
dangerous.

Never attempt to
contact an
overhead power
line.

A willing,
positive
attitude
towards
safety will
help make a
safer work
environment
.

Always consider these safety

precautions:
Personal protective equipment
(PPE)
Use proper grounding
Use properly sized circuit
breakers
Guard live electrical parts
Use properly flexible cords
Inspect tools, wiring, circuits
and electrical systems. Use if in
good working condition ("Do not
overload circuits".)
Ground fault circuit interrupters
(GFCIs)
Have the utility company deenergize over head power lines
and ground the lines.
Lock-out/tag-out
Close electrical panels

PPE for electrical

hazards include:
hardhats
rubber or
insulating gloves
rated for the
electrical hazards
at the worksite.
insulating clothing

NEVER use
damaged PPE!

Use appropriate rubber

insulating gloves.

Make sure the gloves fit

properly.

Make sure the glove rating

matches with the work to be
performed.

Not all gloves can be used to

prevent electric shock.

Hard hats offer

protection.

Hard hats are

rated for certain
uses.

Metal hard hats

SHOULD NOT be
used when
working close to
electrical lines.

Inspect tools and

cords completely
before using for:
cracks
damaged insulation
broken ground pins
frayed line cord
loose parts
any other damage

OSHA requires
the use of GFCIs
on all
construction
sites.

A GFCI is a fastacting circuit

breaker.

It senses small
imbalances in the
circuit caused by
current leakage to
ground.

It continually matches
the amount of current
coming and going to
an electrical device.

The GFCI looks for a

difference of
approximately 5
milliamps.

Workers
must ensure
electricity is
off and
locked-out
before work
is performed.

Once the on/off

switch is securely
locked out:
the switch must
be tagged.
The tag lets
others know
why the switch
is off.

Locks and tags

are warning signs.

You must be
trained in lockout/tag-out
procedures.

Mr Murali ,electrician was cleaning the cable ties(wires)

scattered inside the LT Panel Board during
maintenance.The panel was under shut down
maintenance.while doing so,at one time ,there was a
sudden electrical flash over with abnormal noise in the
panel board due to short circuit between two phases of
upstream end resulting electrical fire and Mr.Murali
received minor burns on face & both hands.
Unsafe Act : Not cautious while working on Panel Board.
Remedial Measures : Advised him to isolate the incoming
supply of the panel board before start the cleaning the
cable ties which were scattered on the equipment during
maintenance.

Date : 19/04/2011
Location : SML Construction Site
Mr BulBulddin was pulling an electric cable (415 V) laid
near the excavated area in SML Construction site for
vehicle movement.The electrical cable one end was
disconnected from concrete pump and other end was
connected to the electrical main switch.The cable was not
energizied for so many days by keeping the main switch
in OFF Condition.On that particular day,the cable was
energized for some other purpose by his co worker and
left the main switchin ON condition.Mr Bulbuluddin
unknowingly pulled the energized cable & his hand
contact with the cable end terminal.As a result,he got
electrical shock in right hand due to poor insulation at the
cable terminal.
Remedial Measures: Advised to disconnect the unused
power cables from the main switch and also treat all the
electrical cables are live condition while handling provide
proper insulation ta[e at all thr terminal end of the cable.

Electricity
Act/Rules

Indian Electricity Act 2003

Various provisions in this Act in brief are given
below:
Section 53 of the Act provides that The
Central Electricity Authority may in
consultation with the State Government
specify suitable measures for: Protecting the public (including the persons
engaged in the generation, transmission,
distribution or trading) from dangers arising
from the generation, transmission,
distribution or trading or use of electricity
supplied or installation, maintenance or use
of any electric line or electrical plant.
Eliminating or reducing the risks of personal

 Prohibiting the supply or transmission of

electricity except by means of a system
which conforms to the specifications as may
be specified.
Giving notice in the specified form to the
Appropriate Commission and Electrical
Inspector, of accidents and failures of
supplies or transmissions of electricity.
Specifying action to be taken in relation to
any electric line or electrical plant, or any
electrical appliance under the control of a
consumer for the purpose of eliminating or
reducing the risk of personal injury, or
damage to the property or interference with
its use.

Section 73(c) relates to CEA specifying the

safety requirements for construction,
operation and maintenance electric plants
and electric lines.
Section 161 relates to reporting of accidents
and inquiry of accident.
Section 162 deals with appointment of Chief
Electrical Inspector and Electrical Inspector.
Section 185(1) is regarding repeal of the Indian
Electricity Act, 1910, the Electricity (Supply)
Act, 1948 and the Electricity Regulatory
Commissions Act, 1998.
Section 185(2) (C) states that Indian Electricity
Rules, 1956 made under Section 37 of the
Indian Electricity Act, 1910 as it stood before
such repeal shall continue to be in force till
the regulations under Section 53 of this Act
are made.

Chapter I: Preliminary
Rule 1 . Short title and commencement
Rule 2 . 'Definitions' of the terms used in the rules are
given in
this rule.
The definitions given for different gradation of
voltages :
Low Voltage:Not exceeding 250 Volts.
Medium Voltage:- .. ..650 Volts
High Voltage:- ..........................33 K.V
Extra High Voltage: exceeding 33K.V

Rule 3. Special importance in Authorization; As

per sub-rule (2-A). No person shall be
authorized to operate or under take
maintenance of any part or whole of a
generating station of capacity 100 MW and
above together with the associated sub
station unless he is adequately qualified and
has successfully undergone the type of
training specified in Annexure XIV of IE
Rules,1956.

Chapter II: Inspectors

Rules 4 to 10
In these rules, the qualifications and powers of
Inspectors and his assistants are mentioned.
As per Rule 7, inspection fee to be paid for
the services rendered by Inspector or his

Chapter IV. General Safety

Precaution: (Rules 29 to 46.)
Rule 29: Construction, Installation, Protection,
Operation and Maintenance of electric supply
lines and apparatus.
All electric supply lines and apparatus shall
be constructed, installed, worked and
maintained in such a manner as to ensure
safety of personnel and property.
Rule 30: Supplier shall ensure that electric
supply lines, fittings, apparatus (OH or U/g)
shall be to avoid danger against electrical,
mechanical, chemical or other injury.
Consumer shall take precautions for safe
custody of equipment in his premises and
ensure that the installation is maintained in

Rule 31 to 33 CUT OUT

Supplier shall provide a CUT OUT in each
conductor other than earthed neutral at an
accessible place and contained in an
enclosed fire proof receptacle.
Individual cutouts for each consumer
Supplier shall provide an earthed terminal at
an accessible position and consumer shall
take all precautions to prevent mechanical
damage.
Rule 32: Identification of earthed and earthed
neutral conductors and position of switches
and cut outs. In the double pole switches,
link should be provided instead of fuse
carrier on the neutral conductor.

Sec 36

Working on lines / apparatus

Before working on any line or equipment,

earthing shall be done discharging it
electrically.
Every person shall be provided with safety tools
such as gloves, rubber shoes, safety belts,
ladders, earthing devices, helmets, line testers
etc.
Sec 43
Fire Fighting
Fire buckets filled with clean dry sand in
addition to fire extinguishers shall be marked
and kept at conspicuous position at Generation
stations, sub stations, equipment etc.
Rule: 46

Rule 44: Instruction for restoration of persons

suffering from electric shock.
Instructions in English or Hindi or local
language of the district [and where Hindi is
the local language, in English and Hindi] for
the restoration of persons suffering from
electric shock, shall be affixed by the owner
in a conspicuous place in every generating
station, enclosed switched station etc.
Copies of the instructions shall be supplied
on demand by an officer or officers
appointed by the Central or the State
Government in this behalf at a price to be
fixed by the Central or the State
Government.

Rule 33: Earthed terminal on consumer's

premises.
Earth pits should be constructed and
maintained strictly as per IS 732. The earth
resistance of earth electrodes shall not
exceed 5 ohms.
Rule 34: Bare Conductors
Where bare conductors are used in a building,
owner shall ensure that they are inaccessible
switches for reducing them dead & safety
measures
Rule35: Danger Boards as per I.S. 2551 should
be affixed permanently in conspicuous
position on every motor, generator,
transformer and other electrical equipment.

Rule 44-A : Intimation of Accident: If any

accident occurs to human being or animal, a
telegraphic report within 24 hours of the
knowledge of the occurrence of the fatal
accident and a written report in the form set
out with in 48 hours of fatal and other
accidents, should be sent to electrical
inspector. Where practicable, a telephonic
message should be given to the Inspector
immediately.

Rule 77: Minimum clearance above ground of

the lowest conductors shall be as under:
Across a street:
a) For low and medium voltage lines 5.8
meters
b) For high voltage lines 6.1 meters
Along a street:
a) For low and medium voltage lines 5.5 meters
b) For high voltage lines 5.8 meters
Elsewhere
a) For low, medium and high voltage up to 11
KV 4.6 meters.
b) For low, medium and high voltage up to 11
KV insulated. 4 meters
c) For high voltage lines above 11 KV 5.2meters
Extra high voltage lines -- 5.2m + 0.3m for every
30KV

Rule 79: Minimum clearance from buildings

of low and medium voltage lines and
service lines.
a) Vertical clearance - 2.5 meters.
b) Horizontal clearance -1.2 meters.

The picture
shows the
enclosure
for Panel

Cables shall be laid underground at a minimum

depth of 900mm, covered with sand, brick & soil
for ensuring mechanical protection. Cable route
markers shall be provided at every 25 M of buried
trench route and at turnings.
When laid above ground, cables shall be properly
cleated or supported on rigid poles of at least 2M
high. Minimum 6 M clearance shall be provided at
road crossings.
In road crossing the power cables should cross the
road inside pipe sleeves that too 1.5M below road
level.
All Power cables shall be terminated with
Compression type cable glands, tinned copper
lugs shall be used for Multistranded wires / cables.

Picture shows
a)Glanding
b)Danger sign board
c)Shock treatment chart
d)Rubber hand gloves
e)Fire extinguisher

WITH NEUTRAL
& BODY
EARTHING AND
EQUIPPED WITH
FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS

PICTURE SHOWS
A)GLANDING

B) EARTHING OF DB

Safety items like CO2 cylinder, Sand bucket,

Rubber Mat