7.

1 Heat Transfer
Radiation

Conduction

Convection

7.1 Heat Transfer

Heat is a form of..?

.energy

7.1 Heat Transfer

When something has

more energy, it
moves.?

faster

7.1 Heat Transfer

As it moves faster, it

begins to spread?

apart

7.1 Heat Transfer

As it spreads apart,

it becomes less..?

.dense

7.1 Heat Transfer

What are the three

types of heat
transfer?

Radiation
Conduction
Convection

7.1 Heat Transfer

How does Earth

receive most of its

radiation?

As electromagnetic

waves from the sun.

7.1 Heat Transfer

How is heat

transferred by
conduction?

Direct contact

through a material
(two objects
touching)

7.1 Heat Transfer

How is heat

transferred by
convection?

By the circulation of

a liquid or gas.

7.1 Heat Transfer

If we put aluminum

foil over a jar of hot

water with red food
coloring and a jar of
cold water with blue
food coloring at the
bottom of a large
container of water,
what would happen
when we take the foil
off?

The red, warm water

goes up and spreads

out because it is
less dense.
The blue, cold water
stays at the bottom
or doesnt even
leave the jar.

7.1 Heat Transfer

What would happen

if we left it
overnight?

It would turn purple

because convection
currents moved
through the water,
transferring the heat
until all the water
was the same
temperature.

7.9
Atmosphere
If something is more More Dense = More
dense, can it give
more or less
pressure?

Pressure

7.1 Heat Transfer

If something is less

dense, then it has

less?

pressure

7.9 Atmosphere
Why does air

pressure decreases
as altitude
increases?

Because there is less

air above you.

The Earth receives heat and light energy that

travels from the Sun. When you are at the

beach you can feel the warmth from the sun.
Which of the following is the correct
classification for this energy?
A. radiation
B. nuclear
C. kinetic
D. electrical

The Earth receives heat and light energy that

travels from the Sun. When you are at the

beach you can feel the warmth from the sun.
Which of the following is the correct
classification for this energy?
A. radiation
B. nuclear
C. kinetic
D. electrical

What type of heat transfer takes place in a

gas?
A. Convection
B. Conduction
C. Radiation
D. Global warming

What type of heat transfer takes place in a

gas?
A. Convection
B. Conduction touch
C. Radiation sun
D. Global warming not a type of heat transfer

What would happen

to an ice cube?

if you added heat

It would melt into

liquid water.

What would happen

to liquid water?

if you added heat

It would boil and

eventually evaporate
into water vapor
(gas)

An ice cube is placed inside a metal pot and

placed on a stove. After a period of time, the

cube of ice melts into liquid water and then
begins to evaporate into water vapor. Which of
the following correctly describes the changes in
the states of matter?
A. Heat is added to change from liquid to gas,
and then gas to solid.
B. Heat is taken away to change from solid to
liquid, and then liquid to gas.
C. Heat is added to change from solid to liquid,
and then liquid to gas.
D. Heat is taken away to change from liquid to
gas, and then gas to solid.

An ice cube is placed inside a metal pot and

placed on a stove. After a period of time, the

cube of ice melts into liquid water and then
begins to evaporate into water vapor. Which of
the following correctly describes the changes in
the states of matter?
A. Heat is added to change from liquid to gas,
and then gas to solid.
B. Heat is taken away to change from solid to
liquid, and then liquid to gas.
C. Heat is added to change from solid to
liquid, and then liquid to gas.
D. Heat is taken away to change from liquid to
gas, and then gas to solid.

The Suns Influence and

Temperature Differences
Which heats faster?
First gases
(Wind)
Then solids
Finally liquids

Energy

The ability to cause

change.
Measured in units
called joules.

Kinetic Energy

The energy of

motion.
All moving objects
have kinetic energy.

Potential Energy

The stored

energy that an
object has
because of its
position
condition, or
chemical
composition.

Mechanical Energy

The Kinetic energy

plus the potential

energy due to
position.

Law of Conservation

of Energy

Energy can be

neither created nor

destroyed. It can
only be
transformed.

A ball is dropped from height of 1m. The ball

bounces back to height of 0.8m. What

happened to the energy that seems to have
been lost in the system?
A. The lost energy was destroyed.
B. The lost energy was destroyed or
converted into thermal energy.
C. The lost energy was converted into
sound energy.
D. The lost energy was converted into
sound energy and thermal energy.

A ball is dropped from height of 1m. The ball

bounces back to height of 0.8m. What

happened to the energy that seems to have
been lost in the system? (11.1)
A. The lost energy was destroyed.
B. The lost energy was destroyed or
converted into thermal energy.
C. The lost energy was converted into
sound energy.
D. The lost energy was converted into
sound energy and thermal energy.
*Remember, Law of Conservation of Energy and
all energy transfers make heat.

The kinetic energy of an object depends on

the objects mass and speed. As the objects

mass and speed increases, its kinetic energy
also increases. Which of the following has the
most kinetic energy?
A. a trucked parked in a lot
B. a jet airplane flying on the air
C. a kitten running in a room
D. a car driving on a highway

The kinetic energy of an object depends on

the objects mass and speed. As the objects

mass and speed increases, its kinetic energy
also increases. Which of the following has the
most kinetic energy? (11.1)
A. a trucked parked in a lot

(large, but not

moving)
B. a jet airplane flying on the air
C. a kitten running in a room (moving, too
small)
D. a car driving on a highway (moving, jet
bigger)

When a skateboarder reaches the top of a

half-pipe ramp, what type of energy is at its

maximum?
A. Mechanical energy
B. Kinetic energy
C. Potential energy
D. Chemical energy

When a skateboarder reaches the top of a

half-pipe ramp, what type of energy is at

its maximum? (11.1)
A. Mechanical energy
B. Kinetic energy
C. Potential energy
D. Chemical energy

Force

A push or a pull

exerted on an object
in order to change
the motion of the
object; force has
size and direction.

Newton (N)

The SI unit for force.

- The combination of
Net Force

all of the forces

acting on an object.

Electric Force

Force between

charged objects
Acts at a distance.

Magnetic Force

Force that pulls or

pushes the magnets

Acts at a distance.

Friction

A force that opposes

motion between two

surfaces that are in
contact.
Friction causes

some of the kinetic

energy to become
heat energy.

Balanced Forces

- When the forces

on an object
produce a net force
of 0 N.
- Balanced forces do

not cause a change

in motion of a
moving object.

Unbalanced Force

- When the net force

on an object is not 0
N.
- Unbalanced forces
produce a change in
motion, such as a
change in speed or
direction.
- Necessary to
cause a nonmoving
object to start
moving.

When will an

object at rest not

stay at rest?

When will an

object in motion
not stay in
motion?

An object at rest will

stay at rest unless

acted upon by an
outside force.

An object in motion

will remain in
motion unless acted
upon by an outside
force.

How do you

determine the net

force on an object
if all forces act in
the same
direction?

If all forces act in

the same direction,

you must add the
forces to determine
the Net Force.

When do the

forces acting on
an object cancel
each other?

If they are equal in

size and act in

opposite directions.

Inertia

The tendency of all

objects to resist any

change in motion.

Forces Work in

Action/Reaction
Pairs

Whenever one

object exerts a force

on a second object,
the second object
exerts an equal and
opposite force on
the first.

Big Idea 13: Force

John enjoys riding his bike. He peddles

with a force of 200 N against a wind that

exerts a force of 50 N. The friction
between the tires of the bike and dirt
road is 25 N. What is the net force
acting on Johns bike?
A. 75 N against the wind
B. 125 N against the wind
C. 150 N against the wind
D. 175 N against the wind
B. 125 N against the wind

Big Idea 13: Force

Mrs. Norris rubbed a balloon on a

wool scarf then holds it over salt.

The salt begins to jump. What is
this an example of?
A. Gravity acting at a distance
B. Speed acting at a distance
C. Magnetic force acting at a
distance
D. Force acting at a distance
D. Force acting at a distance

Big Idea 13: Force

A man is walking a dog on a leash. The

dog starts to chase a squirrel, but the

man pulls back on the leash to prevent
the dog from running away. What is the
net force on the leash if the dog pulls on it
with a force of 50 N forward and the man
pulls on it with a force of 70 N backward?
Which way will the leash move?
A. 20 N; forward
B. 20 N; backward
C. 120 N; forward
D. 120 N; backward
B. 20 N; backward

Big Idea 13: Force

A boy pulls a wagon with a force

of 10 N east while another boy

pushes the wagon with a force of
10 N east. What is the net force?
How will the wagon move?
A. 10 N east; it will move east
B. 0 N; it will not move
C. 20 N east; it will move east
D. 20 N west; it will move west
C. 20 N east; it will move east

Position

Describes the

location of an
object. Often, you
describe where
something is by
comparing its
position with
where you
currently are.

Reference Point

A location to which

you compare other

locations.
Usually
nonmoving objects
like something on
Earths surface,
but moving objects
can also be used if
necessary.

Motion

A change in

position over time

relative to a
reference point.

Speed

Measurement of

how far something

moves in a given
amount of time.
The distance the
object travels
divided by the
time the object
takes to travel that
distance.

Average Speed

Describes the

speed over a
stretch of time.
Constant Speed =
Total Distance/Total
Time
Constant Speed is
shown as a
straight line on a
graph of distance
versus time.

Velocity

Speed in a specific

direction.
Positive Acceleration

Negative Acceleration

Getting faster as it

leaves or slowing
down as it returns.
Getting slower as

it leaves or
speeding up as it
returns.

Big Idea 12: Motion

Which three factors can be used to

describe the motion of any object?

A. its position, net force, and gravity
B. its acceleration, gravity and force
C. its position, direction of motion, and
speed
D. its force, reference point, and
velocity
C. its position, direction of motion,
and speed

Big Idea 12: Motion

A kangaroo hops 60 m to the

east in 5 s. What is the

kangaroos average speed?

12m/s

Big Idea 12: Motion

Kira jogs to a store 72 m away in

a time of 36 s. What is Kiras

average speed?

2m/s

The diagram below shows forces acting on a

model airplane. Both its speed and height above

the ground are constant. Lift Thrust Drag Weight
Which of the following conditions would cause the
model airplane to descend toward the ground?

A. The lift is equal to the drag.

B. The lift is less than the weight.
C. The thrust is equal to the weight.
D. The thrust is greater than the drag.

The diagram below shows forces acting on a

model airplane. Both its speed and height above

the ground are constant. Lift Thrust Drag Weight
Which of the following conditions would cause the
model airplane to descend toward the ground?

A. The lift is equal to the drag.

B. The lift is less than the weight.
C. The thrust is equal to the weight.
D. The thrust is greater than the drag.