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P.kiran Kumar ASST.PROF
NARSIMHA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
DEPT. OF ECE
Unit III
SWITCHING NETWORKS
SINGLE STAGE NETWORKS:
A network containing a cross-point
matrix with M-inlets and N-outlets is called
as Single stage network.
The cross points may be contacts of
crossbar switch or electronic devices .
Gradings-Principal :
The technique of interconnecting the multiples
of switches in order to reduce the num of
trunks in a route is known as Gradings
For a route switch it is not necessary for each
incoming to have access to every outgoing
trunk. In order to provide required grade of
service, it is sufficient if each incoming trunk is
connected to outgoing trunk which is referred
as Limited Availability.
Availability is defined as the num of
outgoing trunks to which an incoming trunk is
Linked.
individual trunks.
..
N= g K as K<N<gK
.. g = 2N/K
As grading is Symmetrical, the
value of g must be always
even.
Gradings
HOMOGENEUS GRADINGS:
In homogeneous grading each
between equal number of groups.
trunk
is
shared
(1)
B = Grade of service.
N = Num of required trunks.
K = Availability.
Applications of Gradings
1.
2.
3.
Link systems:
A general link system contains
multiple stages of primary and
secondary switches, with large
number of possible links between
all the stages.
The most commonly used link
systems are:
Two stage network.
Three stage network.
Four stage network.