EGYPT

GROUP 4

FACTS ABOUT EGYPT

Christianitywas the main religion in Egypt

between the Fourth and Sixth Centuries.
Ancient Egyptians worshiped over 1,400
different gods and goddesses
Toiletswere found in many ancient
Egyptian tombs.
In the border betweenEgypt and Sudan,
there are 795 sq miles of land unclaimed.
Written language was invented
independentlyby the Egyptians,
Sumerians, Chinese, and Mayans.

TheGreat Pyramidof Giza has8 sides

TheStatue of Libertywas intended

forEgypt.

The tradition of
exchangingwedding ringsgoes
back to ancient Egyptiantimes.
Gypsy - is short for "Egyptian."
Egyptis themost populated
country inMiddle Eastand has
the world'slargest Arab
population.
Cleopatra, the last Pharaoh of
Egypt, was actuallyGreek, not
Egyptian.

Article Objective
Since Nassers rule Egypt has been having a repeated
failure in the governments
There have been various policy shifts
The article suggests the study of past history to judge
the government.
Overthrowing monarchy - 1952
After 1952 Power into the Civilian clad military
presidents
Absolute Power , no checks and balances
Is this revolution different?
Is the economic situation going to improve?
Would the labour productivity increase?

BRITISH RULE MONARCH-MILITARY

1882 1922 British ruled Egypt

During 1882 ottoman empire was ruling Egypt which was
weak and ultimately controlled by the British
1922 Egypt received independence from British
British retained control over Suez canal, Sudan, External
borders
1936 1952 Ruled byKing Farouk of the Muhammed Ali
dynasty
After 1952 Military coup led by Free Officers Movement
Though they got independence they were still being
controlled by the British.
1942 clash of opinion on which party should form the
government between King and British Ambassador Sir
Lampson.
Forced king to abduct or be Prime Minister
1948 war between Arab Isreali
Egypt lost
Power transfer to Military

1952 Egyptian Revolution

Refusal of Egyptians
to handover the
suspect militants who
attacked over British
near Suez

British Killed 50
policemen in
Ismailia

Riots all over the Country

Cairo Public chaos with King, British, PM on failed Security
FREE OFFICERS MOVEMENT took the power
MEDIA announcement by future president of FOM ANWAR

No discipline in Egypt Corruption, bribery ( Reason for Palestine defeat)

Corrupted army NO ARMY TO DEFEND EGYPT
Clean the army with trusted men

King Farouk abdicted

Power to RCC Revolutionary Command Council with 9
senior members from FOM

NASSER ERA
POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM
RCC reformed constitution of 1923
Made an interim constitution
Abolished all political parties
No traitors who supported British and King

Crowd acceptance Binding factor Muslim(Newly formed)

3 year transitional rule later which 1st Free Election

3 year Rule disagreement

GAMEL ABDUL NASSER RCC Chairman, 2nd President of
Egypt

o Next 16 years rule

o Secret Police cells
o Phone line tapping of effluent people of Egypt

1954- Permanent Constitution, First Egyptian Republic

Right to Vote for Women
Formation of National Assembly

ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL MODEL,

DEMOGRAPHIC

Policy Shift Socialist System

AGRAGARIAN Reform

Before, 65% of land owned by 6% of Egyptians

>210 distribution of land to local farmers
Produce trading
Set price caps to land rents

+ ) growth in cultivable lands

- ) Suffocated economies of Scale and innovation

Centric Industrialism model 5 year plan 2X GDP in a

decade
Industrialization Steel, Cotton, ASWAN Dam (Electricity)
GDP 9% p.a. Manufacturing Share 14% in 1940 to 35% in
1970

1960 28M growth rate- 2.4%

Cosmopolitan, High Immigrant population
Large Ethnic Diversity

NASSER RULE

INTERVENTIONIST RULE
NATIONALISATION

Elite fled, Immigrants reduced Ethnic diversity reduced

1952 1970 4 military conflicts

1967 war between Isreal and Egypt, Syria
Egypt lost
Significant land loss
Nasser resigned and in a day withdrew due to crowd
disagreement
1970 Nasser died