NATURAL

RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT

Alyanna Maie G. Fajardo

Mechael John A. Lerio

Renewable Resources
are an
important
aspect of sustainability.
These are frequently used renewable
sources
BIOMASS
WATER
GEOTHERMAL
WIND

Non- Renewable Resources

this
resource
cannot be
replaced.
These are frequently used non-renewable
sources
OIL
NATURAL GAS
COAL
TAR SAND AND OIL SHALE
URANIUM

WATER
CYCLE
The water cycle is called the
hydrologic cycle. In the hydrologic
cycle, water from oceans, lakes,
swamps, rivers, plants, and even
you, can turn into water vapor.
Water
vapor
condenses
into
millions of tiny droplets that form
clouds. Clouds lose their water as
rain or snow, which is called
precipitation. Precipitation is either
absorbed into the ground or runs off
into rivers. Water that was
absorbed into the ground is taken
up by plants. Plants lose water
from their surfaces as vapor back
into the atmosphere. Water that
runs off into rivers flows into ponds,
lakes, or oceans where it evaporates
back into the atmosphere.
The cycle continues.

IRRIGATION
Irrigation is the method
in
which
water
is
supplied to plants at
regular
intervals
for
agriculture. It is used to
assist in the growing of
agricultural
crops,
maintenance
of
landscapes,
and
revegetation of disturbed
soils in dry areas and
during
periods
of
inadequate rainfall

Deforestation are cut down for

DEFORESTRATION

many reasons, but most of them

are related to money or to peoples
need
to
provide
for
their
families.The biggest driver of
deforestation
is
agriculture.
Farmers cut forests to provide
more room for planting crops or
grazing livestock. Often many
small farmers will each clear a few
acres to feed their families by
cutting down trees and burning
them in a process known as slash
and burn agriculture.
Logging operations, which
provide the worlds wood and paper
products, also cut countless trees
each year. Loggers, some of them
acting illegally, also build roads to
access more and more remote
forestswhich leads to further
deforestation. Forests are also cut
as a result of growing urban sprawl

Managing Water
Resources
HOW TO MANAGE WATER RESOURCES?
Water managers have to deal with an
increasingly complex picture. Their
responsibilities entail managing variable and
uncertain supplies to meet rapidly changing
and uncertain demands; balancing everchanging ecological, economic and social
values; facing high risks and increasing
unknowns; and sometimes needing to adapt to
events and trends as they unfold.

REFORESTRATION
Reforestation involves the
replanting or regeneration of
areas of forest which have
previously been damaged or
destroyed. Sometimes forests
are able to regenerate naturally
if sufficient trees remain nearby
and seeds can be dispersed into
the deforested areas via animals
or wind. However, areas of
forest which have been severely
degraded are unlikely to be able
to regenerate naturally and
need to be replanted by hand
using native tree species.

RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Rain water harvesting is basically a simple idea of collecting and
storing of rain water into tanks. Instead of separate tank, rain water may
be stored in roof top made of tiles, plastic & metal sheets. Rain water is
stored to make it usable for drinking or some other purposes.
As the population increasing, the consumption of water is increasing
at speedy rate due to which the drinking water level is getting low. In this
case, our duty is to extend the level of drinking level not only for present
generation but for the future generation also. So it is required and the
best way to store and purify the rain water. Tamilnadu was the first state
to initialize this concept and now all over India is using this concept for
long. Rain water is highly recommended to use as it is free from the
minerals, salts and bacteria. So it can be used for drinking as well as for
daily applications of household and industrial purposes. Excess rain fall

RAIN WATER HARVESTING

SOIL: The topmost layer of the

Earth
HOW IS SOIL FORMED?
Soil is formed as rock is broken up by ice, frost,
wind, and water. Plants take root among the rock
fragments and bind them together. When plants die,
they fertilize the soil. Soil takes many years to form, but
it can be destroyed very quickly by bad farming
methods, such as deforestation (clearing the land of
trees).
ARE THERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL?
There are three main types of soilclay, sandy, and
loamy. There are also other types of soil, depending on
the type of underlying rock and the climate and

Clay Soils: it is
usually sticky and
waterlogged
Chalky Soils: it is thin
and dry
Acidic Peaty Soil: it is
made up of rotting

HOW DO LIVING THINGS HELP THE SOIL?

Living things play an important role in helping to recycle
nutrients (nourishing minerals) that enrich the soil. When
plants and animals die, their remains are broken down by
scavenging creatures, such as beetles, microscopic bacteria,
and fungi. This releases minerals into the soil. The minerals
fertilize plants so they can grow, and so the cycle of life
begins again.
LIFE IN THE SOIL
A small patch of soil just 1 sq yd (1 sq m) in area can hold
a billion living things. These include insects, spiders, worms,
centipedes, mites, fungi, and tens of thousands of bacteria.
SOIL LAYERS
Soil scientists divide the soil into layers from the surface
down to the underlying bedrock. This is called a soil profile.
The layers in a soil profile are known as horizons. The depth
of each horizon varies among different types of soil.
There are 5 types of soil:

There are seven (7) general roles that soils

play:
1.

Soils serve as media for growth of all kinds of plants.

2.

Soils modify the atmosphere by emitting and absorbing gases (carbon

dioxide, methane, water vapor, and the like) and dust.

3.

Soils provide habitat for animals that live in the soil (such as
groundhogs and mice) to organisms (such as bacteria and fungi), that
account for most of the living things on Earth.

4.

Soils absorb, hold, release, alter, and purify most of the water in
terrestrial systems.

5.

Soils process recycled nutrients, including carbon, so that living things

can use them over and over again.

6.

Soils serve as engineering media for construction of foundations,

roadbeds, dams and buildings, and preserve or destroy artifacts of
human endeavors.

7.

Soils act as a living filter to clean water before it moves into an

PROS AND
CONS
Advantages of using fertilizers:
1.) In addition to releasing
nutrients, as organic fertilizers
break down, they improve the
structure of the soil and
increase its ability to hold water
and nutrients. Over time,
organic fertilizers will make
your soiland plantshealthy
and strong.
2.) Since they are the ultimate
slow-release fertilizers, its very
difficult to over fertilize (and
harm) your plants.
3.) There is little to no risk
toxic buildups of chemicals and
salts that can be deadly to
plants.

4.) Organic fertilizers are

renewable, biodegradable,
sustainable, and environmentally
friendly.
5.) Although rather expensive in
packages, you can make your own
organic fertilizer by composting or
find inexpensive sourcessuch as
local dairy farmsthat may sell
composted manure.
Disadvantages of using fertilizers:
1.) Microorganisms are required to
break down and release nutrients
into the soil. Since they need
warmth and moisture to do their
job, the effectiveness of organic
fertilizer is limited seasonally. The
good news is that these
microorganisms obtain energy from
decaying plant and animal matter,
so an application of organic
fertilizer provides a complete
package of nutrients for your soil.

2.) Organic fertilizers break

down according to natures
rules, so they may not release
nutrients as soon as you need
them. You have to be patient
you wont see improvement
overnight. In fact, you may
actually see a deficiency in your
plants during the first couple of
months until the first
application breaks down. Hang
in there! Youll most definitely
be rewarded.
3.) Nutrient ratios are often
unknown, and the overall
percentage is lower than
chemical fertilizers. However,
some organic products are
actually higher in certain
nutrients.

Crop Rotation
The principle of crop
rotation is to grow specific grous of vegetables
on a different part of the vegetable plot each
year. This helps to reduce a build-up of cropspecific pest and disease problems and it
organises groups of crops according to their
cultivation needs.
Water Retention
Sorting of precipitation
on earths surface as ice or snow or as water on
trees or plants
Permeability
The degree at which porous
material will allow fluids to pass through it.

PLANT HEALTH

Seven reasons why plants die

1. One: Water Issues
2. Two: Sunlight Issues
3. Three: Temperature Issues
4. Four: Pest and Diseases Issue
5. Five: Chemical Issue
6. Six: Nutritional Issue
7. Seven: Fertilizer Issue

A pH meter is an instrument used to measure acidity

or alkalinity of a solution.
*pH- it is unit of measure that describes the degree of
acidity or alkalinity. It is measured on a scale of 0 to 14.

ECOSYSTEM
WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM?
An ecosystem includes all of the living things
(plants, animals and organisms) in a given
area, interacting with each other, and also with
their non-living environments (weather, earth,
sun, soil, climate, atmosphere).

Layers of organization in an
ecosystem

EXAMPLE
S
EXAMPLE
S
EXAMPLE
S
EXAMPLE
S
EXAMPLE
S

Fungi
Bacteria

DECOMPOSERS

Turkey
Humans

TERTIARY CONSUMER

Rat
Dragonfly
Larvae
Grasshopper
Mosquito
Larvae
Grass
Algae

SECONDARY
CONSUMERS
PRIMARY
CONSUMERS
PRODUCERS

All living things need to feed to get energy to grow, move and
reproduce. But what do these living things feed on? Smaller insects
feed on green plants, and bigger animals feed on smaller ones and so
on. This feeding relationship in an ecosystem is called a food chain.
Food chains are usually in a sequence, with an arrow used to show the
flow of energy.

Green
Grass

Grasshop
per

Frog

Hawk

Bird

A food web is a network of many food chains and is more complex.