COMPUTER SYSTEMS:

Type of computer systems

Prof. Shraddha Jadeja

How Many Types Of Computer Are There?

There are two types of computer

According to Work

According to Size

Types
Types Of
Of Computer
Computer
According
According to
to work
work

Analog
computer

Digital
computer

Hybrid
computer

ANALOG COMPUTERS
These
computers which operate on
measuring method are called analog
computer. E.g. measuring magnitude (size)
of earthquake, temperature , pressure,
voltage etc.
This computer are used for scientific and
engineering purpose.
Such computers are do not produce out put
in a printed form but
the out put is
represented graphically. Hence common out
device is a plotter.
Use in Engineering industries and Chemical
industries

DIGITAL COMPUTERS

The computer, which operates only on

counting methods, is called digital
computer.
They are widely used for commercial data
processing. It is versatile (flexible) &
performs calculations based upon the
electrical signals stored in its memory.
The common output device attached to
such computer is a printer.
Its capability of storing large volume of
information than Analog Computers

Examples
Calculators
Accounting machines

Applications

Scientific research
Business
Education
Factories
Market for sales

HYBRID COMPUTERS
Computers

that process analog as well

as digital data are called hybrid
computers.
Its
It

used mostly in scientific research.

combines the best features of both

digital and analog.

Hybrid

computers have the accuracy of

analog and speed of digital computers

Applications

In hospitals

In Air Defence system

Types Of Computer According To Size

MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
Large in size.

Fill a large room

Although Mainframes are not as powerful

as supercomputers, but certainly they are

quite expensive however, and many large
firms & government organizations uses
Mainframes to run their business operations.
The

Mainframe

accommodated

computers
in

large

rooms because of its size.

can

be

air-conditioned

MAINFRAME COMPUTERS

Expensive

Large in memory

Powerful

Used in large organizations

Perform multiple jobs

Support hundred of users

Need air conditioned rooms

MINI COMPUTERS
As compared to mainframe, mini
computers are:

Small in size.

Occupy small room.

These

computers are not designed

for a single user. Individual
departments of a large company or
organizations use Mini-computers
for specific purposes.
Mini-computers

for
specific
purposes.
For
example,
a
production department can use
Mini-computers
for
monitoring
certain production process.

MINI COMPUTERS

Less Expensive

Small in memory

Less Powerful

Used in small organizations

Perform multiple jobs

Support fewer users

MICRO COMPUTERS
A

microcomputer is a complete
computer on a smaller scale and is
generally a synonym for the more
common term, personal computer or
PC , a computer designed for an
individual.
Its
used to control washing
machine and the highly visible
personal computers you see on
desktops both fall in to this category.
Its used to accounting , statistics
analysis,
graphics,
investment
analysis, project management.
Microcomputer are also used in the
field of teaching (computer acts as a
teacher)
and
entertainment
(computer games)

Examples : PCs, Laptops , Palmtop

MICRO COMPUTERS
As

compared to mainframe and mini computers, micro computers are:

Smallest in size

Placed on the top of desk thats why called desktop

Laptop is microcomputer

Personal Computers (PCs)

These

computers.

computers are the cheapest among the other three types of

computers. The Micro-computers are specially designed for general
usage like entertainment, education and work purposes. Well known
manufacturers of Micro-computer are Dell, Apple, Samsung, Sony &
Toshiba.

MICRO COMPUTERS

Least Expensive

Smallest in memory

Least Powerful

Used in small business, schools, homes

SUPER COMPUTERS

Complex machines

Use advance techniques

High speed

Large in size

Require air-conditioned rooms

Perform calculations

Applications

Weather forecasting

Nuclear research

These

computers are used for

research purposes, like NASA

uses supercomputers for
launching space shuttles,
controlling them.

Summary

Analog

Digital

Hybrid

Generations of
computers
The history of computer
development is often referred to in
reference to the different generations of computing devices.
Each generation of computer is characterized by a major
technological development that fundamentally changed the
way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller,
cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable
devices.

UNIVAC Vacuum Tubes

(1950's)
Vacuum tubes for circuitry
Magnetic drum
s
for Memory

(Path)
A device controlling
electric current

First Generation (19401956)

Vacuum Tubes

The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry (Path)

and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous
(huge , vast), taking up entire rooms.
They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using
a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat.

FIRST GENERATION1940-1956)

First generation computers relied on

machine language ,
the
lowest-level
programming language understood by
computers, to perform operations, and they
could only solve one problem at a time.
Input was based on punched cards and
paper tape, and output was displayed on
printouts.
First
generation
language
Machine
Languge

Punched cards

Paper tape

FIRST GENERATION1940-1956

The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are

examples of first-generation computing
devices. The UNIVAC was the first
commercial computer.

(Universal Automatic Computer) and

ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator
And calculator which
was the first
large-scale computer

Second Generation
(1956-1963) Transistors
Transistors replaced vacuum tubes

Second Generation (19561963) Transistors

Transistors

replaced vacuum tubes.

The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not
see widespread use in computers until the late
1950s.
The transistor was far superior to the vacuum
tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster,
cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable
than their first-generation predecessors. Though
the transistor still generated a great deal of heat
that subjected the computer to damage, it was a
vast improvement over the vacuum tube.
Second-generation
computers still relied on
punched cards for input and printouts for output.

Second-generation computers moved from

machine language to symbolic, or assembly
languages, which allowed programmers to
specify instructions in words.
The first computers of this generation were
developed for the atomic energy industry.
The second generation language- Assembly
languages

Third Generation (19641971) Integrated Circuits

Third Generation (19641971) Integrated Circuits

The development of the integrated circuit

was the hallmark of the third generation of
computers.
Transistors were miniaturized and placed
on silicon chips, called semiconductors,
which drastically increased the speed and
efficiency of computers.
The third generation language are high
level such as C language

Third Generation (19641971) Integrated Circuits

Instead of punched cards and printouts, users

interacted with third generation computers
through keyboards , monitors and interfaced
with an operating system, which allowed the
device to run many different applications at
one time with a central program that
monitored the memory.
Computers for the first time became accessible
to a mass audience because they were smaller
and cheaper than previous computer .

Fourth Generation (1971Present) Microprocessors

The microprocessor brought the fourth

generation of computers, as thousands of
integrated circuits were built onto a single
silicon chip. What in the first generation filled
an entire room could now fit in the palm of the
hand.
The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971,
located all the components of the computer
from the central processing unit and memory
to input/output controlson a single chip.
Fourth generation language - human language

Fourth Generation

In 1981 IBM introduced its first

computer for the home user, and in
1984
Apple
introduced
the
Macintosh. Microprocessors also
moved out of the realm of desktop
computers and into many areas of
life as more and more everyday
products
began
to
use
microprocessors.

Fourth Generation
As these small computers became more
powerful, they could be linked together to
form networks, which eventually led to
the development of the Internet. Fourth
generation computers also saw the
development of GUIs, the mouse and
handheld devices.
Graphical user interface ( GUI)
A way for humans to interact
with computers (GUI) interface
menus with mouse

Fifth Generation (Present

and Beyond) Artificial
Intelligence
Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial

intelligence, are still in development, though there are

some applications, such as voice recognition, that are
being used today.
(You can use your voice to control your computer)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is technology and a branch of
computer science that studies and develops intelligent
machines and software.
Artificial Intelligence is the branch of computer science
concerned with making computers behave like humans.
The goal of fifth generation computing is to develop a
device that respond to natural language for interfacing
with the system so that people who are not necessarily
computer expert can use them naturally.

programming computers
to see and hear
and react
other sensory
stimuli
programming
computers
to see
andtohear
and react
to other sensory stimuli

programming computers to play games such as chess

expert systems help doctors diagnose diseases based

on symptoms

Laptop vs. Notebook

A laptop computer, or simply

laptop is a small mobile
computer,
which
usually
weighs 2-18 pounds (around 1
to 8 kilograms), depending on
size, materials, and other
factors.

A Notebook is an extremely
lightweight personal computer.
Notebook computers typically
weigh less than 6 pounds and
are small enough to fit easily in
a briefcase.

Laptop

Notebook

Cooling system:

Has fans and other

system like in desktop
adjusted to suit its use.

Usually do not have an

effective cooling system
as processing power is
lesser than Laptops.

Main manufacturers:

HP, Dell, Lenovo, Asus,

Samsung, Packard Bell,
Compaq

Apple, Samsung, Sony,

Toshiba, Dell

Thickness

Laptop: A portable
computer small enough
to use on one's lap.

Notebook: A light,
portable computer that
is generally thinner
than a laptop.

Battery life

3 hour (+/-) battery life.

4 - 5 hour battery life.

DVD /CD

Internal DVD or CDdrive

No internal DVD or CD
system.