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DERIVATIVE
DERIVATIVE
S
S
Derivatives
Derivatives is a product whose value is derived from the value
of underlying assets.
(Underlying asset can be an Equity, Commodity, Currency,
Interest rate, exchange rate, etc.)
Example : - Derivative of Reliance derives its value from the
cash market price
(If cash price of Reliance moves up then underlying also moves
in the same manner.)
Option price also moves up or down by the movement of
underlying price.
Equity derivatives
Available products in NFO (NSE future & Option) segment.
Index Future
Index Option
Stock Future
Stock Option
Index Future : Nifty, Banknifty, CNXIT, Mininifty, DJIA, S&P 500,
CNXPSE, CNXINFRA and Midcap50 (9 Indices)
Index Option : Calls and Puts of Nifty (5000 strike Call, 5100 strike
Call, 5000 strike Put) Interval by 100 points
Calls and Puts of Banknifty (9500 strike calls, 9000 strike puts)
Stock Future : 220 stocks including Nifty 50 and others
Stock Option : Out of 220 Stock future, around 100 stocks are liquid in
option trading.
(Future is a leverage product, here you have to pay the margin money
only.)
Options
Options are derivative contracts where the Buyer of
Option gets a right (but not Obligation) to buy or sell a
specified quantity of the underlying asset at an agreed
price (strike price) on or before the specified future date
(expiration date).
Options is a tool to limit our risks & maximize our
returns
OPTION SIMPLIFIED
Options.. where you have several alternative options..
Types of Options
Call Options :
A call option gives the holder (option buyer), the right to buy a
specified quantity of the underlying asset at a strike price on or
before expiry date.
Put Options :
A Put Option gives the holder (i.e. the buyer), the right to sell a
specified quantity of the underlying asset at a strike price on or
before expiry date.
Strike Prices
In-the-money
Option with intrinsic value
At-the-money
Exercise Price = Market Price
Out-of-the-money
No intrinsic value
Only time value
Pricing of Options
Options price = Intrinsic value + Time value
XYZ ltd is trading at 100 rs. (someone is giving me right that you can
buy the stock at 100, today or any time before the expiry).
For giving me this right he will charge something.
Suppose i have taken this right by paying 2 rs, now my cost is 102. If
XYZ ltd comes to 90, I am not going to use this right, let the 2 rs go. If
price moves to 110, surely I will go and ask for my right to buy the
same at 100 rs.
Now if XYZ ltd moves to 110 rs.
Value of my right which I have taken at 2 rs, now will move to be
around 12 rs. (10 rs is intrinsic value + 2 rs. Time value)
Options Trading
There are three types of market participants
1.Speculators
2.Hedgers
3.Arbitragers
Option can be traded by all of them but price movement,
payoff, risk reward, execution, entry and exit time differ
from future trading as per the nature of traded option or
strategy.
Option can be traded naked (single strike) or by combining
two or more strikes
Options Trading
Take a learning from future for option trading
If a person has a positive or negative view for a particular
time horizon (like intra day, 2-3 sessions, one week, till
expiry, etc.) on Nifty future, he can simply trade according
to that.
If he buys one lot of Nifty future :
Profit If price moves up (Unlimited)
Loss If price moves down (Unlimited)
No profit No loss If price remains at that levels
He can buy a Call option in spite of buying a lot of future
(Profit Unlimited Loss- Limited to the premium paid)
Options Trading
(How the options premium moves with the movement of future price)
1 Day
2 Day
3 Day 4 Day
On
Expiry
5250
5300
5150
5200
5350
Profit/Loss
50
100
-50
150
123
(Excluding
time
decay)
145
65
88
150
Profit/Loss
23
45
-35
-12
50
Option Trade
(Assume Nifty future is trading @ 5200 and 5200 Call is trading @ 100/-)
Cash/Future/Option Trading
A stock has given upside breakout above 1000 levels, now if it
holds 1010 then may test 1100 levels. But if it fails to hold 1000 then
may test 900 levels.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Buy Cash : Buy 250 shares @ 1000/Investment : 2,50,000/If it moves to 1100 then profit = 25000 Return on Investment : 10%
If it goes to 900 then risk = 25000
Risk on Investment : -10%
Buy option : Buy 1000 Call @
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25/------Investment = 6,250
Buy Future : Buy 1 lot of 250 shares
Maximum Risk : 6,250/Margin = 20% of total value = 50,000
If it moves to 1100 then profit =
If it moves to 1100 then profit = 25,000
18,750
ROI = 50%
ROI = 300%
If it goes to 900 then risk = 25,000
If it goes down to 900 then risk =
ROI = -50%
6,250/ROI = -100% (ROI is three times)
Long Future
Long Call
Short Put
Bull Call Spread
Bull Put Spread
Covered Call
Put Hedge
Short Future
Long Put
Short Call
Bear Put Spread
Bear Call Spread
Call Hedge
Covered Put
Short Straddle
Short Strangle
Long Butterfly
Short Strip
Short Strap
Long Condor
Long Straddle
Long Strangle
Short Butterfly
Long Strip
Long Strap
Short Condor
Trading Strategies
PUT HEDGE
WHEN
Put hedge is used when we are bullish on some stock.
And want to hedge our position if the prices move
downwards.
HOW
In this strategy we first buy a future and then hedge our
position by buying a put immediately.
PUT HEDGE
PROBLEMS
Which strike price.
What time.
Premium value.
Reversal of positions
If any important support level is breached
(a) We can reduce losses by squaring off the
position.
(b) Squaring off the future an persisting with the
put.
Nifty FUT :- 5100 | BUY Nifty FUT @ 5100; BUY 5100 PUT @ 100 | Lot Size =
50
BEP :- 5100+100 = 5200 | RISK :- 50 * -100 = - 5000 | REWARD =
UNLIMITED
CALL HEDGE
WHEN
Call hedge is used when we are bearish on some stock.
And want to hedge our position if the prices move up.
HOW
In this strategy we first sell a future and then hedge our
position by buying a call immediately.
CALL HEDGE
PROBLEMS
Which strike price.
What time.
Premium value.
Reversal of positions
If any important resistance level is breached
(a) We can reduce losses by squaring off the
position.
(b) Squaring off the future an persisting with the
call.
Nifty FUT :- 5100 | SELL Nifty FUT @ 5100; BUY 5100 CALL @ 100 | Lot Size = 50
BEP :- 5100 - 100 = 5000 | RISK :- 50 * - 100 = - 5000 | REWARD = UNLIMITED
COVERED CALL
WHEN
This strategy is used when we are bullish on a
stock.
And want to reduce the cost of the future but it limits
the profit to the strike price of the call.
HOW
In this strategy we first buy a future and sell a call of
strike price higher than the future price.
Option Spreads
Buying a call (put) and selling a call (put) with
different strike prices but the same expiration
month.
Two types of spreads
Bull Spreads
Bear Spreads
If it Down to 5000 :
Profit/Loss on 5300 CA = 20
Profit on 5300 CA = 20
If it goes up to 5200:
Long Collar
Long Collar : Combination of Put hedge and Covered call
Buying a future
Buying an at the money put to protect from downside risk
Sell an slightly out of the money call to reduce the cost of
hedging, usually a level where we feel that stock or index
may take hurdle.
Buy a Future
Buy an at the money Put
Sell an Out of the money call
Buy Nifty future @ 5100
Buy 5100 put @ 100
Sell 5300 call @ 20
Long Collar
Buy Nifty future @ 5100
Buy 5100 put @ 100
Sell 5300 call @ 20
Option Straddles
Long Straddle:
Consist of buying a put and buying a call (Long Straddle).
Both legs have the same strike price and same expiration
View large movement on either side
And
Short Straddle:
Consist of selling a put and selling a call (Short Straddle).
Both legs have the same strike price and same expiration.
Very Narrow range bound movement
Long Straddles
Short Straddles
Option Butterfly
Long Butterfly:
It can be used to generate extra income when the investor
believes the market is stagnating but does not want
exposure to an unexpected rise or fall.
Buying one In the money Call/Put
Selling two at the money Call/Put
Buying one out of the money Call/Put
Buy 5300 strike Call @ 254
Sell two 5500 strike Call @ 110 * 2
Buy one 5700 strike Call @ 30
Long Butterfly
Buy 5300 strike Call @ 254, Sell two 5500 strike Call @ 110 * 2
Buy one 5700 strike Call @ 30
Option Butterfly
Short Butterfly:
It can be used to generate extra income when the investor
believes the market is highly volatile as it would move
sharply on either side.
Selling one In the money Call/Put
Buying two at the money Call/Put
Selling one out of the money Call/Put
Sell 5300 strike Call @ 254
Buy two 5500 strike Call @ 110 * 2
Sell one 5700 strike Call @ 30
Short Butterfly
Sell 5300 strike Call @ 254, Buy two 5500 strike Call @ 110 * 2
Sell one 5700 strike Call @ 30
Net Premium
Received: 254220+30 = 64
Break Even Upside :
5636
Break Even
Downside : 5364
Reward = If moves
below 5364 or above
5636 levels (254+30220 = 64)
Risk = Maximum risk
at 5500
(-54+220-30 = 136)
Option Chain
Option
Open Interest
Derivatives Reports
An easy way to get the market view
&
option strategy according to that scenario..
Strategy Note
Derivates desk gives various Derivatives Strategies
(one pager), which are as follows :
Buy Call/Puts
Covered Call/Covered Put
Put hedge/Call Hedge
Long/Short Straddles
Long/Short Strangle
Long/Short Butterfly
Long/Short Collar
Bull/Bear Put Spread
Bull/Bear ratio Spread
Other
Pair Trade
PAIR STRATEGIES (From Derivative Desk)
Directional Call
Get Set Go
(A Directional call from Derivative Desk)
Nifty Strategies
Questions