Professional Documents
Culture Documents
on cardiovascular
system
Epidemiology of
CVD and Tobacco
Cardiovascular risks of
secondhand smoke
Secondhand smoke (SHS) increases the risk of coronary
heart disease among nonsmokers by 25%-30%, for both
among men and women, and exposure in home and
workplace.
A significant dose-response relationship between intensity
and duration of exposure to SHS and CVD risks
Risk increases sharply with low doses of SHS (< 5
cigs/day)
Risk increases more slowly and linearly with higher level
of exposure (5-20 cigs/day)
(He et al., 1999; Pechacek et al., 2004)
Cost-effectiveness of Smoking
Cessation for CVD Prevention
Compared to different CVD prevention
strategies (ex. Lowering blood pressure,
blood glucose, LDL cholesterol, BMI),
smoking cessation is the most costeffective intervention for CVD prevention.
Kahn et al. (2008)
Teo et al (2006)
Tobacco and
Cardiovascular Diseases
the Mechanisms
Pathophysiology of Cigarette
Smoking and CVD
Mechanisms by which smoking causes
acute cardiovascular disease :
Thrombosis
Endothelial dysfunction
Inflammation
Hemodynamic changes
Smoking-mediated thrombosis appears
to be a major factor in the pathogenesis
of acute cardiovascular events.
(Benowitz, 2003)
Pathophysiology of Cigarette
Smoking and CVD
(Benowitz, 2003)
(Law and
Wald, 2003)
Smoking Cessation
for CVD Patients
Nicotine gum
Nicotine patch OTC
Nicotine Lozenge
Nicotine nasal spray
Nicotine inhalation
Nicotine sub lingual
Nicotine replacement
therapy (NRT)
NRT delivers nicotine without the toxins
from tobacco1
NRT helps combat the symptoms of
withdrawal2
Nicotine dose from NRT is lower and
administered more gradually than with
smoking and this reduces the addictive
potential1,3
1 Benowitz & Gourlay. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1997; 29: 1422-1431.
2 Silagy et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004; (3): CD000146.
3 Le Houezec. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2003; 7: 811-819.