Atomic

Structure

JSS Secondary Two Chemistry

2016 Semester II

Im positive!
Im negative!
I
dont care!
When the three sub-atomic particles discuss
about an issue

Lets visualise

Are we able to cut this stone till we get just 1

atom?

Lets visualise further

Did you know?

Imagine you have a balloon filled with atoms
If a million atoms were allowed to escape
through a hole in a second, it would take
nearly a thousand years for the balloon to
empty!
Now, with this knowledge, imagine
the size of an atom again.
4

An atom
The basic building
block of matter
Contains 3 subatomic particles
protons
positive charge (+)

electrons
negative charge ()

neutrons
no charge (0)

ZERO (0)

An atom
Relative masses of sub-atomic particles
NEUTRO
N

PROTO
N

A proton and a neutron have appropriately

the same mass
Hence, the relative mass of a proton and a
neutron are 1 amu (atomic mass unit) each
6

An atom
ELECTR
ON
PROTON

An atom
If the relative mass of an electron is
so much smaller than that of a
proton and a neutron
What can you say about the relative
sizes of the sub-atomic particles?
Which sub-atomic particle(s) contribute
to the mass of the atom significantly?

An atom
Arrangement of sub-atomic particles
electron
shells /
electron
orbitals
contains /
electron
electrons
clouds
empty space

nucle
contains
us

+
+ +

protons and
neutrons
What is the
overall charge
of a nucleus?

An atom
An atom is electrically neutral
No. of protons = no. of electrons
Overall positive charges are equally
balanced out by the overall negative
charges
Therefore, overall charge = 0

10

Interpreting the symbol

of an element

7
3

Number of
particles:

p=3

Charge
contributi
on

p = +3

e=3

e = 3

n=73
n=0
=4
Overall charge of Li atom = (+3) +
(3) =

11

Interpreting the symbol

of an element

1
6
8

Number of
particles:

p=8
e=8

Charge
contributi
on

p = +8
e = 8

n = 16 8
n=0
=8
Overall charge of O atom = 0
12

Interpreting the symbol

of an element

2
3
1
1

N
a

Number of
particles:

p = 11
e = 11

Charge
contributi
on

p = +11
e = 11

n = 23 11
n=0
= 12
Overall charge of O atom = 0
13

Electronic Structure
Maximum number of electrons in the
1st shell : 2 electrons
2nd shell : 8 electrons
3rd shell : 8 electrons
4th shell : 18 electrons (not in syllabus)

Shell closest to the nucleus: 1st shell

When drawing the electronic structure
diagram,
Fill 1st shell 2nd shell 3rd shell
14

7
3

Electronic Structure
Diagram

Li

3
electron
s

Valence electron

Li

This outer
shell is also
known as
the
VALENCE
ELECTRON
SHELL

Electronic configuration:
2.1

15

16
8

Electronic Structure
Diagram

O
Electronic configuration:
2.6

16

23
11

Electronic Structure
Diagram

Na

N
a
Electronic configuration:
2.8.1

17

Electronic Structure
Diagram
You are only required to draw the
electronic structure diagrams of the
1st 20 elements
Qn: Apart from dots, what other
symbols can be used to represent
electrons?

18

Relating Electronic
Configuration to Period
and Group
Electronic configuration of lithium:

2.
1

No. of valence
electrons = 1,
therefore lithium is from
Group I.

Indicates 2
electron shells,
therefore lithium is
from Period 2.

19

Relating Electronic
Configuration to Period
and Group
Electronic configuration of calcium:

2.8.8
.2
Group II
Period 4

Complete WS 4

20