Servo Motor

and Its applications

Presentation by :
P.V.V.A.Subod

What Is a Servo motor?

AservomotorisaROTARYACTUATORthatallowsfor
precisecontrolofangularposition.
Whentheobjectiveofthesystemistocontrolthepositionof
anobjectthenthesystemiscalledServomechanism.
TheseareusedtoconverttheappliedElectricalsignaltoan
Angulardisplacementoftheshaft.

The Servo system :

Aclosed-loopmotionsystemusingacurrentamplifier,servo
controller,servomotorandapositionfeedbackdevicesuchas
anencodertopreciselycontrolspeedandpositionofaload.
Themotorcanbeelectric,hydraulic,pneumaticoreven
internalcombustion.
Thefeedbacksensorcanbemechanicalorelectronic,analogor
digitalanditcanberotaryorlinear.

Construction and Working :

IngeneralacservomotorisatwophaseInductionmotor.
Therotorconstructionisusuallysquirrelcagetype.
Thestatorconsistsoftwopolepairsmountedontheinner
peripheryofthestatorsuchthattheiraxesareatanangleof90
degreesinspace.

How does a Servo Motor works?

Servosarecontrolledbysendingthemapulseofvariable
width.
Theangleisdeterminedbythedurationofapulsethatis
appliedtothecontrolwire.ThisiscalledPulsewidth
Modulation.Theservoexpectstoseeapulseevery20ms.The
lengthofthepulsewilldeterminehowfarthemotorturns.
Servoswillnotholdtheirpositionforeverthough,theposition
pulsemustberepeatedtoinstructtheservotostayinposition.

How does a Servo Motor works?

Thecontrolwireisusedtocommunicatetheangle.Theangle
isdeterminedbythedurationofapulsethatisappliedtothe
controlwire.Thisiscalled
PulseCodedModulation.
Theservoexpectstoseea
pulseevery20milliseconds.
Thelengthofthepulsewill
determinehowfarthe
motorturns.

Features of a Servo Motor :

Linearrelationshipbetweenthespeedandelectricalcontrol
signal.
Steadystatestability.
Widerangeofspeedcontrol.
Linearityofmechanicalcharacteristicsthroughouttheentire
speedrange.
LowmechanicalandelectricalInertia.
Fastresponsetothesignal.

Symbolic representation of a Servo Motor :

Itconsistsofrotor,control
Winding,,amplifierand
Modulator.

A simplified block diagram of Servo motor

Block Diagram representing the

components of a Servo motor :

Applications :
Thereareaquitelarge
applicationsofservo
motorsinthemodern
technology.
Infactalmosteverynew
technologicaldevelopment
usesServomotors.

Press feed
Inthisapplication,sheetmaterialisfedintoapresswhereitis
cutofftolengthwithaknifebladeorsheer.Thesheetmaterial
mayhavealogoorotheradvertisementthatmustlineup
registrationmarkswiththecut-offpoint.Inthisapplicationthe
speedandpositionofthesheetmaterial
mustbesynchronizedwiththe
correctcut-offpoint.

In-line Bottle Filling

Inthisapplication10nozzlesaremountedonacarriagethatis
drivenbyaball-screwmechanism.Theball-screwmechanismisalso
calledaleadscrew.Whenthemotorturnstheshaftoftheballscrew,
thecarriagewillmovehorizontallyalongthelengthoftheball-screw
shaft.Thismovementwillbesmoothsothateachofthenozzlescan
dispenseproductintothebottles
withlittlespillage.
Theservodrivesystemutilizesa
positioningdrivecontrollerwith
softwarethatallowstheposition
andvelocitytobetrackedasthe
conveyorlinemovesthebottles.

Other similar applications :

Opening/ClosingDoors.
Diamondcuttingmachine.
Packing/WrappingMachine.
FoodProcessingMachine.
SemiconductormanufacturingEquipment.
BeltDrivenmachine.
X-YRobots.
Constantrateoffeeding,wherefixedoperationisrequired

The main applications :

Robotics:
Thesemotorsareofthehighestimportanceinroboticsasthey
facilitateintelligentandnaturalmovement.Itcantransmit
informationregardingtherotationofthemotoronitsaxis,thus
keepingtherobotawareofthemovementofitsvariousparts.

The main applications :

Movement Control:
Theservomotor'scapacityforsensitiveoperationmakesitavital
componentinmanyindustries.Aswellasitsuseinremote
controlledvehicles,thesemotorsareessentialfordynamic
responsesincommercialaircraft,vehiclecruisecontrol,aswell
asmachinetoolsandsteamturbines.Thesemotorsareusefulin
anyapplicationinwhichprecisemovementisrequired.Ithas
beenusedtoaidthemovementofantennaeusedinmilitary
detectionsystems,particularlythoselocatedinharsh
environmentswithroughweatherconditions.

The main applications :

Remote Controlled Devices:
Thesemotorsareanessentialcomponenttoanythingwith
remotelycontrolledmovement,fromsimplechildren'stoysto
moresophisticatedmodels.Specifically,servomotorsareusedin
remotecontrolledvehiclestopreciselymovecontrolsurfaces.
Theseincludetheelevatorswhichcontrolthepitchofanaircraft
andtheruddersofaship,submarineoraircraftwhichsteerthe
vehiclethroughairorwater.Theservoinremotecontrolledcars,
forinstance,willperformthrottlecontrol,braking,steeringand
engaginggearsinforwardorreverse.

Othermilitaryapplicationsforthistypeofmotorsinclude
Fire-control.
Marinenavigation.
Antiaircraft-gunsystems.
Servomotorsfacilitatethehighlyprecisemechanismsneeded
intheglassindustry,suchastheneedtocutspecificamounts
ofmoltenglasstoaqualityfinish.
Servosarealsousedinmanyauto-focuscameras,toaccurately
positionthelensandadjustthefocus.Theprecisionofservo
motorsisusedtoadvantageinmodernharddiskdrivesforthe
speedofthedisk'srotation.

PPTBY:
P.V.V.A.Subod
REGNO:-1210511244
EMAIL:ADISUBODSSS@gmail.com
CONTACT:09059006008
DEPT:EEE
Thankyou