EDUCATIONAL

TECHNOLOGY
By:

NIO B. CORPUZ, Ed.D.,RGC

Faculty Member
College of Education, Tarlac State
University, Tarlac City

NATIONAL COMPETENCY
BASED TEACHER
STANDARDS (NCBTS)
1.Social Regard for Learning
2.The Learning Environment
3.The Diversity of Learners
4.Curriculum
5.Planning, Assessing and
Reporting
6.Community Linkages
7.Personal Growth and
Professional Development

The Meaning of Educational

Technology
Educational Technology is the
development,
application
and
evaluation of systems, techniques and
aids to improve the process of human
learning (Council for Educational
Technology for the UK, 1997)
Educational
Technology
is
a
systematic
way
of
designing,
implementing and evaluating the total
learning and teaching in terms of

The Roles and Functions of

Educational Technology
If properly selected and used,
instructional materials can do the
following:
1.Arouse and sustain the interest
and attention of the pupils/students
to learn.
2.Concretize
abstract
concepts/ideas
to
promote
meaningful experiences that they
provide.
3.Make learning more permanent

5. Increase vocabulary by eliminating

verbalism.
6. Develop continuity of thought.
7. Increase the quality of learning
while decreasing the time spent.
8. Make learning more interactive,
hence learning is improved.

Guidelines in the Selection of

Instructional Materials:
1.Size- Is the material (text or picture)
big enough to be seen by the farthest
pupil?

4. Economy- Is the material worth

its cost?
5. Easy to handle- is the material
light and easy to manipulate?
6. Relevance- Is it related to the
lesson in particular ?
7. Novelty- Does the material
possess an element of newness?

PICTORIAL MEDIA
1.Flat Pictures (Still Pictures)are representations of objects or
things on a flat surface. They are the

Guides to Teaching with

Pictures
1.Pictures must be clearly seen by
everyone.
2.The teacher must supplement
pupils comments to make sure that
nothing has been omitted.
3.Teacher and pupils should discuss
together what they find in the
picture.
4.The picture used in class should
lead to the accumulation of related
pictures in the textbook.

Reading Pictures
A picture can be read in four
levels:
1.Enumerative level- giving of what
one sees in the picture.
2.Descriptive
levelgiving
a
sentence on what is seen or how one
sees in the picture looks like.
3.Interpretative level- giving more
meaningful sentences which are of
the inference type.
4.Integrative level- relating what

2. Photographs- are also still

pictures, they appear in black and
white or in full color.
3.
Illustrationsare
nonphotographic
reconstruction
or
representation of reality, drawn by an
illustrator, the teacher or the
students/learners themselves.
Purposes for which flat pictures,
photographs and illustrations can
be used for teaching:
1.To concretize words and symbols.

4. To correct misconceptions.
5. To summarize a unit.
6. To arouse emotions.
4. Flashcards- are valuable materials
for drill activities particularly in the
teaching of Mathematics, English and
Filipino.
Considerations:
1. The flashcards must be bold and
big enough to be seen by everybody.
2. Flash the cards in a fast or snappy
manner to develop fast thinking or

3. Flash the cards from back to front.

Write the answer at the back of each
flashcard so that as you flash you can
see the answer and thus you will be
able to check if the response of the
pupil is correct or not.
4. Hold the flashcards firmly at your
chest level.
Visual Symbols- are representations
of direct reality, which comes in the
form of signs and symbols.

Kinds of Visual Symbols

1.Cartoons- tell stories metaphorically
through pictures, which need no
captions.
It
is
a
pictorial
representation or caricature of a
person, idea, situation or issue that is
designed to influence public opinion.
Suggestions
for
the
use
of
cartoons:
1.Appropriateness to experience level
2.Simplicity
3.Brevity of captions
4.Use of clear symbols

2. Posters- combination of bold

designs and color primarily intended
to catch attention on a significant fact,
idea or message.
Characteristics of a good poster:
1.It must be bold and simple but
dramatizes features.
2.It must be appropriate to the grade
level
and
to
the
subject
and
purpose(s).
3.It must have only limited text, few
words are generally used.
4.It must be attractive, pleasing to the

5. Design and color must be given

consideration.
6. It must have element of dynamism.
Graphs- present quantitative data for
easier analysis and interpretation. It
shows comparative relationship of
data involved in size, trends and
growth.
Kinds of graphs
1. Line graph- is the most accurate of
all graphs used in plotting trends of

3. Circle or pie graph- the sections

of which are used to represent
component parts of a whole.
4. Area or solid graph- use for the
simplest quantitative comparison thru
the use of geometric shapes.
5.
Pictorial
statistics
or
pictograph- it makes use of related
pictures in showing quantitative data.
Chalkboard- is the most versatile
medium for instruction, it is always
available.

Uses of the chalkboard

a.To illustrate facts and processes,
often with the help of drawings and
sketches, maps and others.
b.To present important facts and
principles such as new words, terms,
rules, definitions and classifications.
c.To provide a good medium for
students demonstration.
d.To display a wide variety of
materials
ranging
from
the
motivational,
developmental
to
evaluating activities.

e. To enhance maximum pupil

participation.
f. To provide for individual differences.
Characteristics of a good
Chalkboard :
1.It should be within reach of the
pupils. The height for Grades I-II is 28
inches, for Grades III-IV is 32 inches
while for Grades V-VI is 36 inches.
2.It should be easily erased and
cleaned.
3.It should not be glaring.

Suggestions in using the

chalkboard:
1.Keep the chalkboard clean. When
erasing, start from top to bottom so
that the chalk dust are led to the chalk
ledge rather than having them fly to
the faces of the pupils.
2.Make your letters and drawings
large enough to be seen by everybody.
3.Avoid hiding the materials on the
board by standing directly in front of
it.

Suggestions in using the

chalkboard:
5. It is best to line the black board
especially in the elementary grades so
that pupils will learn to write legibly.
6. Avoid overcrowding materials to be
displayed on the board at one time
unless your purpose requires so.
Three-Dimensional
Instructional
Materials
- These materials come in the form of
contrived experiences, which are

1.Models
and
mock-upsare
recognizable imitation of the real
thing except size, which may be
scaled down or scaled up to provide
the needed experiences.
When do we use models and mockups?
1.When reality is too small, like
atoms, molecules, amoeba, or too big
like the universe, the earth.
2.When reality is inaccessible like
past and futuristic events, and when

3. When reality is too dangerous like

viewing an erupting volcano or going
to the forest for wild animals and
insects.
4. When reality is unreliable like the
weather and the various climatic
conditions, and the tides.
5. When reality is too abstract- like
space relationship, mathematics and
other concepts.
Globe- the most widely used model,
which is a reduced version of the

Computers as Aids to Teaching

Advantages of the Computer in
Teaching and Learning:
1.It allows students to learn at their
own pace by having control over the
rate and sequence of learning.
2.Learning is reinforced by way of
high speed personalized response.
3.There is a positive affective climate
for learning especially for struggling
learners.
4.Color,
music
and
animated
graphics add realism and appeal to

Advantages of the Computer in

Teaching and Learning:
5. Progress in learning is easily
monitored with the records keeping
ability of computers.