Professional Documents
Culture Documents
REPAIRS
TO
OVERCOME
LOW
MEMBER STRENGTH:
These guidelines have the following objectives;
To indicate appropriate methods of repair and
restoration taking into account the building type
and the type of damage.
To
recommend
methods
of
seismic
strengthening to upgrade the strength of the
building in line with the requirements of the
seismic-zoning map of India (IS : 1893-1984)
and Earthquake Resistance Codes (13 : 43261993) and (18:13828-1993).
RESTORATION :
This includes actions taken for restoring the lost
strength of structural elements of the building. This is
done by making the columns, piers, beams and walls
at least as strong as originally provided as follows:
Removal of portions of cracked masonry walls and
piers, and rebuilding them in richer mortar. Use of
non-shrinking mortar will be preferable.
Addition of reinforcing mesh on both faces of the
cracked wall, holding it to the wall through spikes or
bolts and then covering it suitably with micro-concrete
or 1:3 cement -coarse sand plaster.
STRENGTHENING OF FOUNDATIONS
Seismic strengthening of foundations before or after the
earthquake is the most involved task since it may require
careful underpinning operations. Some alternatives are given
below for preliminary consideration of the strengthening
scheme.
Introducing new load bearing members including
foundations to relieve the already loaded members. Jacking
operations may be needed in this process.
Improving the drainage of the area to prevent saturation of
foundation soil to obviate any problems of liquefaction which
may occur because of poor drainage.
Providing apron around the building to prevent soaking of
foundation directly and draining off the water.
CRACKING
Cracking, like corrosion of reinforcing steel, is not
commonly a cause of damage to concrete. Instead,
cracking is a symptom of damage created by some
other cause.
All Portland cement concrete undergoes some
degree of shrinkage during hydration. This
shrinkage produces multidirectional drying
shrinkage and curing shrinkage cracking having a
somewhat circular pattern. Such cracks seldom
extend very deeply into the concrete and can
generally be ignored.