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*RPP-04: Lecture Plan
BEE 31702
2
1
2
0
BEE 10103
Engineering Mathematics
I
INTRODUCTION
ROLE OF
STATISTICS &
PROBABILITY
existing products
Designing new products or processes
What is Probability?
4
Population
Statistics
What is Statistics?
5
deals
Statistics
with
Collection
Presentation
Analysis
Use
data
to
make
decision
s and
solve
problem
Chapter 1
Random Variables
(RV)
TERMINOLOGY
8
Population
Sample
TERMINOLOGY
9
Sample space
Sample size
Random sample
BASIC CONCEPTS
10
Relative
Relative frequency
frequency =
= f/n
f/n
As n gets larger,
Sample
And How
often
= Relative
frequency
Populati
on
Probabili
ty
BASIC CONCEPTS
11
BASIC CONCEPTS
12
BASIC CONCEPTS
13
EXAMPLE A
14
11
E1
22
E2
33
E3
44
E4
55
66
E5
E6
Sample space:
S ={E1, E2, E3, E4,
E5, E6}
S
E1
E3
E5
E2
E4
E6
EXAMPLE A
15
A: an odd number
B: a number > 2
A ={E1, E3,
E5}
B ={E3, E4, E5,
E6}
E1
A
E2
E3
E5
E4
E6
n
n
f
P ( A) lim
n n
The
The probability
probability of
of an
an event
event A
A
is
is found
found by
by adding
adding the
the
probabilities
probabilities of
of all
all the
the simple
simple
events contained in A.
Finding Probabilities
18
Examples:
Toss a fair coin P(Head) = 1/2
Suppose that 90% of the Malaysia
population has black hair. Then for
a person selected at random,
P(Black hair)
= .90
Example B
20
TT
2nd Coin
Ei
P(Ei)
H
H
HH
HH
TT
HT
HT
H
H
TH
TH
TT
TT
TT
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
P(at
P(atleast
least11head)
head)
=
=P(E
P(E1))+
+P(E
P(E2))+
+P(E
P(E3))
1
=
=1/4
1/4+
+1/4
1/4+
+1/4
1/4=
=3/4
3/4
Example C
21
RB
RB
1/6
RG
RG
1/6
m
m
BR
BR
1/6
1/6
BG
BG
1/6
GB
GB
1/6
GR
GR
P(at
P(atleast
least11red)
red)
=
=P(RB)
P(RB)+
+P(BR)+
P(BR)+P(RG)
P(RG)+
+
P(GR)
P(GR)
=
=4/6
4/6=
=2/3
2/3
Example D
22
Example D
23
Event
Simple events
Probability
Dice add to 3
(1,2),(2,1)
2/36
Dice add to 6
(1,5),(2,4),(3,3),
(4,2),(5,1)
5/36
(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),
(1,4),(1,5),(1,6)
6/36
(1,1),(2,1),(3,1),
(4,1),(5,1),(6,1)
6/36
Example 1
24
Answer Example 1
25
HHH
HHH
HHT
HHT
HTH
HTH
THH
THH
x
1/8 3
1/8 2
1/8 2
1/8 2
HTT
HTT
1/8 1
THT
THT
1/8 1
TTH
TTH
TTT
TTT
1/8 1
1/8 0
P(x
P(x =
= 0)
0) =
=
1/8
1/8
P(x
P(x =
= 1)
1) =
=
3/8
3/8
P(x
P(x =
= 2)
2) =
=
3/8
3/8
P(x
P(x =
= 3)
3) =
=
1/8
1/8
x
0
1
p(x)
1/8
3/8
2
3
3/8
1/8
Probability
Probability
Histogram
Histogramfor
forxx
Example 2
26
Possible values of X
1,2,3,4,5,6
0,1,2,3,4,5
15,16,17,22
Theory 1
Chapter 1
Discrete Random
Variables (RV)
Example 3
30
P(X < 2)
P(X 2)
P(X 1)
Example 4
31
Example 5
32
Example 6
33
Theory 2
is an increase function
, which is the maximum value is 1
, which is the minimum value is 0
Theory 3
Example 7
36
10
11
12
13
P(X =
x)
0.1
1
0.1
0
0.2
2
0.2
3
0.1
2
0.1
3
0.0
9
Example 8
37
Variance of discrete RV
Theory 6
Example 9
41
Example 10
42
-2
P(Y = y)
1-2k
Example 11
43
0.37
0.26
0.18
0.11
0.08
Example 12
44
Find
Calculate mean and variance
Find the value of E(2X-9) and Var(3X+10)
CHAPTER 1
CONTINUOUS
RANDOM
VARIABLES (RV)
150cm <X<170cm
45kg<X<85kg
5 minutes to 10 minutes
Theory 7
Properties of the ability Density Function of
Continuous RV
Example 13
47
Example 14
48
Find
The value of k
P(0.5<X<1)
P(X>0.25)
Theory 8
Example 15
50
P(X<=0.3)
P(X>0.4)
P(0.3<=X<=0.4)
Example 16
51
P(X<0.5)
P(X>=0.8)
P(0.5<=X<0.8)
Theory 9
Theory 10
Variance of continuous RV
Theory 11
Example 17
53
Example 18
54
Example 19
55
The mean
The variance