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CHILD ABUSE
- When a parent or caregiver, through action or
failing to act, causes injury, death, emotional
harm or risk of serious harm to a child

Forms:
Physical Abuse
Sexual Abuse
Child Neglect
Emotional Abuse

6,524 in 2009 to 4, 749 in 2010 (DSWD)

victims is aged below five years old
Most common sexual abuse is rape; incest case
(32.9% in 2009 to 37.5% in 2010)

RECOGNIZING CHILD ABUSE

Child Maltreatment
Physical Abuse: Physical harm (kicking, biting,
shaking, stabbing or punching)

Sexual Abuse: Intrusion or penetration, molestation

with genital contact, or other forms of sexual
acts

Neglect: Refusal or delay in providing health care; basic

needs
(food, shelter, affection, and attention),
inadequate
supervision; or abandonment
Emotional Abuse: Rejecting, isolating, terrorizing,
ignoring or corrupting a child

BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSICAL INDICATORS

Physical indicator:
Bruises

Behavioral indicator:
-

Withdrawing from others

Aggressive behaviors

Wearing clothing that is inappropriate to

weather and body size

Complaining of discomfort or pain

Arriving early to school and leaves late

Cautious of adult interaction

SEXUAL ABUSE
Physical Indicators:
-

Pregnancy

Difficulty sitting or walking

Bleeding or bruises in the genital area

Bloody, torn or stained undergarments, and

itching

Discomfort or pain in the genital area

Behavioral Indicators: (Externalizing and

Internalizing)
-

Internalizing behaviors; anxiety, depression,

poor school performance, and self-mutilation

Externalizing behaviors; anger, aggression, and

hyperactivity

NEGLECT
Physical Indicators:
-

Abandonment by parents or guardians

Consistent hunger

Inappropriate clothing

Unattended medical needs

Behavioral Indicators:
-

Stealing food

Arriving early and leaving late to school

High level of fatigue, delinquency and alcohol or

drug abuse

EMOTIONAL ABUSE
Physical Indicators:
-

Speech disorders

Ulcers

Delayed physical development

Behavioral Indicators:
-

Extreme passivity and aggression

Delinquent behavior

Antisocial behavior

Sleep disorders

ROLE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

School Counselors
reporting suspected child abuse; provide counseling
services to children and their parents or guardians,
coordinate resources in the community, and design
prevention program
Mandated reporters and need policies, referral
procedures, and essential knowledge. It is legal, moral,
and ethical responsibility to report child abuse
Before a report
Counselor to the student population, including unknown
victims of abuse and neglect
Consultants with concerned parents, teachers, or other
school personnel
Speak with the child to gain a better understanding of
the situation

After a Report
-

They take on various roles including informants,

counselors to the victims or perpetrator,
employees, liaisons with others, court
witnesses, and counselor to the family

Required to cooperate with child protective

service

Witnesses in legal proceedings

Initialize individual or small group counseling

sessions to support the victims of abuse or
neglect

School Counselors can also assist in the

prevention of child abuse by:

(1) Knowing child protective services workers in

the area
(2) Maintaining accurate school counseling records
in a confidential file
(3) Purchasing materials specific to child abuse to
facilitate discussion of feelings and trauma
(4) Having available resources about testifying in
court

ABUSED SPOUSE

DOMESTIC ABUSE / SPOUSAL ABUSE

-

To gain and maintain total control over you

SIGNS OF AN ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIP

Your Inner Thoughts and
Feelings
Do you:
- Feel afraid of your partner
much of the time?
- Avoid certain topics out of
fear of angering your
partner?
- Believe that you deserve to
be hurt or mistreated?

Your Partners Belittling

Behavior
Does your partner:
- Humiliate or yell at you?
- Criticize you and put you
down?
- Treat you so badly that
youre embarrassed for
your friends or family to
see?
- Ignore or put down your
opinions or
accomplishments?

Your Partners Violent

Behavior or Threats
Does your partner:
- Have a bad and
unpredictable temper?
- Hurt you, or threaten to hurt
or kill you?
- Threaten to commit suicide
if you leave?

Your Partners Controlling

Behavior
Does your partner:
- Act excessively jealous and
possessive?
- Control where you go or
what you do?
- Constantly check up on
you?

SEXUAL ABUSE
- forced sex
EMOTIONAL ABUSE
- includes verbal abuse such as yelling, name-calling,
blaming and shaming
TACTICS OF ABUSERS
-

Dominance

Humiliation

Isolation

Threats

Intimidation

Denial and Blame

CYCLE OF VIOLENCE IN DOMESTIC

ABUSE
Abuse

Set-up

Guilt

Fantasy

Excuses
Normal
Behavio
r

RECOGNIZING THE WARNING SIGNS OF

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND ABUSE
General Warning Signs:
-

Afraid or anxious to please their partner

Go along with everything their partner says and does

Check in often with their partner to report where they

are and what theyre doing

Warning signs of Physical Violence

-

Restricted from seeing family and friends

Rarely go out in public without their partner

Psychological warning signs of abuse

-

Low self-esteem, even if they used to be confident

Major personality changes (outgoing person becomes

withdrawn)

Depressed, anxious, suicidal

COUNSELING IN DOMESTIC ABUSE

-

Individual counseling, however, can help a victim of

domestic abuse see the pattern of violence in the
relationship and develop a safety plan.

Group Therapy

Art Therapy

Music Therapy

Animal-assisted Therapies