AIR PORTS

BY
RAMKUMAR K R
GANESH ARKALGUD

INTRODUCTION

Location where airplanes take off

and land

TYPES OF AIRPORTS
Military (Example : Yelahanka air
base)
Civilian
Domestic
International
Civil Military Co-ordination

DIFFERENCES
DOMESTIC AIRPORTS
DOMESTIC AIRPORTS

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS

International travel

Domestic travel

International travel

Runway is about 3300ft. long

Runway
is greater
6500ft.
Runway
is than
greater
Long

Presence of Duty free shops

than 6500ft. Long

Absent

Absent

BASIC COMPONENTS
Runway
Control towers
Helipads
Hangars
Terminal buildings

RUNWAYS
Runway Orientation
Runway safety area
Blast pads
Pavements
Made of Asphalt and/or Concrete

RUNWAY MARKINGS

There are runway markings and signs on most large

runways. Larger runways have a distance remaining sign
(black box with white numbers). This sign uses a single
number to indicate the thousands of feet remaining, so 7 will
indicate 7,000 ft (2,134 m) remaining. The runway threshold
is marked by a line of green lights.

BASIC RUNWAY LENGTH

It is the length of the runway under following assumed
conditions of the airport
1. Airport altitude is at sea level
2. Temperature at airport is standard(15C)
3. Runway is levelled in longitudinal direction
4. No wind is blowing on runway
5. Aircraft is loaded to its full loading capacity
6. There is no wind blowing Enroute to the destination
7. Enroute temperature is standard

BASIC RUNWAY LENGTH

Normal landing case

Normal takeoff case

Engine failure case

For jet engine aircrafts, all 3 cases are considered.
For piston engine Aircrafts only 1st and 3rd cases are
considered.

CORRECTIONS FOR ELEVATION

As elevation increases, air density reduces.

This reduces lift on wings of Aircraft and

requires greater ground speed

Longer runway is required for greater speeds

ICAO recommends basic runway length to

be increased at a rate of 7% per 1000 ft.
Rise in elevation above mean sea level

CORRECTIONS FOR
TEMPERATURE

It is the monthly mean of average daily temperature for the

hottest month of the year(Ta) plus one third the difference
of this temperature and the monthly mean of the maximum
daily temperature(Tm).
ICAO recommends that the basic runway length after
having been corrected for elevation should be further
increased at the rate of 1% per 1 C rise of airport
reference temperature

CONTROL TOWER

A tower where in Air traffic is controlled

Small and medium airports have only 1 tower, Large

Airports have more number of towers

Radios, telephones, light guns, flight progress strip,

wind and pressure gauges etc.,

HELIPAD

Place where Helicopters land safely

Remote areas, Airports, on Roofs of big

buildings(Air-taxi services)

Worlds highest helipad is in Siachen

glacier ,India.

HANGARS

Closed structure to hold planes in protective

storage

Steel, Wood or Concrete is used for

construction

Protect planes from weather and UV

radiations

Also used to hold helicopters

TERMINAL BUILDING

An airport terminal is a building at an airport where passengers

transfer between ground transportation and the facilities that allow
them to board and disembark from aircraft.

Purchase tickets,

Transfer their luggage, and go through security.

The buildings that provide access to the airplanes (via gates) are
typically called concourses.

PLANNING
1.
2.
3.
4.

Airport Requirements
Site selection
Airport Plans
The Financial Plan

REGIONAL PLANNING
Approximate
locations of airports
in national maps
Classification of
airports
Location of air strips
Routes of air travel

Population
Geographical
features
Existing airports in
vicinity
Air traffic
characteristics

ICAO MASTER PLANNING

PROCESS

Planning method
Forecasting for planning purposes
Site evaluation and selection
Airport configuration
Aircraft apron
Passenger building
Departure and Arrivals
Other facilities

SITE SELECTION
Depends on Class of airport under consideration.
Factors for the site selection of a major airport are
1.
Regional plan
2.
Airport use
3.
Proximity to other airports
4.
Ground accessibility
5.
Topography
6.
Obstructions
7.
Visibility
8.
Wind
9.
Noise nuisance
10. Grading, drainage and soil characteristics
11. Future development
12. Availability of utilities from town
13. Economic considerations

LIGHTING OF AIRPORTS

First appeared in Cleveland Municipal

Airport in 1930

Guide airplanes during night.

Various colours are used for different

signals

APRONS
Paved area for parking of aircrafts, loading and unloading of
passengers and cargo
Gate position
Number of gate positions
Aircraft parking system

Frontal, Open Apron

system, Finger system, Satellite system

ORGANISATIONS
National Airports Authority (NAA)
International Airports Authority of
India (IAAI)
Airports Authority of India (AAI)
International Civil Aviation
Organisation (ICAO)
Federal Aviation Agency (FAA)
Directorate of Civil Aviation

REFERENCES

Airport Planning and Design, by S.K. Khanna,

M.G. Arora, S.S. Jain (6th edition)

Airport Engineering, by Ranganwala S.C.

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IEEE Xplore.org

THANK YOU