PUMPS

ARVIND CHAUHAN

PUMP
DEFINITION

PUMP IS A MECHANICAL DEVICE USED

TO INCREASE THE PRESSURE OF A
FLUID. THIS IS DONE BY CREATING
LOW PRESSURE AT THE SUCTION END,
SO THAT FLUID CAN BE SUCKED FROM
WHERE IT IS AVAILABLE AND HIGH
PRESSURE IS CREATED AT THE
DISCHARGE END, SO THAT FLUID IS
RAISED TO THE REQUIRED HEIGHT.

PUMP - DEFINITION
PUMP IS A MACHINE INTENDED TO
RAISE THE PRESSURE OF AN
INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID USING
MECHANICAL ENERGY FROM AN
EXTERNAL SOURCE (i.e.) DRIVER

CLASSIFICATION OF
PUMPS
ON THE BASIS OF :

Application.
Material.
Liquid they handle.

PUMPS - TYPES
RECEPROCATING
ROTORY

Pum ps

D is p la c e m e n t

R e c ip r o c a t in g
P is t o n , P lu n g e r

D y n a m ic

R o ta ry
D ia p h r a g m

S in g le r o t o r

M u lt ip le r o t o r

V a n e , P is t o n , S c r e w

G e a r, L o b e , S c re w

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
AN ENCLOSED VESSEL IS COMPLETELY FILLED WITH
LIQUID. IF THIS LIQUID IS ROTATED BY MEANS OF A
WHEEL, CENTRIFUGAL FORCE WOULD BE GENERATED
BY THE WHEEL ON TO THE LIQUID. THIS FORCE IS
GREATEST AT THE OUTERMOST RADIUS, THUS
FORCING THE LIQUID TO MOVE OUT. DUE TO THIS A
PARTIAL VACUUM IS CREATED AT THE CENTRE OF THE
WHEEL. IF MORE LIQUID IS AVALIABLE, IT WOULD BE
SUCKED AND IT IS DISCHARGED OUT. THIS IS BASIC
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP. IN
THE ABOVE EXAMPLE THE WHEEL IS CALLED THE
IMPELLER AND VESSEL IS CASING.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
CONSISTS OF A BLADED IMPELLER MOUNTED ON A
SHAFT WHICH ROTATES IN A STATIONARY HOUSING
CALLED PUMP CASING.
SUC. & DISCH. NOZZLES ARE INTEGRAL PART OF
PUMP CASING.
AS IMPELLER ROTARES, THE LIQUID ENTERING THE
SUC. NOZZLE ATTAINS HIGH VELOCITY OR K.E
WHICH GETS CONVERTED INTO PRESSURE ENERGY
WITHIN THE CASING DUE TO DIVERGENT SECTION
OF PUMP AND THE LIQUID COMES OUT OF DISCH.
NOZZLE AT A HIGHER PRESSURE.

SINGLE STAGE PUMP

CLASSIFICATION OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Depending upon Working head :
a) Low Lift pumps
b) Medium Lift pumps
c) High Lift pumps

Depending upon Type of Casing :

a) Volute pumps
b) Diffuser pumps

Depending upon No. of Impellers :

a) Single stage pumps
b) Multi stage pumps

MULTI-STAGE PUMP

CLASSIFICATION OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS..
Depending upon No. of inlets :
a) Single suction pump
b) Double suction pump

According to Position of shaft :

a) Vertical shaft
b) Horizontal shaft

Depending upon Type of impeller :

a) Closed impeller
b) Open impeller
c) Semi open impeller

DOUBLE SUCTION PUMP

CLASSIFICATION OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS..
According to Casing construction :
a) Horizontally split
b) Vertically split
c) Barrel type

Depending upon Drive :

a) Motor driven
b) Turbine driven
c) I.C.Engine driven

According to Specific speed :

a) Slow speed

b) Normal speed c) High speed

COMPONENTS OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
IMPELLER :
- heart of pump
- consists of vanes, shrouds and eye
- liquid enters into eye, rotate in the impeller and
comes out at outer periphery with high velocity.
- classified : as per construction
Closed, semi open, open
: as per flow inside
Radial, mixed, axial

COMPONENTS OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS..
Closed Impellers:
- shrouds on both sides of impeller
- used in pumps handling clear liquids
Open Impellers:
- does not have shroud on any side
- used in pumps handling viscous & abrasive
liquids
Semi open Impellers:
- shroud on one side of impeller

COMPONENTS OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS..
CASING :
- houses the rotating impeller & guides the
fluid from inlet to outlet.
- inlet/outlet nozzles
- pressure part
- should be designed as to minimise the loss
of kinetic head through eddy formations
- Generally two types of casing:
a) Volute casing b) Diffusion casing

COMPONENTS OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS..
Volute casing:
- spiral type
- cross section of flow stream gradually
increases towards the discharge end.
Diffusion casing:
- impeller is surrounded by a guide wheel,
consisting of no. of stationary vanes which
provides outlet with increasing c/s towards
periphery water.
- Angle of guide vane at inlet should
coincide with angle of impeller at outlet.

COMPONENTS OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS..
Casings may also be distinguished as:
(a) Horizontally split:
- generally for low pressure service
- brgs. on both side of impeller
(b) Vertically split:
- split vertically perpendicular to shaft axis.
- high temp. and pressure service.
(c) Barrel type:
- must be open from one side to install &
repair.

COMPONENTS OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS..
SHAFT :
- main rotating part on which all rotating
elements are mounted.
- transmits torque and in turn, power from
prime mover to impeller.
- connected to driver with the help of
coupling or belts or G/box.
- should have sufficient strength so that it
can withstand various loads coming on it.

COMPONENTS OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS..
STUFFING BOX :
- main fn. is to arrest the leakage (i.e.) the
system used to prevent leakage is fitted in
this box.
- gland packing / mech seal
BEARING HOUSING :
- houses the brg. for pump & gives support to
rotor assembly.
- provides space for lube. oil for brgs. & very
often a cooling jacket also

COMPONENTS OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS..
BEARINGS :
- supports rotating shaft.
- Different types : according to their functions - Radial and thrust
according to design requirements of thrust and
radial loads Friction and anti-friction
- Various types used in centrifugal pump:
Ball brg.
Roller brg. Sleeve brg. Tilted pad
-

both radial & axial load

radial load in much higher capacity
high loads
high thrust loads or heavy duty pump

COMPONENTS OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS..
SLEEVES :
- protects the shaft from direct corrosion,erosion
or wear.
- rotating member along with shaft.
DEFLECTORS :
- used in brg. hsg. & is mounted on main pump
shaft
- to prevent brg oil to come out from chamber
along the shaft due to rotation
- rotating member

COMPONENTS OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS..
WEARING RINGS :
- For best eff., stator & rotor clearances
must be close, otherwise, back flow of
pumped liq. will be there from high press.
zone to low press. zone.
For this, separate rings are fitted both on
impeller mating dia & in the casing to safe
guard the major parts of pump.

COMPONENTS OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS..
LANTERN RINGS :
- prevents air leakage into the pump when
the pump is operating below atmospheric
pressure
- prevent leakage of fluid being pumped
- cools & lubricate the packing.

BALANCING DEVICE
IN CASE OF MULTI STAGE PUMPS
Balancing Holes : Whenever discharge pressure &
consequently axial thrust is lower
However when this axial thrust is higher, a
separate balancing device has to be provided :
a) Balancing Disc / Counter balancing disc :
- 100 % axial thrust is balanced
- no separate thrust brg is necessary
b) Balancing Piston
- 95 % axial thrust is balanced
- needs separate thrust brg

BALANCING DISC

TERMS RELATED TO
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

CAPACITY
PUMP HEAD
POWER INPUT TO PUMP
SPECIFIC SPEED
SYSTEM HEAD
PIPING HEAD
CHARACTERSTICS CURVES
CAVITATION
NPSH reqd.
NPSH available

NPSH required
THE NPSH - NET POSITIVE SUCTION
HEAD, IS A STATEMENT OF MINIMUM
SUCTION CONDITIONS REQUIRED TO
PREVENT CAVITATION OF A PUMP.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP WILL ONLY OPERATE
SATISFACTORILY IF THERE IS NO BUILD OF
PRESSURE WITHIN THE PUMP.
IT IS DETERMINED BY TEST & USUALLY
STATED BY MANUFACTURER OF PUMP.

NPSH available
THE AVAILABLE NPSH AT INTALLATION
MUST BE AT LEAST EQUAL TO THE
REQUIRED NPSH IF CAVITATION IS TO BE
PREVENTED.
NPSHA SHOULD BE MORE THAN NPSHR
BY 0.5M MIN.

NPSHA CALCULATION
SYMBOLS USED FOR NPSH CALCULATION
Pe - pr. at inlet section of plant
Pb - barometric pr.
PD - vap. pr. of liquid
Ve - flow vel. at inlet section
Hv,s - head loss at suction
side
Hs geo - static suction
lift
Hz geo - static positive
suction head

OPERATING POINT
EVERY CENTRIFUGAL PUMP WILL
ESTABLISH AN OPERATING POINT B WHICH
IS THE POINT OF INTERSECTION BETWEEN
THE PUMP CURVE (QH curve) AND THE
PIPING CURVE.

SELECTION OF PUMPS &

AUXILIARIES
(A) MODEL SELECTION

Minimum data from User to manufacturer :

- liquid to be handled
(comp,temp,vap press,sp gr,solids,viscosity)
- flow (flow reqd,variation reqd,minm. Flow)
- head (head reqd-differential)
- Suction & discharge pressure
- NPSHA
- future requirement of revised duty, if any.

SELECTION OF PUMPS &

AUXILIARIES
(B) PERFORMANCE EVALUATION :
- Pump Characteristics (head,power,NPSH,eff. Vs
Flow)
- Pump RPM & Diameter
- Pump BKW
- Rated impeller diameter
- Max. Power
- Max. Head
- Minimum continuous flow

AUTOMATIC RECIRCULATION VALVE

MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE :
Weekly checks
Preventive maint.
Repair or overhaul operations
WEEKLY CHECKS : (Weekly)
i) Bearing temperature
ii) Suction & Discharge pressure
iii) lub. oil temp & pressure
iv) Any leakage to atmosphere (Stuffing box / oil seal)
v) Motor amps
vi) Oil level
vii) Vibrations and any abnormal sound

MAINTENANCE
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE :(Once in 6 months)
i) Checking of foundation bolts for any looseness.
ii) Checking of coupling condition, replacement of bushes /
tightening of bolts, if required.
iii) Check for the quantity & condition of oil after opening the
drain plug of bearing housing.
iv) Check the coupling conditions and ensure the tightening of
bolts (Shims / tyres / bushes)
v) Check the play in the bearing.
vi) Check the alignment of critical pumps, wherever necessary.
vii) Do the lubrication in Gear / Bibby type coupling
viii) Attend the Mechanical Seal / Gland packing / Oil seal in
case
it is leaking.

MAINTENANCE
REPAIR & OVERHAUL OPERATIONS :
Parts of Centrifugal pump :
- Stationary part : Casing, bearing hsg,suction &
discharge flanges, packing, base plates
- Rotating parts : impeller, shaft, shaft sleeve,
wearingring, bearings
IMPELLER : - Following points to be checked :
- Wear on eyes, vanes, shrouds, wearing rings, hub
passages
- Corrosion & erosion
- Dynamic balancing

MAINTENANCE
SHAFT :
- bend on shafts
- Wear points : s/box, bearing, labyrinth
- Reconditioning of shaft : metal spraying or welding
WEARING RINGS :
- uneven wear
- wear ring clearances
- condition of counter sunk screws
SHAFT SLEEVES :
- wear on sleeve
- concentricity

MAINTENANCE
BEARINGS :
- Visually check races for abnormal wear & balls for damage
- condn of cage
CASING :
- erosion & corrosion
- replacement of gaskets
BEDPLATE & FOUNDATION :
- should be cleaned of oil & grease
- check for cracks in foundation.
PIPING :
- to be checked for leaks, damaged insulation water
hammer, defective valves

EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP

INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

SCREW PUMP

THANK YOU