Chapter 3

POWER
TRANSMISSION
Power transmissionis the
movement ofenergyfrom its place of
generation to a location where it is
applied to performing usefulwork.

3.1 Drive mechanism in the process of transforming

power from one point to the other point

Gear

A gear is a form of disc, or wheel, that

has teeth around its periphery for the
purpose of providing a positive drive
by meshing the teeth with similar
teeth on another gear or rack.

 Gear drives consist of one or more sets of

gears mounted on shafts and bearings, a
positive method of lubrication, and an
enclosed casing with appropriate gaskets,
oil seals, and air breathers. They also must
be equipped with an integral electric motor,
baseplates or other mounting structure,
outboard bearings, a device that provides
overload protection, a means of preventing
reverse rotation, and a variety of other
accessory devices.

Chain Drive

Chain drives consist of an endless series

of chain links which mesh with toothed
wheels, called sprockets. The sprockets
are keyed to the shafts of the driving and
driven mechanisms.

 A roller chain has two kinds of links

roller links and pin linksalternately
assembled throughout the chain
length. A roller link consists of two
sets of hollow rollers and bushings,
the bushings being press-fitted into
the apertures in the roller link plates,
the rollers being free to rotate on the
outside of the bushing. The pin link
has two pins press-fitted into the

 When the chain is assembled, the

two pins of the pin links fit within the
cylindrical bushings of the two
adjacent roller links. The pins
oscillate inside the bushings, while
the rollers turn on the outside of the
bushings. This latter action
eliminates rubbing of the rollers on
the sprocket teeth.

Belt

3.2 Gear in Power

Transmission

Application of gear:

Common types of gears used in industrial

gear drives include:
spur
helical or double-helical
Plain bevel
spiral bevel
Hypoid
Zerol
Worm
internal gears.

Spur gear
Spur gears transmit power between
parallel shafts without end thrust or
axial displacement. They are
commonly used on drives of
moderate speeds such as marine
auxiliary equipment, hoisting
equipment, mill drives, and kiln
drives. Simplicity of manufacture,
absence of end thrust, and general

Helical gear
Helical gear teeth are cut on a helix
(oblique) angle across the gear-wheel
face. Mating helical gears permit
several teeth to be in mesh at the
same time. This increases loadcarrying capacity ensures
transmission of constant velocity,
and reduces noise and vibration.
Helical gears produce end thrust

Double - helical
Helical and double-helical gears are
used where loads and speeds may be
higher than can be conveniently met
by spur gearing. They are also used
where shock and vibration are
present, or where a high reduction
ratio is necessary in a single gear
train. Because double-helical gears
are actually opposed helical gears,

Plain and spiral

Bevel gears transmit power between two
shafts, usually at right angles with each
other. However, shafts positioned at other
than 90 can be used. Straight bevel gears
may be used for right-angle power
transmission where operating conditions do
not warrant the superior characteristics of
spiral bevel gearing. Since bevel gearing
creates thrust loads along the supporting
shafts, adequate bearings must be provided.

Hypoid gear
A hypoid gear is a style of spiral bevel
gear whose main variance is that the
mating gears' axes do not intersect. The
hypoid gear is offset from the gear center,
allowing unique configurations and a large
diameter shaft. The teeth on a hypoid
gear are helical, and the pitch surface is
best described as a hyperboloid. A hypoid
gear can be considered a cross between a
bevel gear and a worm drive.

 Hypoid gears have a large pitch

surface with multiple points of
contact. They can transfer energy at
nearly any angle. Hypoid gears have
large pinion diameters and are useful
in torque-demanding applications.
The heavy work load expressed
through multiple sliding gear teeth
means hypoid gears need to be well

Worm gear
Worm gearing has won wide
acceptance for industrial drives
because of its many advantages of
conjugate tooth action, arrangement,
compactness, and load-carrying
capacity. Worm-gear drives are quiet
and vibration-free and produce a
constant output speed. They are well
suited to service where heavy shock

Rack and pinion gear

Rack and pinion gears are used to convert

rotation into linear motion. A perfect example
of this is the steering system on many cars.
The steering wheel rotates a gear which
engages the rack. As the gear turns, it slides
the rack either to the right or left, depending
on which way you turn the wheel.

Internal gear
Internal gears are more compact
than external gears of the same
ratio. In general, they have greater
load-carrying capacity and run more
smoothly. Internal gearing usually
employs spur, helical, or doublehelical teeth. Owing to the nature of
their onstruction, internal gears are
limited in speed-reduction ratios

Sumary of gear