US History

Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Section 1:
The French and Indian War
Between 1689 and 1748 the British and
the French fought a series of wars
French had many more Native
American allies
Dominated the forest passages
Benefited playing the British and the
French off each other

Chapter 3 Section 1:
The French and Indian War
1754: 1.5 Million British colonists
70,000 French colonists
French built a series of small forts and
trading posts along the Great Lakes and
down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers
-depended on the Native Americans for
protection

Chapter 3 Section 1:
The French and Indian War
Both countries claimed the Ohio River Valley
French built Ft. Duquesne in Western Pennsylvania

1754- Virginia Governor- Robert Dinwiddie- sent

colonial troops under George Washington

Defeated French
Surrendered in French counterattacks
Sparked a global 7 years war
Call the French and Indian War in the colonies

Chapter 3 Section 1:
The French and Indian War
1755- 2 French forts near Nova Scotia
were defeated
British evicted French settlers (Acadians)
and gave the farmland to New Englanders
Acadians sent to New Orleans and
became the basis of the Cajun people

Chapter 3 Section 1:
The French and Indian War
General Braddock (British) marched in an ambush at
Ft. Duquesne
Braddock died
George Washington led the retreat and saved half the army

1756 and 1757- General Montcalm (French)

destroyed British forts on Lake Ontario and Lake
George
Native Americans raided British settlements in
Pennsylvania and Virginia

Chapter 3 Section 1:
The French and Indian War
1758 and 1759- Tide of the war shifted

British cut off French shipping

Many Native Americans deserted the French
British captured Ft. Duquesne
British captured Ft. Louisbourg
At entrance of the St. Lawrence River

Cleared the way for General Wolfe to attack Quebec in 1759

Montcalm suffered defeat and death

1760- British captured Montreal

French governor-general had to surrender the rest of Canada

Chapter 3 Section 1:
The French and Indian War
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Ended the French and Indian War
British got Canada, Great Lakes area, Ohio
River Valley, Florida
Driven French from North America and
now had everything to the Mississippi

Chapter 3 Section 1:
The French and Indian War
Pontiacs Rebellion
1763- Native American groups captured most of the Forts in the
Ohio River Valley
Raided settlements in Western Pennsylvania, Maryland, and
Virginia
Goal was to lure French back with a weakened British
Failed to take 3 of the largest forts
Ran short on supplies
British put Thomas Gage in charge
Made peace with the Indians
Promised to restrain the settlers

Chapter 3 Section 1:
The French and Indian War
Proclamation of 1763- ordered settlers to
remain east of the Appalachian mountains
British troops werent enough to enforce it or
protect the Indians
Created tension between the colonists and the
British
Created more British debt

Chapter 3 Section 1:
The French and Indian War
1754- Albany plan of the Union
Written by Ben Franklin
Doesnt work

1760s- New taxes are passed that

become enforced
Trying to help ease British debt

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution
British Government Serves as an Example
3 branches to the British Government
Bicameral legislature

Colonies typically had bicameral legislatures with

a governor
Colonists didnt elect any member to Parliament
Wealthy men controlled government

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution
Different Ideas about Representation:
Colonists tended to write out their
governments
Members of Parliament believed they
virtually represented every British subject
England had followed a policy of salutary
neglect- allowing its colonists to self-rule

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution
New Taxes Create Conflict
7 years war doubled Britains national debt
Parliament thought colonists should pay
some of the bill

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution

The Sugar, Quartering, and Stamp Acts

Colonial merchants had become wealthy, often from smuggling
Sugar Act- lowered the duty on foreign molasses
Assigned custom officers and created courts to collect duties and prosecute
smugglers

Quartering Act- provide housing and supplies for British troops

Stamp Act: tax on printed material

Newspapers
Books
Court documents
Contracts
Land deeds

1st direct tax within the colonies

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution
Taxation Without Representation
Colonists protested
Taxation without representation
Parliament dismissed the protests

Opposition to Taxes Strengthens

3 forms:
Intellectual protest
Economic boycott
Violent intimidation

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution
Drew ideas from the Enlightenment
Natural rights
Life, liberty, and property

Social Contract

Patrick Henry- Virginia Resolves

Only colonial assemblies had the right to tax the colonists
May 30, 1765- Virginia House passed most of Henrys
resolves

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution
Patriot Leaders Emerge:
Sons of Liberty: associations to protest
new policies
Sam Adams
Assaulted supporters and tax collectors
Especially Boston
Hutchinsons house destroyed
End of 1765 all tax collectors had resigned

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution
Colonial Boycotts Threaten the British Economy
9 colonies to Stamp Act congress
NYC
October 1765
Boycott of goods

Committees then enforced these nonimportation

agreements
Women: homespun clothing
Daughters of Liberty

Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766

Passed Declaratory Act- right to pass taxes

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution
Protests Lead to Violence:
Back to indirect taxes
Townshend Acts
Glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea
Colonists said they wouldnt pay any new taxes

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution
Boston Massacre
Revised protests
Boston

Massachusetts legislature issued a letter denouncing the

Townshend acts
Governor dissolved Massachusetts legislature
Customs officials seized Liberty, a ship belonging to John Hancock
Riots
4,000 troops sent to Boston
Boston Massacre

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution
Sam Adams: Committees of
correspondence
Leadership and promoted cooperation

Parliament withdrew troops from Boston

Dropped most of Townshend duties
Kept tax on tea

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution
Boston Tea Party:
Hurt British East India Company
Let British East India Company sell directly
to the colonies
Made tea cheaper

Dumped 3 ships worth into the harbor

Chapter 3 Section 2:
Causes of the Revolution
Coercive Acts Intolerable Acts

Closed the Port of Boston until Boston paid for the tea
Warships and troops to Boston
British officials to be tried in Britain
Quebec Act- Canadas Southern border
Rural reacted with violence

Fall 1774- 1st Continental Congress

Everyone but Georgia
Boycott of all British goods

Chapter 3 Section 3:

The Colonists Declare Independence

The First Shots are Fired

With Thomas Gage put in charge as
Governor of Massachusetts
Massachusetts leaders convened a Provincial
Congress to govern Massachusetts without
Gage
Also began to stockpile weapons

Chapter 3 Section 3:

The Colonists Declare Independence

Lexington and Concord- April 19,1775
Country town West of Boston
Gage sent troops to arrest Hancock and Adams
and collect weapons
Tipped off that the British were on their way by a
group of men (Paul Reveres ride)
Militia: Full time farmers- part time soldiers

Chapter 3 Section 3:

The Colonists Declare Independence

Lexington- 70 Patriots gathered
Ordered to disperse
Shot fired
8 Patriots dead
Hundreds of minutemen then gathered firing upon
the British through the trees
200 British wounded or killed

Loyalists: those loyal to Britain

Chapter 3 Section 3:

The Colonists Declare Independence

May 1775- 2nd continental Congress

All colonies in attendance
Assumed responsibility for the war
Established a new Continental Army
Led by Washington

Chapter 3 Section 3:

The Colonists Declare Independence

July 1775- 3 months of fighting

Olive Branch Petition

Colonists are somewhat split over supporting rebels and remaining loyal
being a loyalist didnt meant hat you agreed with the taxes
1/5 of the country were loyalists

Allegiance to the King but not to Parliament

King rejected and sent more troops to Boston

Wealthy
Artisans
Some farmers
Minorities

Upset at Patriot taxes, militia draft, oaths of allegiance

Patriots often shut down loyalists newspapers and harassed supporters

Supporters of loyalists also included Indians and slaves

Chapter 3 Section 3:

The Colonists Declare Independence

January 1776- Thomas Paines Common Sense

Independence from Britain

Republican state governments
Union of the new states
Depicted the king as enemy
Wanted common people to elect all government
Thought a republic would reward merit rather than inherited
privilege

Chapter 3 Section 3:

The Colonists Declare Independence

July 2, 1776- Vote for Independence

July 4, 17760 approval of the
Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
Denounced the king as a tyrant
Natural rights unalienable rights
Contradiction to slavery