MIDTERM LECTURE

1
DR. ROEL U. HERNANDEZ

CULTURE A RECAP
Culturecan be defined as the language, norms, values, beliefs, and more that,
together, form a people's way of life. It is a combination of elements that affect
how people think, how they act, and what they own. Filipino culture, for
instance, includes everything just mentioned. It also includes our history,
architecture, religious traditions and so much more.
Culture is an essential part of being human. No one is completely without it; in
fact, an individual can be part of many cultures andsubcultures. For example,
someone who lives in the Philippines could be part of the national culture in
addition to the distinct culture of the South, a religious community, a heritage
group, and more.

MATERIAL AND NON-MATERIAL CULTURES

(RECAP)
There are many, many elements and aspects of culture. However, each can be categorized
as either material or nonmaterial culture.Material cultureincludes all the physical things
that people create and attach meaning to. Clothing, food, tools, and architecture are
examples of material culture that most people would think of. Natural objects and materials
(rock, dirt, trees, etc.) aren't considered to be part of material culture. However, how
people view natural objects and how they use them are.
Nonmaterial cultureincludes creations and abstract ideas that are not embodied in
physical objects. In other words, any intangible products created and shared between the
members of a culture over time are aspects of their nonmaterial culture. Social roles, rules,
ethics, and beliefs are just some examples. All of them are crucial guides for members of a
culture to use to know how to behave in their society and interpret the world.

CULTURE A RECAP
Culturecan be viewed as the customs, arts and social interactions of a
particular nation, people, or other social group. It can also be defined
as an appreciation of the arts and human intellectual achievement. In
both views of culture, examples can provide a good way to get a quick
understanding of culture.

CULTURES
A RE-INTRODUCTION

CULTURE A RE-INTRODUCTION
Identifying the Cultures Around You (Sariling Atin)
Culture of Diversity
Popular Culture
Foreign Culture (Cultures of the World)
Corporate Culture (The Rat Race)

MIDTERM LECTURE
1I
DR. ROEL U. HERNANDEZ

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)
Examples of culture can be seen everywhere around
you.

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)
About Dating
Women during the Spanish regime were generally shy, refined and inhibited.
Their behavior was strictly monitored by the family to maintain their good
reputation. A girl was not seen alone with a man; he did not touch them, not
even her hands when talking to each other they were always an arm's length
apart. A man got to know a woman only by being a friend of the woman's trusted
friend who would help in case he wanted to have the opportunity to see the girl
of his dreams. He did not directly approach the woman; that was impolite. On the
other hand, the woman did not face a man alone; to exchange glances with the
man was unbecoming.

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)
About Dating (continuation)
A man who had the courage to ask for a date had to pass several tests. First, he
got the permission of the girl's parents to visit their daughter. Once he was
permitted, his formal visit was in full attendance of the older members of the
family who also participated in the conversation. The hardest test was how to
convince the girl to say yes because the woman played hard to get. She kept
putting off her answer. When the man finally succeeded, the girl was strictly
chaperoned during their date so that he was not even able to whisper romantic
words.

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)
About Marriage
MARRIAGE is sacred to the Filipinos. One becomes the butt of jokes if he or she remains
single. A bachelorette is considered a potential competitor for the attention of a husband.
Parents train their sons and daughters in the proper choice of a mate. Both are reminded
that if they marry, they had to get along well not just with one another but with their inlaws as well.
Before marriage, the boy's parents seek the approval of the girl's parents for MARRIAGE
with their daughter <. The man's parents often take along someone whom they believe
is highly respected by the girls parents. ^ They first engage into discussions regarding
the latest happenings and when the proper climate is established, the man's father
states the purpose of their visit, which is to ask for the girl's hand in marriage. The girl's
parents are not expected to agree immediately. > If the future in-laws persist the parents
of the bride give their consent. The details of their marriage are discussed and agreed
upon during the next visit of the future parents-in-law.

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)
About Marriage (continuation)
The wedding reception is held in the bride's home. Members of the community
volunteer to help bridegroom in one way or another by either contributing some
money or by offering their services in the preparation of the wedding feats.

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)
About The Art
Filipinos are lovers of art. Their art is reflected in the things they do and way they
believe in daily life. For stage dramas they performed the Zarzuela and the moromoro, forms of art which depicted the life of the people.
The best examples of architecture of the sixteenth to the nineteenth century are
the churches built by the Spaniards with the help of the Filipinos.
Filipinos love music in any form.
The idea of organizing a rondalla must have been born during the latter part of
Spanish rule in the Philippines when the guitar was introduced.

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)
About The Art
The Filipinos also love to sing and dance. Their songs range from folk to pop;
classic kundiman to modern operas. They sing to their souls content. The
Philippines has contributed its share of the world famous opera singers such
as Jovita Fuente, Isang Tapales, Conchita Gaston, and Aurello Estanislao.
Dancing is the moving spirit among many Filipinos. Their skill on the dance
floor is superb. Early indigenous dances represented nature.
Fifty years ago, every school program was a literary-musical program of
Filipino songs, dances, dramas, and poems. Now, with school programs
consisting of modern dances and plays, pop and jazz music, how can we
expect our youth to be proud of the Filipino culture? What can be done before
it is too late.

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)
About The Religion
Before the introduction of Christianity, the Filipinos were mostly pagans.
They worshipped spirits which they believed dwell in objects like trees,
mountains, rivers, ect. They worshipped nature, the sun the moon, and
the stars. They also believed in a supreme God or deity. Because of their
belief in a deity and in animate or living things their religion was called
animo-delsm.
It was not long after the Spain colonized the Philippines that the Filipinos
become Christians. Today, majority of the Filipinos are Catholics.

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)
About The Religion/Religious Sects
Christianity:
Roman Catholicism.
Apostolic Catholic Church

Iglesia ni Cristo.
Philippine Independent Church (Aglipayan) *
Jesus Miracle Crusade International Ministry.
Church of God International (Ang Dating Daan)

Rizalism
Islam and Hinduism
Atheism and agnosticism.

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)
About The Beliefs
In spite of the diverse religious groups in the Philippines each with its particular
practices; the Filipinos believe in only one God who is almighty and omnipotent.
Religious practices show concern and love for one's neighbors. Among the
Catholics, the Ten Commandment's set the standard of behavior. They keep
images of their saints at home and every church has a patron saint.

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)
About The Beliefs
In spite of the diverse religious groups in the Philippines each with its particular
practices; the Filipinos believe in only one God who is almighty and omnipotent.
Religious practices show concern and love for one's neighbors. Among the
Catholics, the Ten Commandment's set the standard of behavior. They keep
images of their saints at home and every church has a patron saint.

IDENTIFYING THE CULTURES AROUND YOU

(SARILING ATIN)
About The Traditions
Traditions coincide with religious beliefs.
Catholic Celebrations
Fiesta Celebrations
Christmas Celebrations
Holy Week
Burial
All Saints Day

Other traditions are acquired from other influences.

CULTURE OF DIVERSITY (SARILING ATIN)

You may live in a town that is very accepting of people of different races,
genders, sexual orientations and national origins.
The community calendar may be filled with festivals and events that
include community members from different races and national origins.
The local library may provide informational seminars and research
materials for citizens born in other countries.
There might be multiple sports options for citizens of both genders and all
ages.
The agenda of the city staff, local businesses and religious organizations
may promote a wide variety of exciting shopping, educational and religious
experiences.
These actions would be examples of a culture of diversity.

POPULAR CULTURE (SARILING ATIN)

The activities of the citizens generate the popular culture. What you listen to,
what you read, what you wear and how you speak are all examples of your
popular culture.
The favorite music of the culture may include artists on the Billboard Top
100 or from the newest pop stars on YouTube.
Best selling books and popular films can play a big role in shaping the
opinions and experiences of a culture.
Interaction through social networking can provide the vehicle for people of
all ages, races, interests and genders to quickly communicate and share
their ideas.

POPULAR CULTURE (SARILING ATIN)

The activities of the citizens generate the popular culture. What you listen to,
what you read, what you wear and how you speak are all examples of your
popular culture.
Fashion trends can be a bellweather of both the current culture and the
direction in which a popular is moving. Casual clothes may relect a more
relaxed culture while fast-moving, quick-changing trends may echo the
fast-changing cultural trends.
Language is a key way to communicate the goals, thoughts and
experiences of popular culture. Multiple languages, slang expressions, new
words for new experiences can all work together to decribe the current
culture.
All of these things are examples of popular culture.

MIDTERM LECTURE
I1I
DR. ROEL U. HERNANDEZ

FOREIGN CULTURE (CULTURES OF THE

WORLD)
You might visit a new country and marvel at the way in which people in that
country talk, think or act.
The language of a country binds together the citizens of a country and can
allow for their effective communication. Dialects and accents can help
identify the various subcultures within a country.
The way a country approaches their culture is often reflected in how they
spend their collective time, money and energies and may be reflective in
how they establish their laws.
The etiquette and customs of a country can play a key role in developing
the appearance of a country. How a country acts is an important factor in
the country's fashion, language, family lives and business-to-business
dealings.
The beliefs of a country, both religious and historical, are often at the core
of a country's culture.

FOREIGN CULTURE (CULTURES OF THE

WORLD)
You might visit a new country and marvel at the way in which people in that
country talk, think or act.
The language of a country binds together the citizens of a country and can
allow for their effective communication. Dialects and accents can help
identify the various subcultures within a country.
The way a country approaches their culture is often reflected in how they
spend their collective time, money and energies and may be reflective in
how they establish their laws.
The etiquette and customs of a country can play a key role in developing
the appearance of a country. How a country acts is an important factor in
the country's fashion, language, family lives and business-to-business
dealings.
The beliefs of a country, both religious and historical, are often at the core
of a country's culture.

FOREIGN CULTURE (CULTURES OF THE WORLD)

INDIAN CULTURE

FOREIGN CULTURE (CULTURES OF THE WORLD)

CHINESE VS WESTERN CULTURE: RELATIONSHIPS

FOREIGN CULTURE (CULTURES OF THE WORLD)

CHINESE VS WESTERN CULTURE: PARENTS

MIDTERM LECTURE
IV
DR. ROEL U. HERNANDEZ

CORPORATE CULTURE (THE RAT RACE)

Corporate culturerefers to the beliefs and behaviors that determine how a
company's employees and management interact and handle outside business
transactions. Often,corporate cultureis implied, not expressly defined, and
develops organically over time from the cumulative traits of the people the
company hires.

CORPORATE CULTURE (THE RAT RACE)

Culture at work can be shown in a variety of ways including how people dress,
how the offices are designed, how the employees are treated and the way the
company interjects its culture into its products services and how it projects itself
to its customers.
An office might be casual or formal in design.
Employees may be encouraged to dress casually to encourage a feeling of
equality and to encourage comfort and productivity.
Management might project a caring and personable attitude by sending
cards and gifts to employees on key dates in their lives such as birthdays,
marriages, births and deaths of family members.

CORPORATE CULTURE (THE RAT RACE)

Culture at work can be shown in a variety of ways including how people dress,
how the offices are designed, how the employees are treated and the way the
company interjects its culture into its products services and how it projects itself
to its customers.
The caring and personable attitude of management may be projected to
the customers through a high level of service, personal recognition of key
customers and corporate involvement in community and charitable
organizations.
The design and location of the offices may relate to the employee's
seniority with more senior employees having larger offices or cubicles
which are located the furthest from the door.
The attitudes and ways in which people act are an example of the
corporate cultureat your office.

CORPORATE CULTURE (THE RAT RACE)

CORPORATE CULTURE (THE RAT RACE)