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FLORA AND FAUNA

OF TURKEY
BY
S.ADITHYA
CLASS:6-F
ROLL NO.:40

FLORA
OF
TURKEY

FIRST, SOME POINTS ABOUT


TURKEY

1. It has one of the worlds oldest and


biggest malls.

2. You might find chicken in your dessert.

3. Turkey is packed with cultural heritage.

4. Santa Claus is from Turkey.

5. One of the Mediterraneans primary


sea turtle nesting beaches is here.

6. Turkey gifted tulips to the world


(youre welcome, Netherlands).

7. More than 130 peaks reach over 9,800


feet (3,000 meters).

8. Istanbul has one of Europes most


exciting art scenes.

9. You can cross continents


underground.

10. The seeds of agriculture were first sown


in Turkey.

11. Its home to some of the most important


sites in Christendom.

12. Oil wrestling is the national sport.

13. People were building temples here back


in the hunter-gatherer era.

14. Turkeys film industry is booming.

15. A new type of plant is


discovered every 10 days.

16. Turkey really is the center of


the world.

17. Despite appearances, Turkish


is surprisingly easy to learn.

Endemism

Endemism

ForAustriathe respective value is


meagre 1,56% and for the British
Isles it is still lower. Moreover, none
of the endemic British species is
taxonomically remote from a nonendemic species

Endemism

One reason for this relative


importance of endemism in the
Turkish flora is the mountainous and
at the same time rather strongly
fragmentised surface of Anatolia. In
fact the Anatolian mountains
resemble archipelagos like the
famousGalapagos Islands.

DID YOU KNOW ?


In the year 2000 about 9300 species ofvascular plantwere
known for the area of the Turkish Republic

Ecologic diversity

Ecologic diversity

For a visitor from Central Europe


climatic diversity within Turkey is
quite astonishing. On a somewhat
smaller scale all climatic zones of
Europe can be found.

Ecologic diversity

TheBlack Seacoast is humid all the


year round, with the highest rainfall
betweenRizeandHopa. South of the
Pontic Rangerainfall drops abruptly
and in Central Anatolia dry and
winter-cold conditions prevail.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF
TURKISH FLORA

MAIN COMPONENTS OF
TURKISH FLORA

Considering species numbers


Astragalus (milk-vetch , goat'sthorn ; Fabaceae ) is by far the most
Important genus of the Turkish flora.

This may be explained by its


predisposition to treeless, dry and
heavily grazed habitats.

Their extension augmented


drastically due to human activities in
historical times. Still
moreAstragalusspecies are reported
from central Asia.

The flora of the former UDSSR


contains about 800 species. The
plasticity of this genus is
astonishingly high. Depending from
environmental conditions a big
variety of life-forms evolved,reaching
from tiny annuals to small woody and
thorny bushes.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF
TURKISH FLORA

Speciation seems to be in plain


progress inAstragalus. Nearly each
of its different sections consists of
clusters of closely related species
whose determination is one of the
hardest tasks in a closer study of the
Anatolian flora.

Vegetation

Vegetation

Along the northern border of Anatolia


the Pontic Range forms a more or
less continuous barrier against humid
air from the Black Sea, causing high
precipitations on the northern slopes
of thePontusduring the whole year.

Vegetation

A limited Mediterranean influence is


noticeable only on a very narrow
coastal strip, but almost completely
missing in the North-East.

In the lower forest zone


oftenHornbeam(Carpinus betulus)
prevails , frequently intermingled
withSweet Chestnut(Castanea
sativa).

FAUNA
OF TURKEY

Turkey's Fauna

The diversity of fauna inTurkeyis


even greater than that of wild plants.

While the number of species


throughout Europe as a whole is
around 60,000, inTurkeythey
number over 80,000.

As in the case of plants,Anatoliais


the original homeland of several
species.

For instance, the fallow deer now


common in Europe was introduced
fromTurkeyin the 17th century.

BEST OF FAUNA

Birds have taken advantage


ofTurkey's strategic position as a
bridge connecting Europe to Asia and
Africa for thousands of years.

Two of the four main migration routes


in the bio-geographic region known
as the year, in spring and autumn.

Most of the birds which take this


route through the oruh River valley
are birds of prey, and at around
250,000 they from the largest
migratory group of birds of prey in
the world.

Despite the fact thatTurkeyis an


ancient land, crossed, exploited and
sought over by a succession of
peoples for millennia, there are still
many areas which have remained
virtually untouched, enabling many
rare species of wildlife which have
become endangered or extinct
elsewhere to maintain viable colonies
here.

Under the auspices of the Ministry of


the Environment a program is
underway to project the last surviving
colonies ofmonk
sealalongTurkey'sMediterraneanan
dAegean coasts, and in addition an
international project is being
conducted within the framework of
the Bern and Barcelona conventions.

The total number ofmonk sealsin


the world is between 300-400, fifty of
which live inTurkish waters

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