TEORI EKONOMI

BAB I
PENDAHULUAN

KELANGKAAN SUMBER DAYA, PILIHAN DAN BIAYA OPORTUNITAS

PILIHAN

BIAYA OPORTUNITAS

HASIL OPTIMAL

ILMU
EKONOMI

DEFINISI ILMU EKONOMI

Economics can be defined as a social

science concerned with problem of using
or administering scarce resourcess
(the means of producing) so as to
attain the.greatest or maximum fullfillment of sociaty's unlimited wants.
Its (economics) is a method rather than a
doctrine, an apparatus of mind, a tool of
thinking which help its possesor to draw
corect conclusion.

ARTI PENTING ILMU EKONOMI

Untuk Masyarakat: Sebagian

permasakahan yang kita hadapi
mengandung aspek ekonomimaka
perlu pemahaman dasar ilmu
ekonomi
Untuk Aplikasi Personal:
Pemahaman keseluruhan operasi
sistem ekonomi memungkinkan para
pengambil keputusan bisnis mampu
memformulasikan kebijakan yang
lebih baik
Memberikan pandangan bagi kita
bagaimana kita dapat membuat
keputusan (mis:pengeluaran/belanja)

F0RMULASI ILMU EKONOMI

KENYATAAN (FAKTA)

PRINSIP/TEORI EKONOMI

PEMBAGIAN ILMU EKONOMI

PEMBAGIAN ILMU EKONOMI

Positive normative economics

Positive Economics: it tries to be objective and stay away
from value judgments or opinion (what is).
Normative Economics: It is subjective and expresses a
person's or group's opinion (How should be, What
ought to be).

MICRO-ECONOMICS
Focus on the behavior of decision makers in the
economy. Decsion makers: Consumer, worker,
business firm, government.
Micro Economics centers on how these decision
makers choose among alternatives and what are
the result of these choice.
Three Basic types of choice:
- What goods and services shall be produce and how
much
each per time periode ( what to produced).
- How shall be produced
- To whom shall the final product be distributed.

Macro Economics.
Macro-economics analyzes of aggregate economic
activity. The actions of the saparate decisoin makers that
are analyzed in Micro-economics are added togather in
Macro-economics in order to focus on things effects the
economy as a whole.

PERBEDAAN EKONOMI MIKRO DAN MAKRO

MIKRO
MAKRO

PENDEKATAN/
RUANG
LINGKUP
INDIVIDUAL
STRUKTUR PASAR
PS. PERSAINGAN
SEMPURNA
PASAR
PS. MONOPOLI
PS. PERSAINGAN
MONOPOLISTIK
PS. OLIGOPOLI
OUTPUT DAN HARGA
KESEIMBANGAN
TUJUAN
KEPUASAN OPTIMAL
WHAT
HOW
MASALAH

DASAR

FOR WHOM
ADAM SMITH
"AN INQUIRY INTO THE
NATURE AND CAUSES OF

AGREGATIF
PASAR MAKRO
PASAR BARANG
PASAR UANG
PASAR TENAGA KERJA
PASAR LUAR NEGERI
KESEJAHTERAAN
MASYARAKAT OPTIMAL

INFLASI
PENGANGGURAN
DEFISIT NERACA
PEMBAYARAN DLL
KEYNES
"THE GENERAL THEORY
OF EMPLOYMENT ,

TUJUAN-TUJUAN EKONOMI

KARAKTERISTIK ILMU EKONOMI

CARA MEMPELAJARI ILMU

EKONOMI

Economics talks three language at once:

- Language of words.
- Language of diagrams and graphs
- Language of mathematics.
Economics makes extensives use theories
and model, involving more assumptions and
higher level of abstractions.

BAGAN ALIR KEGIATAN

EKONOMI
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ww.fgn.unisg.ch\eurmacro\tutor\circularflow-movie-es.html

DASAR ILMU EKONOMI

1. TIDAK TERBATASNYA KEBUTUHAN HIDUP MANUSIA
2. TERBATASNYA/KELANGKAAN SUMBERDAYA EKONOMI
SUMBERDAYA EKONOMI
TANAH (LAND) SEGALA SUMBERDAYA ALAM
MODAL (CAPITAL)PP SEGALA HAL YANHG DIPERLUKAN UNTUK
MELALKUKAN PROSES PRODUKSI
TENAGA KERJA (LABOR) KEMAMPUAN YANG DIMILIKI SESEORANG
TERMASUK MENTAL DAM BAKAT YANG DAPAT DISUMBANGKAN
DALAM MEMPRODUKSI BARANG DAN JASA
KEWIRAUSAHAANPPPP 4 FUNGSI
1. KEMAMPUAN MENGAMBIL INISIATIF MENGKOMBINASIKAN
INPUT
2. KEMAMPUAN MEMBUAT KEPUTUSAN BISNIS
3. KEMAMPUAN MENJADI INOVATOR
4. KEMAMPUAN MENGAMBIL RISIKO

KURVA KEMUNGKINAN
PRODUKSI
PRODUK
A
B
C
D
PIZZA
ROBOT

0
10

1
9

2
7

3
4

E
4
0