UMTS Traffic Modelling: Jonathan Kromer Wireless Broadband Group 16 May 2005

UMTS Traffic Modelling
Jonathan Kromer
Wireless Broadband Group
16th May 2005
Objectives
TranslateUserTrafficintoformatforModeling
CreateVoiceandDataMixedTrafficModel
Explaincellcapacity,Erlangs,Kbit/s
Createmodelfordimensioningcapacityof
NodeB,WDM,E1link
Motorola Internal Use Only MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2004.
CS and PS Domain
Single
Traffic
Model
CS and PS Services
UMTS supports:
Circuit DataSwitchnetwork,SoftSwitch
voice
videophone
Datastreaming
PacketswitchedDataGSNComplex
Webbrowsing
Email
Datastreaming...etc
Single Traffic Model
Service Definition
Definition of UMTS Services
service name and class

CS or PS
Min and Max user rate
User rate reduced at high loads
Standard Traffic Classes
conversational
streaming
interactive
background
Concept of Erlang
Erlang is a connection
If a user makes a 15 minute call in the Busy Hour
He utilises one connection for 15/60 of B.H.
Therefore, this is equivalent of 0.25 Erlangs
B.H. = Busy Hour

1 Erlang
1 Erlang
Concept of Erlang
If BHCA = 2
and MCHT = 60 seconds
B.H. Erlangs per Subscriber = 2 * 60 / 3600
B.H. Erlangs per Subscriber = 0.0333
OR 33.3 milli Erlangs per subscriber in B.H.
BHCA=BusyHourCallAttempts
MCHT=MeanCallHoldTime
(AveragedoverallusersandcallsinB.H.)
Concept of Erlang
Eg. 10 users connected in a cell require 10 Erlangs
10 Voice Erlangs with A.F. = 60%
Kbit/s = Erlangs * Rate * A.F.
Uplink throughput = 10 * 12.2 * 0.6 = 73.2 kbit/s
Downlink throughput = 10 * 12.2 * 0.6 = 73.2 kbit/s
A.F.=ActivityFactor
Concept of Erlang
Eg. 10 users connected in a cell require 10 Erlangs
10 Videophone Erlangs with A.F. = 100%
Kbit/s = Erlangs * Rate * A.F.
Uplink throughput = 10 * 64 * 1.0 = 640 kbit/s
Downlink throughput = 10 * 64 * 1.0 = 640 kbit/s
A.F.=ActivityFactor
Voice Traffic Example

240 minutes per month per Sub
Month = 22 days
Minutes of Use per Sub per Day = 240 / 22
Minutes of Use per Sub per Day = 10.91
(Averaged across every Subscriber in Network)
Voice example traffic continued .

MinutesofUseperSubperDay=10.91
Day = 8 Busy Hours Average
Minutes of use per Subscriber per Day = 10.91
8
MinutesofuseperSubscriberperHour=1.364

Voice example traffic continued .
Average use per Subscriber per Busy Hour = 1.364 Minutes
Usage per Subscriber in Busy Hour = 1.364 = 0.0227 Hours
60
Hours of Usage per Busy Hour is same as Erlangs
Therefore, Average Busy Hour Voice Usage per Sub. = 22.7 mErl.

Calculation of Busy Hour Traffic per Subscriber
Average Busy Hour Voice Usage per Sub. = 22.7 mErl.
( kbit/s = Erlang * Rate * A.F. )
22.7 mErlangs = 0.0227 * 12.2 * 0.6
= 0.17 kbit/s (for both UL and DL)
CS Data Traffic Example

Assume Videophone Service
Data Rate at 64kbit/s Uplink and Downlink
Activity Factor of 100% in Uplink and Downlink
UL=64kbit/s
g
n
a
l
r
1 E
DL=64kbit/s

Videophone: Assume average 30 minutes per month per Sub.
Data Rate at 64kbit/s Uplink and Downlink
Conversion between Minutes and MByte per Month
30 minutes per month = 30 * 60 = 1800 seconds

At rate of 64kbit/s, 1800 seconds 1800 * 64 kbit = 115.2 Mbit
Total CS data per month per Subscriber = 14.4 MByte
(112.5 / 8)

Total CS data usage per month per Subscriber is:
30 Minutes OR 14.4 MByte
(Month=22days*8BusyHours)
Minutes of usage in Busy Hour = 30 / 22 / 8 = 0.17

Busy Hour Erlangs per Sub. = 0.17 = 2.84 mErl.
60
BH Kbit/s = 0.00284 * 64 = 0.182 kbit/s per Sub.
UL and DL videophone data is 0.182 kbit/s

Total CS data usage per month per Subscriber is:
30 Minutes OR 14.4 MByte (alternative calculation)
Busy Hour Data per Sub. = 14.4 / 22 / 8 / 3600

= 0.0227 kByte per second
Busy Hour Traffic per Sub. = 0.0227 * 8 = 0.182 kbit/s
UL and DL videophone data is 0.182 kbit/s
PS Data Traffic Example

Assume Mix of Packet Data Service with varying A.F.
Data Rate at 64kbit/s Uplink
Data Rate at 64, 128 and 384kbit/s Downlink
UL=64kbit/s
20MB/month
DL=64to384kbit/s
50MB/month
Packet Data Services

Standard Packet Model
calls per session

packets per call
packet size
reading time
delay specifications
Packet Data Services
Activity Factor
variable for different services

Usually greater in DL than UL
Estimate from traffic model parameters
Dimensioning model uses average
Activity factor for each packet data rate

Assume Total PS data usage per month per Subscriber
is 20 MByte in the Uplink
Busy Hour Data per Sub. = 20 / 22 / 8 / 3600

Average UL packet data per subscriber is 0.2586 kbit/s

Uplink PS Data Traffic
Handset transmit limited to 64kbit/s today
Rate (kbit/s)
MB per Sub
per month
Kbit/s per Sub.

In B.H.
64k
20 MB
0.2586 kbit/s

Assume Total PS data usage per month per Subscriber
is 50 MByte in the Downlink
Busy Hour Data per Sub. = 50 / 22 / 8 / 3600

Average DL packet data per subscriber is 0.6465 kbit/s

Mix of Downlink PS Data Traffic
Rate (kbit/s)
MB per Sub
per month
Kbit/s per
Sub. In B.H.
64k
20 MB
0.2586 kbit/s
128k
20 MB
0.2586 kbit/s
384k
10 MB
0.1293 kbit/s
Traffic Model Summary

Voice
240 minutes per month per Sub
22.7 mErlangs per sub in Busy Hour
Service
UL
Rate
kbit/s
UL
AF
Voice AMR
12.2
CS 64 / 64k
Data Services
50 MByte PS data per month per Sub
14 MByte CS data per month per Sub
BH UL
Traffic per
Sub
DL
Rate
DL
AF
BH DL
Traffic per
Sub
0.6
22.7 mErlang
12.2
0.6
22.7 mErlang
64
1.0
0.182 kbit/s
64
1.0
0.182 kbit/s
PS 64 / 64k
64
0.2
0.103 kbit/s
64
0.4
0.2586 kbit/s
PS 64 / 144k
64
0.2
0.103 kbit/s
144
0.4
0.2586 kbit/s
PS 64 / 384k
64
0.2
0.052 kbit/s
384
0.4
0.1293 kbit/s
kbit/s
Traffic Model Example
Kbit/s=Erlangs*Rate*A.F.
Service Connections (Erlangs) =
Data volume (kbit/s)

Rate * Activity Factor
Fromtrafficmix
Calculatenumberofconnectionsofeachdatarate
Thisproduces%ofsubscribersincellateachrate
Erlangs - voice

.
[ Rate * Activity Factor ]
Example:
Assume network model with 100k subscribers
Voice traffic is 22.7 mErlang per Subscriber
Total voice Erlangs = 22.7 * 100,000 = 2270
1000
2270 Voice Erlangs in Network
Erlangs CS 64k

.
Example:
CS 64k traffic is 0.182 kbit/s per Subscriber
Total CS 64k traffic = 0.182 * 100,000 = 18200 kbit/s
Total CS 64k Erlangs = 18200 / 64 = 248.4 Erlangs
248.4 CS 64k Erlangs in Network
Erlangs PS 64k

.
Example:
Downlink PS 64k traffic is 0.2586 kbit/s per Sub.
Total PS 64k traffic = 0.2586 * 100,000 = 25860 kbit/s
Total PS 64k Erlangs = 25860 / 64 / 0.4 = 1010.2 Erlangs
1010.2 PS 64k Downlink Erlangs in Network
Datarate
ActivityFactor
Erlangs 128k & 384k


.
Downlink PS 128k
Network traffic = 0.2586 * 100,000 = 25860 kbit/s
Total network Erlangs = 25860 / 128 / 0.4 = 505.1 Erlangs
Downlink PS 384k
Network traffic = 0.1293 * 100,000 = 12930 kbit/s
Total network Erlangs = 12930 / 384 / 0.4 = 84.2 Erlangs
Traffic Distribution
Assuming network with 100k Subscribers
Downlink Data
Services
Traffic per
Subscriber
Total network
traffic
Voice 12.2k
22.7 mErlang
2270 Erlangs
CS 64k
0.182 kbit/s
18.2 Mbit/s
PS 64k
0.2586 kbit/s
25.86 Mbit/s
PS 128k
0.2586 kbit/s
25.86 Mbit/s
PS 384k
0.1293 kbit/s
12.93 Mbit/s
Calculate total Erlangs for each service rate
Downlink Data
Services
Traffic per
Subscriber
Total network
traffic
Total network
Erlangs or
Connections
Voice 12.2k
22.7 mErlang
2270 Erlangs
2270
CS 64k
0.182 kbit/s
18.2 Mbit/s
284.4
PS 64k
0.2586 kbit/s
25.86 Mbit/s
1010.2
PS 128k
0.2586 kbit/s
25.86 Mbit/s
505.1
PS 384k
0.1293 kbit/s
12.93 Mbit/s
84.2
Calculate distribution % of Erlangs
Downlink Data
Services
Traffic per
Subscriber
Total network
traffic
Total network
Erlangs or
Connections
%
Connections
Voice 12.2k
22.7 mErlang
2270 Erlangs
2270
54.7 %
CS 64k
0.182 kbit/s
18.2 Mbit/s
284.4
6.8 %
PS 64k
0.2586 kbit/s
25.86 Mbit/s
1010.2
24.3 %
PS 128k
0.2586 kbit/s
25.86 Mbit/s
505.1
12.2 %
PS 384k
0.1293 kbit/s
12.93 Mbit/s
84.2
2.0 %
Traffic distribution in cell

Assuming uniform distribution of traffic for Dimensioning
Total distribution % of Erlangs in Network.
Is also used for distribution of connected users in a cell
Foranycellloading
Numberofusersat
eachratecanbe
calculatedfrom%
Connected users in cell

Assume20connectedusersineachcell
Calculatenumberofconnectedusersateachrate
Service
DL %
Connected Users
Voice AMR
54.7 %
10.9
CS 64 / 64k
6.8 %
1.4
PS 64 / 64k
24.3 %
4.9
PS 64 / 144k
12.2 %
2.4
PS 64 / 384k
2.0 %
0.4
Cell throughput
Assume20connectedusersineachcell
Calculatenumberofconnectedusersateachrate
Calculatecellthroughputtotal479kbit/s
Service
DL %
Connected Users
Throughput
(kbit/s)
Voice AMR
54.7 %
10.9
80.0
CS 64 / 64k
6.8 %
1.4
87.6
PS 64 / 64k
24.3 %
4.9
124.5
PS 64 / 144k
12.2 %
2.4
124.5
PS 64 / 384k
2.0 %
0.4
62.3
Equipment Dimensioning
NumberofConnectedUserspercellproduces:
OVSFCodeRequirements
WDMrequirementsperNodeB
E1linksconnectedtosite
Scrambling Codes
& Downlink Spreading Codes (OVSF)
BIT Rate
Chip Rate
Chip Rate
Channelisation code
Scrambling
code
DATA
Spreading codes are Orthogonal Variable

Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes, similar to
CDMA Walsh codes, which preserve the
orthogonality among different channels.
Code Tree for the Spreading Codes
c4,1 = (1,1,1,1)
c2,1 = (1,1)
c4,2 = (1,1,-1,-1)
c1,1 = (1)
c4,3 = (1,-1,1,-1)
c2,2 = (1,-1)
c4,4 = (1,-1,-1,1)
SF = 1
SF = 2
SF = 4
DCH SF
Data rate (kbps)
256
30
128
60
64
120
32
240
16
480
960
Scrambling Codes
DownlinkOrthogonality
SinglePrimaryScramblingCodepercell
Alluserschannelizationcodesderivedfromsamecode
AllOVSFcodesorthogonal
Limittocodesavailable
Downlink OVSF Codes

384kusermayhaveSF=8
64kusersmayhaveSF=32
348kuserstakes4timescoderesourcecomparedtovoiceuser
PartofcodetreeatSF=256isrequiredforCCCH
AtSF=8,Maximum384kusersis7
AtSF=32,maximum64kusersis31
Example OVSF Codes

Cellloadingfrompreviousexample
Connected
Users
SF
Normalised (to
SF=256) OVSF Codes
256
Voice AMR
11
128
CS 64 / 64k
32
16
(256/32 * 2)
PS 64 / 64k
32
40
(256/32 * 5)
PS 64 / 128k
16
48
(256/16 * 3)
PS 64 / 384k
32
(256/8 * 1)
Service
Common Control
Channels
22 (256/128 * 11)
TotalCodeTreeUtilization=163/256=64% RunTraffic
Model
Spreadsheet

UMTS Traffic Modelling: Jonathan Kromer Wireless Broadband Group 16 May 2005

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UMTS Traffic Modelling

Single Traffic Model

service name and class

Standard Traffic Classes

B.H. = Busy Hour

Voice Traffic Example

Voice Traffic Example

Voice example traffic continued .

Voice Traffic Example

Voice Traffic Example

CS Data Traffic Example

CS Data Traffic Example

Conversion between Minutes and MByte per Month

30 minutes per month = 30 * 60 = 1800 seconds

CS Data Traffic Example

Minutes of usage in Busy Hour = 30 / 22 / 8 = 0.17

CS Data Traffic Example

Busy Hour Data per Sub. = 14.4 / 22 / 8 / 3600

PS Data Traffic Example

Packet Data Services

calls per session

Packet Data Services

variable for different services

PS Data Traffic Example

Busy Hour Data per Sub. = 20 / 22 / 8 / 3600

PS Data Traffic Example

Kbit/s per Sub.

PS Data Traffic Example

Busy Hour Data per Sub. = 50 / 22 / 8 / 3600

PS Data Traffic Example

Traffic Model Summary

Traffic Model Example

Data volume (kbit/s)

Data volume (kbit/s)

Data volume (kbit/s)

Data volume (kbit/s)

Erlangs 128k & 384k

Data volume (kbit/s)

Traffic distribution in cell

Connected users in cell

Spreading codes are Orthogonal Variable

Code Tree for the Spreading Codes

Data rate (kbps)

Downlink OVSF Codes

Example OVSF Codes

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