Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ahmed
M.Sc (2nd Semester)
Department of Geology
Roll No
91/AGE/101026
Natural gas
Unconventional
Found in certain types
of shale
2,000-7,000 feet deep
Low permeability
Prevalent in the area
Confined in fractures
within the shale itself
Reserves higher than Oil
Enhanced Global
Availability
Steps
1.Leasing land
2.Exploration
3.Drilling
Hydraulic
fracturing
Horizontal drilling
4.Collecting
5.Restoration
Not to scale
~ 3500 feet
Cap rock
Cap rock
100 feet
Pay zone
Not To Scale
Plentiful
Cleaner than other fossil fuels
Economy
Low maintenance costs
Environment friendly
Speedy creation of Infrastructure
North America is
currently the most
profitable shale gas
producer
Worldwide development
of shale gas plays are
expected to develop,
especially in Europe and
Asia
LOCAL
Shale gas contributes
an 11% rise in natural
gas in the U.S.
Pennsylvania
Marcellus Shale
contains about 500
trillion cubic feet of
natural gas
INDIAN ENERGY
SECTOR
: ANIndia
World
Asia Pacific
OVERVIEW
Energy Consumption
433
Largest Energy
Consumer
11294.9
3981
Coal
29%
51%
53%
Oil
35%
29%
31%
Natural gas
24%
11%
8.6%
Nuclear
5.5%
3%
0.80%
Hydro
6.4%
5.3%
6%
3245
1097
129
(US$ 76 billion)
2.1%
4.1%
4.8%
2.5%
6.5%
6.6%
5th
Natural Gas
Relevant Technology:
Hydrofracturing
Hydraulic fracturing
Is hydraulic fracturing widely used?
Does hydraulic fracturing pose a
serious threat to the environment?
Protection of Groundwater
Wildlife Impacts
Community Impacts
Surface Disturbances
Gas development
can adversely
affect animal
habitat and
wildlife.
They can drill
underneath areas
like wetlands to
reduce wildlife
disturbances.
Damage to roads
Traffic congestion
Noise
Dust
Conclusions
Enough unconventional Reservoir exist in the
country.
Unconventional Reservoirs are required to be
evaluated by collection of more data by initiating
Pilot Projects in Shale Gas as earliest as possible.
Exploration blocks may be awarded for
unconventional reservoirs.
Economically, Projects in Shale Gas looks viable.
References
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2011/apr/08/shell-oil-gas-james-smith
http://www.naturalgas.org/naturalgas/exploration.asp
http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/ongc-finds-maiden-shalegas-reserves-in-india/123723/on
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=shale-gas-and-hydraulicfracturing
http://www.api.org/policy/exploration/hydraulicfracturing/shale_gas.cfm
http://owni.eu/2011/02/14/shale-gas-energy-revolution-or-ecologicalthreat/
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-01-26/indiabusiness/28380148_1_shale-gas-damodar-basin-gas-source
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_gas
http://www.deccanherald.com/content/44366/shale-gas-game-changerindia.html
http://www.energytomorrow.org/Shale_Gas.asp
The Times of India, 26 January 2011, article
Thank You!