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Paints and Pigments

Industry

REYES, JONATHAN P.

PAINTS
Today paints are used for colorings and protecting many
surfaces, including houses, cars, road markings and
underground storage vessels.

PAINTS
Each of these different applications requires a different sort of
paint, and it is these differences in composition that are the
focus of this article. Paint is essentially composed of a binder,
pigment and solvent.

C0MPOSITION
binders

pigments

Solvent

The binder exists to hold the pigment to the surface. The


binder is a polymeric substance, and is either dissolved in
the paint or suspended in it by emulsifiers.
These not only give the paint its colour and finish, but also
serve to protect the surface underneath from corrosion and
weathering as well as helping to hold the paint together.

A solvent must be chosen that dries evenly, and in


which the binder is soluble but not so soluble that it
won't polymerize.

GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES


FOR PAINTS AND PIGMENTS INDUSTRY
1.
OBJECTIVES

5. CUSTOMERS
ORDERS AND RAW
MATERIAL

2. CONTROLS

6. PRODUCTION

3. QUALITY OF
PROCEDURAL
PROBLEMS

4. PERSONNEL
AND TRAINING

7. PACKAGING

8. WAREHOUSING

9. QUALITY
CONTROL

1. OBJECTIVES
Good Manufacturing Practices are embodied in a Total Quality
Management System as described in the standards contained in the
ISO 9000 series to make possible the manufacture of surface coatings,
which the customer has ordered

an agreed quality
standard

deliver them in the


appropriate containers

requirements contained
in directives, legislation
and regulations

time and location


specified

TYPES OF COATINGS INCLUDED


CAN
AND
COATINGS

CLOSURE

These are coatings intended for application


as a thin film (<20) to a metallic substrate
These are coatings intended for application
as a thin film (<20) to a metallic substrate
to be used to make a component of a food
container such as a can body, a can end or a
closure for a glass or plastic bottle or jar.

TYPES OF COATINGS INCLUDED


THICK FILM COATINGS

These are Heavy Duty Coatings, which are


supplied to rigid pre- formed containers such as
tanks with films in excess of 50 thick.
They have been shown to be suitable for the
use intended by extensive testing, including
prolonged exposure to a range of substances.

2. CONTROL
MANUALS

Production
Instruction Document

For each stage of the operation, from the receipt


of the order to the delivery of the products, the
detailed procedures are set out in manuals.

An instruction document is issued for each batch of coating


manufactured. This details the actions required by the
production staff for manufacture. Any critical feature of the
process is highlighted by requiring a specific action by the
operator, which is recorded as being completed.

2. CONTROL
Product Test
Specification

Product Test Specifications exist for every coating


manufactured.
They list the tests, which are
required during manufacture and on completion
to ensure the batch meets the coating
specification, and is fit for use.

3. QUALITY OF PROCEDURAL PROBLEMS

QUALITY MANAGER
In the event of a failure at any stage of
the process or a complaint, a procedure
exists to find the cause, rectify the
problem, and if necessary make the
appropriate
improvement(s)
to
the
manuals or other controls to prevent a
repetition.

4. PERSONNEL AND TRAINING

DEDICATION

Dedication to the objectives of G.M.P. by the


entire workforce from the most senior manager
downward is required.

4. PERSONNEL AND TRAINING

TRAINING

Adequate training programs and facilities are required to


ensure that all personnel are fully aware of their
function and responsibilities and are competent to carry
them out.

5. CUSTOMER ORDERS AND ORDERS OF RAW


MATERIALS
Objective

Raw
Materials

Product

Delivery
Details
Materials
Required
Quantities
Required
Packaging
Details

Identification

Identification

Specification

Specification

Test Methods

Test Methods

Delivery Date
and Time

Conformity

Conformity

Delivery Point

Traceability

Price

5. CUSTOMER ORDERS AND ORDERS OF RAW


MATERIALS
Objective
G.M.P. requires complete understanding with the suppliers of raw materials
and the needs of the customer. This is achieved with accurate ordering
systems.

Raw
Materials

Identification

Each raw material is identified by a unique agreed reference number


and/or trade name. Each batch/delivery is identified by a unique
number or the delivery date.

5. CUSTOMER ORDERS AND ORDERS OF RAW


MATERIALS
Specification
Each material has a detailed specification, which has been agreed by
the supplier and the coatings manufacturer.

Test Methods
These should be agreed by supplier and coating manufacturer. Where possible well
known, internationally and industry accepted methods of test and chemical analysis
should be used.

5. CUSTOMER ORDERS AND ORDERS OF RAW


MATERIALS
Conformity
Every delivery of a raw material should be tested in house or supported
by a certificate of conformity detailing the results of test carried out to
ensure that it meets the agreed specification.

Traceability
Traceability of a batch of raw material is achieved by using the delivery/batch
reference numbers throughout the system.

5. CUSTOMER ORDERS AND ORDERS OF RAW


MATERIALS
Product

Identification

Each coating intended for food contact is identified by a descriptive title


or trade name and a unique reference number. Each batch also has a
unique distinctive number.

Specification
Each coating has a detailed
specification, which in the case
of direct sale to a user
customer, has been agreed by
the coating manufacturer and
user.

Method of
Application
Solids Content,
Specific Gravity,
Viscosity

Curing Schedule
Film weight or
Thickness

5. CUSTOMER ORDERS AND ORDERS OF RAW


MATERIALS
Test Methods
These should be agreed by the coating manufacturer with a user
customer, when the tests should be reproducible by both parties where
possible.

Conformity
Every delivery of coating should be supported by a certificate of
conformity detailing the list of tests, which have been carried out with
the results to show that it meets the agreed specification.

6. Production
Objectives
To convert raw materials safely and efficiently into the finished
product(s) which meet the declared specification(s) and ensure
that the labeling and packaging meets the requirements of the
customer.

6. Production
The Formula and The Process
Manufacturing Instruction
Document
It highlights the critical parts of the process and provides the facility for the requisite
actions to be recorded and certified by the operator. It is acknowledged that the variety
of coatings manufactured coupled with the many different processes used, prohibits the
production of manufacturing guidelines.

The Formula
This only allows the use of approved raw
materials
in
the
quantities
and
proportions necessary to obtain the
quality of product required

6. Production

Equipment
The equipment used is known to be
appropriate to perform the task
required of it.

Maintenance
It is kept in good repair with a documented
inspection
and
maintenance
schedule
appropriate to the particular piece of
equipment

6. Production

Cleanliness
Written plant cleaning and inspection
procedures exist to ensure removal of
any undesired material from all
equipment prior to the manufacture of
the coating.

Health, Safety and the Environment


The working conditions and manufacturing
equipment are designed and operated to
conform to the relevant requirements of the
National government and agency.

7. Packaging

Specification
The packaging is selected, where possible, in
agreement with the customer, to meet the
customers use requirements. It conforms to
appropriate National requirements for the
nature of the product packed and the means of
transport.

Cleanliness
New containers should be inspected for
cleanliness.
Returned containers should be cleaned to
avoid any contamination with another product
or foreign bodies

7. Packaging

Accurate Filling
When necessary, suitable controls should
be installed to ensure accurate filling.

Labeling
Each container for dispatch should carry labels
showing:
Agreed
Identification
Batch
Identification
Net Volume

Manufacturing
Date

Health and
Safety

Expiry Date

Gross/ Net
Weight

Quality
Approved

Instruction

8. Warehousing

Conditions
Raw materials and finished coatings
should be stored in conditions to prevent,
as far as possible, any deterioration of the
material.

Raw Materials

Raw materials should be stored in appropriate containers in a manner to prevent


contamination and spillage. Untested materials should be quarantined until approved or
rejected. Rejected materials should be marked and segregated.

Product
A procedure should exist to re-test stock if it is approaching its expiry date or may have
drifted out of specification, before dispatch to the customer

9. Quality Control

Objectives
To carry out laboratory test on raw materials, coatings in production and finished
coatings to ensure that the material to the customer is fit for use and conforms to
appropriate directives, legislation or regulations.

Raw
Materials

Production
Control

Finished
Product
Testing

Test
Equipment

LOCAL COMPANY:

Pacific Paint (BOYSEN) Philippines, Inc.

Pacific Paint (BOYSEN) Philippines, Inc. was


founded in 1953 as a repacker of paint and
lacquer thinners under the trade name Columbus
In 1958, the company expanded its operations
and started paint production with the introduction
of NATION House Paints, an economy grade
paint.

LOCAL COMPANY:

Pacific Paint (BOYSEN) Philippines, Inc.

PRODUCT
Boysen Philippines produces various types of paints ranging from waterbased coatings to epoxy-based coatings.

Latex Paint
or acrylic paint, a fast-drying paint containing pigment
suspension in acrylic polymer emulsion. It is usually used
for painting walls and ceilings, and most suitable for
painting concrete materials.

Enamel
Paint

or solvent-based paint, is a type of paint that air dries to


a hard, usually glossy, finish . It is suitable to be used in
wood and metal materials.

LOCAL COMPANY:

Pacific Paint (BOYSEN) Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturing Process
Raw Material
Binder
also called the vehicle, is the film-forming component of
paint. Boysen uses Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) as their
binder.

Solvent
dissolves the polymer and adjust the viscosity of the
paint. It is volatile and does not become part of the paint
film.

LOCAL COMPANY:

Pacific Paint (BOYSEN) Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturing Process
Raw Material
Pigment
granular solids that are incorporated in the paint to
contribute color.

Additives
paint can have a wide variety of miscellaneous additives,
which are usually added in small amounts, yet provide a
significant effect on the product.

LOCAL COMPANY:

Pacific Paint (BOYSEN) Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturing Process
PROCESS
Raw Materials
Preparation
Ingredients are measured by weight on scales, and in some cases by volume in
calibrated vats and graduated measuring containers.

Mill Base Preparation


Pigments are added slowly, from containers of 10 kg up to 1000 kg, to a portion
of the liquid paint components, with the mixer running.

LOCAL COMPANY:

Pacific Paint (BOYSEN) Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturing Process
PROCESS
Pigment Dispersion
Pigments that tend to stick together to form clumps or agglomerates are broken
down into separate particles that must then be wetted by resin and additives to
stop them sticking together again.

Let Down
In a separate, larger, vat the rest of the paint (resin, solvent and additives) is
combined and mixed. At this stage, final additions are made and added in

LOCAL COMPANY:

Pacific Paint (BOYSEN) Philippines, Inc.

Manufacturing Process
PROCESS
Laboratory Testing
The quality control engineer takes a sample from the batch and tests it in the
laboratory for pH, gloss, and viscosity analysis. This is where the batch is
rejected or accepted.

Canning
When testing is completed the batch is passed for canning. The batch is passed
for use in the warehouse and dispatch to branches as required.

LOCAL COMPANY:

Pacific Paint (BOYSEN) Philippines, Inc.

Pollution and Waste Management


The plant doesnt have their own wastewater
treatment facility, so they have a third-party
facility that treats it for them. Atlantic
Coatings, Inc. is a zero-waste plant, meaning
every waste that they generate is wellaccounted for.

They also implement a Basura mo, Sagot


ko program in the vicinity which helps the
neighborhood to manage their waste.

LOCAL COMPANY:

Pacific Paint (BOYSEN) Philippines, Inc.

Safety Management
Atlantic Coatings, Inc. is a safety first community.
They have an in house firetruck and trained
firefighting crew which consists of the employees
themselves.
Since cameras may be a source of ignition, it is not
allowed inside the production facility.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn at
all times inside the premises.
The plant is a strict smoke-free facility and a smoking
area for smoking employees is provided outside the
plant.

LOCAL COMPANY:

Pacific Paint (BOYSEN) Philippines, Inc.

Warehousing
Areas should be allocated to approve materials and when tested in house they should
be marked as such. Untested materials should be quarantined until approved or
rejected. Rejected materials should be marked and segregated.

Chemical Industry

REYES, JONATHAN P.

INTRODUCTION
An effective control of chemical risks at the workplace requires an efficient flow of
information from the manufacturers or importers to the users of chemicals on potential
hazards and on the safety precautions to be taken. This flow of information should be
followed by daily action by employers to ensure that the necessary measures are taken
to protect workers, and consequently the public and the environment.

In accordance with the decision


taken by the Governing Body of the
ILO at its 250th Session (May-June
1991), a meeting of experts was
convened in Geneva from 24 March
to 1 April 1992 to draw up a code
of practice on safety in the use of
chemicals at work

OBJECTIVE
1

to protect workers from the hazards of chemicals

to prevent or reduce the incidence of chemically induced


illnesses and injuries resulting from the use of chemicals at
work

consequently to enhance the protection of the general public


and the environment by providing guidelines

GUIDELINES
Ensuring that all chemicals including impurities, by-products and intermediates, and
wastes that may be formed, are evaluated to determine their hazards;
Ensuring that employers are provided with a mechanism for obtaining from their
suppliers information about the chemicals used at work to enable them to implement
effective programs to protect workers from chemical hazards;
Providing workers with information about the chemicals at their workplaces and about
appropriate preventive measures to enable them to participate effectively in safety
programs
Establishing principles for such programmers to ensure that chemicals are used and
produced safely;
Making special provision to protect confidential information

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Personal Protective
Equipment
Personal protective equipment should
afford adequate protection against the
risk from those hazardous chemicals to
which
the
wearer
is
exposed,
throughout the period during which
such equipment is necessary, having
regard to the type of work.

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Personal Protective Equipment
Chemical Protective
Clothing
The selection of protective clothing
should take into account:
The ability of the material from which it is
made to resist penetration by the
hazardous chemicals concerned;
The adequacy of the design and the fit of
the clothing, and whether it is suitable for
the intended use;

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Personal Protective Equipment
Hand Protection

Skin contact is a potential source


of exposure to toxic materials; it is
important that the proper steps be
taken to prevent such contact.
Gloves
should
be
replaced
periodically,
depending on frequency of use and permeability
to the substance(s) handled. Gloves overtly
contaminated should be rinsed and then
carefully removed after use

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Personal Protective Equipment
Hand Protection GLOVE CHART

Types

Advantages

Low cost, good


physical properties,
dexterity

Natural Rubber

Disadvantages

Use Against

Poor vs. oils, greases, Bases, alcohols, dilute


organics. Frequently
water solutions; fair
imported; may be
vs. aldehydes,
poor quality
ketones.

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Personal Protective Equipment
Hand Protection GLOVE CHART
Natural Rubber Blends

Poly Vinyl Chloride

Neoprene

Nitrile

Low cost, dexterity,


better chemical
resistance than natural
rubber vs. some
chemicals.
Low cost, very good
physical properties,
medium cost, medium
chemical resistance
Medium cost, medium
chemical resistance,
medium physical
properties
Low cost, excellent
physical properties,
dexterity

Physical properties
frequently inferior to
natural rubber

Same as natural rubber

Plasticizers can be
stripped; frequently
imported may be poor
quality

N/A

Strong acids and bases,


salts, other water
solutions, alcohols
Oxidizing acids, anilines,
phenol, glycol ethers

Poor vs. benzene,


methylene chloride,
trichloroethylene,
many ketones

Oils, greases, aliphatic


chemicals, xylene,
perchloroethylene,
trichloroethane; fair vs.

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Personal Protective Equipment
Hand Protection GLOVE CHART
Butyl

Specialty glove, polar


organics

Expensive, poor vs.


hydrocarbons, chlorinated
solvents

Glycol ethers, ketones,


esters

Poly Vinyl Alcohol

Specialty glove, resists a


very broad range of
organics, good physical
properties

Very expensive, water


sensitive, poor vs. light
alcohols

Aliphatics, aromatics,
chlorinated solvents,
ketones (except acetone),
esters, ethers

Fluoro elastomer

Specialty glove, organic


solvents

Extremely expensive, poor


physical properties, poor vs.
some ketones, esters,
amines

Aromatics, chlorinated
solvents, also aliphatic and
alcohols

Excellent chemical
resistance

Poor fit, easily punctures,


poor grip, stif

Norfoil (Silver Shield)

Use for Hazmat work

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Personal Protective Equipment
Eye and Face Protective
Clothing

Employees can be exposed to a


large number of hazards that pose
danger to their eyes and face.
Goggles are tight-fitting eye protection that
completely cover the eyes, eye sockets and the
facial area immediately surrounding the eyes
and provide protection from impact, dust and
splashes. Some goggles will fit over corrective
lenses.

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Personal Protective Equipment
Eye and Face Protective
Clothing

Employees can be exposed to a


large number of hazards that pose
danger to their eyes and face.
Face Shields are transparent sheets of plastic
extend from the eyebrows to below the chin and
across the entire width of the employee's head.
It protect against nuisance dusts and potential
splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids.

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Personal Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protective
Equipment
The purpose of a respirator is to prevent
the inhalation of harmful airborne
substances and/or an oxygen-deficient
atmosphere.
The tight-fitting respirator is designed
to form a seal with the face of the wearer. It
is available in three types: quarter mask,
half mask, and full face piece.

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Personal Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protective
Equipment
The purpose of a respirator is to prevent
the inhalation of harmful airborne
substances and/or an oxygen-deficient
atmosphere.
The loose-fitting respirator has a respiratory
inlet covering that is designed to form a partial
seal with the face. These include loose-fitting
face pieces, as well as hoods, helmets, blouses,
or full suits, all of which cover the head
completely.

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Personal Protective Equipment

Foot Protection

Calf-length rubber boots give protection


against a wide range of dilute pesticide products.
Leather footwear is unsuitable because it
absorbs some pesticide products and cannot be
decontaminated. Trousers should be worn
outside the boots so that spills and splashes do
not fall into them.

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Information and Training
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Workers should be informed of the hazards associated with chemicals
used at their workplace.
Workers should be instructed about how to obtain and use the
information provided on labels and chemical safety data sheets.
Workers should be trained in the correct and effective use of the
control measures,
Employers should use chemical safety data sheets, along with
information specific to the workplace

A. Good Manufacturing Process for Personnel


Information and Training

Review
Whether workers understand when protective equipment is required,
and its limitations;
Whether workers understand the most
engineering control measures provided

effective

use

of

Whether workers are familiar with procedures in the event of an


emergency involving a hazardous chemical;
Procedures for the exchange of information between shiftworkers

the

B. Manufacturing Practices for Labelling and


Marking
All chemicals should be marked so as to indicate their identity. The mark chosen should
be such as to enable users to distinguish between chemicals during receipt, handling
and use.

PURPOSE OF LABELLING
the classification of the chemical
its hazards;
The precautions to be observed

B. Manufacturing Practices for Labelling and


Marking
The information to be given on the label, including as appropriate:

Trade Names;
Identity of the Chemicals;
Name, address and telephone number of the
supplier; Hazard symbols;
Nature of the special risks associated with
the use of the chemical
Safety Precautions
Identification of the Batch
The statement that a chemical safety data
sheet

C. Manufacturing Practices for Storage


The goal of your storage system should be to separate materials according to chemical compatibility
and hazard class. You will need to develop a segregation scheme to fit your specific needs; but, do
not store chemicals alphabetically until you have them properly segregated.

C. Manufacturing Practices for Storage


Chemical Storage Segregation Guidelines

C. Manufacturing Practices for Storage


Chemical Storage Segregation Guidelines

PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY

PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

EHS GUIDELINES
The Environmental,
Health, and Safety
(EHS) Guidelines are
technical reference
documents
with
general
and
industry-specific
examples of Good
International

APPLICABILTY
The EHS Guidelines for Petroleum Refining cover
processing operations from raw crude oil to
finished
products, including:
Refinery Fuel
Heating
Gas

Liquefied
Petroleum Gas
(LPG)

Mo-Gas
Kerosene
Diesel Oil

Oil

Fuel Oil
Bitume
n
Asphalt

Waxes
Sulfur
Petcoke

Intermediat
e Products

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY


Facility-specific occupational health and safety
issues should be identified based on job safety
analysis or comprehensive hazard or risk
assessment.

Hazards occur during the


operational phase
Process
Chemical
hazards
Safety

Oxygen-deficient
atmosphere

Fire and
explosions

PROCESS SAFETY
Process
safety
programs should be
implemented, due to
industry-specific
characteristics
complex chemical
reactions
use of hazardous
materials
multi-step reactions

PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT


Physical hazard testing
of material and
reactions
Worker training
Examination of
preventive maintenance
and mechanical integrity
of the process
equipment and utilities

Hazard analysis studies


to review the process
chemistry and
engineering practices
Development of
operating instructions
and emergency
response procedures

OXYGEN-DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERE
The
potential
release
and
accumulation
of
nitrogen gas into
work areas may
result
in
the
creation
of
asphyxiating

PREVENTION AND CONTROL


MEASURES
Design and placement of nitrogen
systems according to industry standards

venting

Installation of an automatic Emergency Shutdown


System that can detect and warn of the
uncontrolled release of nitrogen, initiate forced
ventilation, and minimize the duration of releases
Implementation of confined space entry
procedures with consideration of facility-specific

CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Chemical hazards should
be managed based on the
results of a job safety
analysis and industrial
hygiene
survey
and
according
to
the
occupational health and
safety guidance provided
in
the
General
EHS
Guidelines.

HYDROFLUORIC ACID OCCUPATIONAL


SAFETY MEASURES
Reducing HF volatility by
adding
suitable
vapor
pressure
suppression
additives
Minimizing HF hold-up
Designing plant lay-out to
limit the extent of the plant
area exposed to potential HF
hazards, and to facilitate
escape routes for workers

Clearly identifying
hazardous HF areas, and
indicating where PPE
should be adopted
Implementing a worker
decontamination procedure
in a dedicated area
Use of scrubbing systems
to neutralizing and remove
HF prior to flaring

HYDROFLUORIC ACID OCCUPATIONAL


SAFETY MEASURES

Implementing a safety distance buffer between the HF


Alkylation Unit, other process units and the refinery boundary
Use of a HF neutralization basin for effluents before they are
discharged into the refinery oily sewage system

Use of a dedicated tank to collect alkylate product and


undertake routine pH measurements before dispatching to
gasoline pool
Treating butane and propane products in alumina
defluorinators to destroy organic fluorides, followed by alkali to
remove any remaining HF
Transport of HF to and from the plant should be handled
according to guidance for the transport of dangerous goods

FIRE AND EXPLOSIONS

Fire and explosion


hazards generated by
process
operations
include the accidental
release
of
syngas
(containing
carbon
monoxide
and
hydrogen),
oxygen,
methanol,
and

MEASURES TO PREVENT AND


CONTROL FIRE AND EXPLOSION
Designing, constructing, and operating petroleum refineries
according to international standards10 for the prevention and
control of fire and explosion hazards
Providing early release detection, such as pressure monitoring
of gas and liquid conveyance systems, in addition to smoke
and heat detection for fires
Evaluation of potential for vapor accumulation in storage tanks
and implementation of prevention and control techniques
Avoiding potential sources of ignition

MEASURES TO PREVENT AND


CONTROL FIRE AND EXPLOSION
Providing passive fire protection measures within the modeled
fire zone that are capable of withstanding the fire temperature
for a time sufficient to allow the operator to implement the
appropriate fire mitigation strategy
Limiting the areas that may be potentially affected by
accidental releases by:
Defining fire zones and equipping them with a drainage
system to collect and convey accidental releases of
flammable liquids to a safe containment area
Installing fire / blast partition walls in areas where
appropriate separation distances cannot be achieved
Designing the oily sewage system to avoid propagation
of fire

COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY


Community
health
and safety impacts
during
the
construction
and
decommissioning of
petroleum
refining
facilities are common
to those of most
other
industrial

MAJOR HAZARDS
The most significant safety
hazards are related to the
handling and storage of
liquid
and
gaseous
substances.
The
most
significant
community
health and safety hazards
associated with petroleum
refining
facilities
occur
during the operational phase

GOOD
MANUFACTURING
PROCESS FOR
PERSONNEL

WORK CLOTHING
Fire
Resistant/Retardant
Clothing (FRC) is mandatory
for all areas of offshore
production
or
drilling
facilities. Thus, workers are
generally prohibited from
wearing clothing materials
made entirely of, or blended
with,
synthetic
materials
such as acetate, nylon,
polyester, or rayon.

FACILITIES
Production facility with hydrocarbon - containing
process equipment
Loading/ unloading or transferring hydrocarbons
where vapors are present in the atmosphere
Repairing active hydrocarbon piping, tankage or
equipment that is outside the production facility
Performing hot work activities on active hydrocarbon
equipment and piping
Performing high voltage switching operations and
maintenance

HEAD PROTECTION
Hard Hats are made from
Non-conductive plastic in
compliance with ANSIZ89. It shall be worn at all
times by personnel and
visitors when in any area
designated as requiring
head protection or where
dropped object or head
bump exposure exists.

EYE AND FACE PROTECTION


Safety glasses, with side
impact
protection,
or
goggles shall be worn in
all designated work areas
as outlined in the site risk
assessment. Both clear
and tinted lenses shall be
made available and must
have ultraviolet protective
coated lenses.

EYE AND FACE PROTECTION


A welding hood shall be worn
over standard safety glasses
when
welding.
Personnel
engaged in sandblasting,
water blasting or spray
painting shall wear eye
protection under the face
shield or air supplied hood to
protect the eyes and face
from known hazards.

HEARING PROTECTION
Hearing protection must
be utilized when working
in areas where noise
levels
exceed
time
weighted average (TWA)
of 85 decibels. A scale
for an 8 hours exposure.

HEARING PROTECTION
Ear muffs are often
used in conjunction
with ear plugs to
protect
the
employee
from
extremely
load
noises, usually at or
above 105 decibels.

HEARING PROTECTION
Ear Plugs if placed
in the ear correctly,
will expand to fill
the ear canal and
seal against the
walls. This allows
foam ear plugs to fit
ear
canals
of

FOOT PROTECTION
Safety footwear shall be part of the basic
PPE for all personnel and shall be worn at
all times when outside accommodations,
offices, and on the following:

Offshore
Production

Construction

Drilling

Shorebases

GOOD
MANUFACTURING
PROCESS FOR
TRANSPORT SYSTEM

GOOD MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR


TRANSPORT SYSTEM
The
operator
is
responsible
for
transfer
activities.
The
owner
or
operator
must
permanently mark all
fill ports to identify
the product inside

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