Chapters 3 & 4

Learning, Perception,
Attitudes, Emotions,
Values, and Ethics
1

Objectives
1. Explain the basics learning styles and describe
how e-learning contributes to workplace
learning.
2. Describe key aspects of the perceptual
process, along with common perceptual
problems.
3. Describe the importance of attitudes and
emotions to behavior in organizations.
4. Summarize why values are an important part
of organizational behavior
5. Describe the three ethical decision-making
criteria
2

Learning

is a relatively permanent change in

behavior based on practice or
experience.
1.

2.
3.

Modeling (imitating someone) and

Shaping (reinforcement of small
steps)
Cognitive Learning
E-Learning is a web-based form of
computer based training
3

Learning Styles

People learn best in different ways,

such as through studying versus doing
Some learn best through passive learning
Others learn best by doing rather than
studying
Some people learn by working alone
Others by working cooperatively

Learning Styles
A.

Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Styles

1.
2.
3.

B.

Learning Styles Based on Four Learning

Stages
1.
2.
3.
4.

C.

Visual learners learn best by seeing (words & graphics)

Auditory learners rely on hearing.
Kinesthetic learners learn best by touching and moving

Concrete experience
Observations and Reflections
Formation of Abstract and
Generalizations

Individual Differences Related to Skill

Acquisition
5

Figure
ground
Separatio
n

What do
you see?

Perception

deals with the various

ways in which people
interpret things in the
outside world and how
they act on the basis
of these perceptions.
Process by which
people select,
organize, interpret,
retrieve, and respond
to information from the7

Perceptual Distortions and

Problems
1. Characteristics of the
stimulus.
2. Mental processes of people.

Denial.

Stereotyping

Halo effect

Projection

Selective perception
8

The Three Components of

Attitude

Emotions and Its

Components

are strong positive or negative

feelings directed toward something
or someone.
1.
2.
3.

Physical (body arousal)

Cognitive (subjective appraisal)
Behavioral (body language and
facial expression)
10

The Three Components of

Emotion

11

Job Satisfaction

The amount of pleasure or

contentment associated with a job.

Benefits, pay, job security rank

high.
Fun on the job leads to satisfaction.
High job satisfaction correlates with
organizational performance.
High organizational performance
can lead to high job satisfaction.
12

Organizational Citizenship
Behavior (OCB)

the willingness to work for the good

of the organization even without the
promise of a specific reward.
goes above and beyond call of duty.
satisfied workers may show OCB.
workers with service orientation and
empathy may engage in OCB.
high OCB leads to low turnover, and
sometimes work/family conflict.
13

Values

refers to the importance a person

attaches to something that serves
as a guide to action
are learned in the process of
growing up, through modeling, and
through the communication of
attitudes
Religion is another source of values
14

Types of Values

Terminal Values
Reflect a
persons
preferences
concerning the
ends to be
achieved.

Instrumental
Values

reflect a persons
beliefs about the
means for
achieving desired
ends.

15

The Terminal Values are:

True Friendship
Mature Love
Self-Respect
Happiness
Inner Harmony
Equality
Freedom
Pleasure
Social Recognition

Wisdom
Salvation
Family Security
National Security
A Sense of
Accomplishment
A World of Beauty
A World at Peace
A Comfortable Life
An Exciting Life
16

The Instrumental Values

are:

Cheerfulness
Ambition
Love
Cleanliness
Self-Control
Capability
Courage
Politeness
Honesty
Imagination

Independence
Intellect
Broad-Mindedness
Logic
Obedience
Helpfulness
Responsibility
Forgiveness

17

Ethics

is the moral choices a person makes,

and what he or she should do.
Ethical Decision-Making Criteria
1.
2.

3.

Focus on consequences (utilitarianism)

Focus on rights of individuals
(deontological approach)
Focus on integrity (virtue ethics)

18