Integrated Studies II Electrical services for

Commercial Building

Introduction
Nowadays electricity system is very important that it can
improve our life quality and reinforce capacity of protecting
our assets. Also, all of building services systems are fully
depending upon electricity system to support for proceeding
operation such as HVAC system, fire services system, water
supply system, and Building Management System (BMS).
Having these systems our life quality and assets can be
improved and protected. In brief, a complete electricity system
is necessary established in the building.

Building Description
The proposed building comprises loading/unloading bay,
car parks and typical offices. The overall building height
is approximately 45.75m
Floor

Description

G/F

Main Entrance and Car Park

1/F

Mechanical Room

2/F~8/F Typical Offices

R/F

Mechanical Room &Lift

Machine Room

Level (m)

Height
(m)

GFA
(m2)

Storey

+0

5.9

1330

+5.9

5.9

806

+40.85(8/F
)

4.15

745

+45.75

4.9

767

Design Standard
Electrical service
The Hong Kong Government EMSD Code of Practice for the Electricity Wiring
Regulations, 2009 Edition
The Institution of Electrical Engineers (I.E.E.) Wiring Regulations (BS7671), 16th
Edition and subsequent amendments
The Code of Practice for protection of structures against lightning BS 6551
Regulations of the Fire Services Department, Buildings Department and other
relevant Government Authorities.
The lighting design will be based on IES Lighting Handbook and CIBSE Code for
Lighting 2002 : Addendum 2004

Electrical Load Estimation

In accordance with:
1.CLP Powers load assessment procedure
2.EMSD, COP for Energy Efficiency of Air Conditioning Installations, 2007
Edition
3.ASHRAE, Fundamentals Handbook

Electrical Load Estimation

Thus, one number of 3-phase 1500 kVA transformers are used to

supply the electricity to the entire building.

Low Voltage Schematic Diagram

Calculate for Cable Sizing

Use the following formula to determine the current carrying capacity Iz of
a cable for continuous service:

(Ca) Take 35C ambient temperature for cable selection. Ref. COP Table A5 (1)
(Cg) Multi core cables on cable tray have 2 cable diameters between adjacent cables,
so the correction factor is 1.
(Ci) No Thermal insulation, so the correction factor is 1.
(Cp) Where no used semi-enclosed fuse, so the correction factor is 1.
(Ib) Design current < (In) Over current protective device < (It) Current calculate with
correction factor < (Iz) Cable capacity. Ref. COP Table A6 (8)

Cable Sizing Result

Table of cable sizing :

Voltage Drop Formula

In situations where the circuit conductors span large distances, the voltage drop is
calculated.

In accordance with COP for the Electricity (Wiring) regulations 2009, Voltage
drop allowance < 4% of normal voltage of the supply
VD = Voltage drop in volts
VD% = Percentage of voltage drop (VD source voltage x 100). It is this value
that is commonly called "voltage drop" and is cited in the NEC 215.2(A)(4) and
throughout the NEC.
L = One-way length of the circuit's feeder (in feet)
R = Resistance factor per NEC Chapter 9, Table 8, in ohm/kft
I = Load current (in amperes)

Voltage Drop Result

Lighting Layout Plan for Typical floor

Power Layout Plan for Typical floor

Power Supply System

Transformers are provided
by CLP Electric Co.Ltd.
L.V. Main Switchboard
Complete with busbars,
air circuit breakers, fuse
switches, switch fuses,
moulded case circuit
breakers, protection
relays

Power Supply System

In reference to Commercial Code
of Practice 215 Load Assessment
Procedure issued by China Light
& Power Company Ltd., the
electrical load is estimated.
According to the total load
estimated of the commercial
building is 902 kVA.
Minimum of 1 numbers of 1500
kVA transformer are required and
to be installed by CLP.

Essential Power Supply

According to essential loading estimated is 425kVA.
So, proposed the size of Generator is 600 kVA

Lighting System by the CIBSE Guide

Accordance to Code for Lighting 2002 : Addendum 2004 by CIBSE

Areas

Illuminance (lux)

Glare Rating

Public Corridor

100

28

Office

500

19

Main Lobby

200

19

E&M Plant Room

200

25

Toilet

200

Guard Room

500

19

Carpark

300

25

Lighting System by the CIBSE Guide

Lumen method:
Average luminance of a rectangular room and corridor, the average luminance
produced by a lighting installation can be determined by the formula:

Where
E = average luminance or lighting level over the working plane
F = bare lamp flux or lighting power output per lamp
n = number of lamps per luminaries
N = number of luminaries in the room
MF = maintenance factor
UF = Utilization factor of the room at the working plane
A = area of the working plane
In order to use the formula, the room index and the room reflectance must
be known in order that the Utilization factor UF can be determined.

Emergency Lighting System

Emergency lighting will be provided throughout the whole building. The lighting shall be
of self-contained either maintained or non-maintained type with 2 hours battery and
charger. It will maintain the horizontal illuminance not less than 5 lux on floor level, and
meet with the FSD COP requirements.
The percentage of luminaires will be circuited in the essential power supply at different
areas

Location

Percentage

Exit signs

100%

Lobbies/corridors

20%

Staircases

100%

Plant room

20%

Public areas

20%

Lightning Protection System

A lightning protection
system comply to the
requirement of BS 6651 will
be provided.
The system will comprise of
copper type air terminals
and structural down
conductors to earthing
electrode.

Lightning Protection System

Based on BS 6651:1992, Part 2, the overall lightning is calculated as the
following to determine whether or not lightning protection is needed.
Probability of being struck, P = Ac x Ng x 10-6
Collection area, Ac = LW + 2LH + 2WH + H2
So, the calculate to result is require 15 down conductors shall be provided
and a spacing of 2m is necessary for this voltage and therefore the pipe needs
to be bonded to the lightning protection system at the top or bottom to
eliminate the resistive voltage.

Vertical Transportation System

Description

Qty.

Floors Served

Passenger lift

G/F 8/F

Firemens Lift

G/F 8/F

Lift System Calculation Result

From design literature for travel
High of ground floor + high of first floor + high of two floor to eight floor
= 5.9+5.9+7x4.15 = 40.85m
Suitable contract speed of lift= 2.5 m/s
Probable number of stops = S=N-N[(N-1)/N]p = 9-9[(9-1)/9]0.8x13 = 6.356
Upward journey time = S[(L/Sv)+2v] = 6.356{[(5.9+5.9+4.15x6)/6.356x2.5]+2x2.5 = 46.46s
Downward journey time = L/v + 2v = [(5.9+5.9+4.15x6)/2.5]+2x2.5 = 19.68s
Door operation time= (Do+Dc)x S= (0.8+3)x6.356=24.15s
Passenger transfer time= 2xP= 2x10.4 =20.8s
Round trip time =RTT= Tup + Tdown + Tp + Tdoor
= 46.46s + 19.68s + 24.15s + 20.8s = 111.09s
Interval = RTT/ no. of lift service same zone= 111.09s / 3 = 37.03s < 45s is acceptable

ENERGY SAVING TIPS

Turn off lighting if it is not needed. Affix "Save
Energy" stickers near the switch as a reminder.
Turn off some lighting when the occupancy is low.
Arrange for the last-man-out to check and turn off all
AC, lighting and office equipment.
Separate the lighting controls for the window
perimeter and that for the interior. Lighting at the
window perimeter can be turned down or off on a
sunny day. (About 10-30% saving)
Replace tungsten lamps with compact fluorescent
lamps affixed with Energy Labels. (About 70%
saving)

ENERGY SAVING TIPS

Replace conventional "Exit" signs with LED
"Exit" signs. (90% saving)
Replace T8 fluorescent lighting with T5
fluorescent lighting. (30-40% saving)
Replace HID (High Intensity Discharge) high-bay
lighting with high-output T5 fluorescent lighting.
(about 40% saving)
Retrofit fixed output lighting with dimmable
lighting using digital electronic ballast and
photocell. (over 30% saving)
Install occupancy sensor control that
automatically turns off the lighting when the room
is empty. (over 20% saving)

Conclusion
In this project, we learned how to design and apply entire building
with our learned knowledge as well as how to distribution work.
As regards design regulation requirement, we acquired further
understand during making this project.
Although we encountered more problems, we depended on learned
knowledge to solve problems step by step. For instance, we need
to estimate loading of each classification appropriately. Finally, we
also needed to provide some of reasonable assumption for solving
a part of problems.