Two Phase Heat Transfer

Subject: Heat Transfer (2151909)

Div. & Batch-Mechanical A-5
Group Members:1. Vinay Gadhiya(140120119051)
2. Smit Gandhi (140120119052)
Guided By:Pro. Shaival Parikh

Contains.
Boiling
Boiling Modes
Boiling Regimes(Nucleate Boiling)
Condensation:

1.Film wise condensation

2.Drop wise condensation
Laminar film condensation on vertical plate.
Turbulent Film Condensation

Boiling

The Phase change from liquid to vapour ,at liquid vapour

interface is termed as boiling.

Evaporation: The phase change of substance from Liquid

to gas at temperature below its boiling point.

Vaporization: The amount of heat energy a liquid must

absorb to be converted from a liquid to gas.

Boiling Modes

Boiling Modes

Pool Boiling: Heat transfer due to natural convection and

mixing it take place bubbles growth and deattachment.
Forced Convection Boiling: The fluid moves artificially

and heat transfer take place due to convection and mixing.

Local Boiling (Sub-cooled Boiling):The liquid is below its
saturation temperature and bubbles formed as condensed
itself in liquid.
Saturated Boling: Liquid temperature slightly above its
saturation temperature and bubbles formed move to free
surface of liquid.

Boiling Regimes

The classical pool boiling curve is a plot of heat flux, q", versus
excess temperature, T = Tw Tsat. As the value of the excess
temperature increases, the curve traverses four different
regimes:

Natural or free convection

Nucleate boiling Transition
boiling
Film boiling

Boiling Regimes
.

Free convection Boiling (Region 1):

This region occurs where T is less than 5C (upto point A)

Nucleate boiling(Region 2 to 3)
This region occurs when range of T between 5C to 30C
(from point A to C)
this region may devide in two region
1.(A-B)
In this Region bubbles start forming at some nucleation sites
on the surface. This region called as unstable nucleate boiling.

2.(B-C)
In this region temperature further increase so no. of nucleation
sites increase then bubbles growth increase.
This region called as stable nucleate boiling.
Maximum value of temperature excess is called as critical heat
flux is denoted by C in the fig.
Transition Boiling (Region 4)

This region occure in (C-D) in a range of around T between

30C to 120C

Film Boiling:(Region 5 to 6)

This region start from point D. This point is called as Leiden

frost point.
After that with increase in T above 120C the heat transfer due
to conduction through film takes place and further increase in T
.
The heating surface becomes bright and thermal radiation from
the surface becomes dominant.
Critical heat point:(Burn out point)
When the maximum heat flux is reached than it occurs at around
T=35C.

Condensation
Condensation is reverse of boiling process.
Condensation is the change of its physical state of matter from

gas state to liquid state.

It may occurs in two possible ways.

vise condensation

1.Film
2.Drop vise condensation

Film vise condensation

The liquid wets the surface and

continuous film is formed on

surface.
Offers the thermal resistance to
heat transfer between surface and
vapour.
Thus overall heat transfer coefficient will be lower .
Film condensation takes place
when pure vapour condense on a
clean surface.

Drop vise condensation

The liquid does not wet the surface

and the vapour condenses in the

form of droplets.
These drops are in form of cracks
and pits on the surface ,they grow
in size.
Thus heat transfer co-eficient is
higher in drop wise condensation.
Drop wise condensation can occur
on highly polished suface.

Laminar film condensation on a

vertical plate
Assumptions
Laminar flow and constant

Properties
Pure Vapour and constant
satu. temperature.
Shear stress is negligible.
Advection is negligible.

Film thickness:
Flow rate per unit width:
Average nusselt num.:

Heat transfer rate:

Condensation rate:

g l l v 3
m

b
3l

hL L
NuL
0.943
kl

g l l v hfgL3 4

kl l Tsat Ts

Turbulent Film Condensation

Any presence of non-condensation gas, reduce the heat transfer

co-efficient due to condensation, to a very high extent.

Because of small percent of air reduce the heat transfer coefficient upto 50% .
So remove this gas, condenser must always vent as maximum as
possible.