People without the knowledge of their

past history, origin and culture are like

trees without roots.
Marcus Garvey
History is written by the winners.
ALEX HALEY

History of Saudi Arabia

History of Saudi Arabia

Homeland of Islam.
Muhammad(S.A.W) was Born here.
And Holy Quran was revealed to
Muhammad(S.A.W) on this Holy Land.
Human habitation started back to about
15,000 to 20,000 years ago.
People of various cultures have lived in
the peninsula over a span of more than
5,000 years

History of Saudi Arabia

Not much settlement due to harsh
climate except Mecca and Medina.
Islam stretched from the Atlantic
Ocean in the west to central Asia in
the east, embracing today's southern
Italy, Spain, and parts of France.
The history of modern Saudi Arabia
begins with Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, known
in the West as Ibn Saud.

Rise of Islam
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), was
born in Mecca in about 570 A.D.
Started Preaching Islam in 610 but
migrated to Medina in 622 A.D.
Tribes of Arabia were united under
the banner of Islam.
Muhammad (S.A.W) died in 632 A.D.
Between 570 and 632 A.D.

Rise of Islam
The Four Caliphs (al-khulaf' ar-rshidn)
Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A)
Hazrat Umar(R.A)
Hazrat Usman (R.A)
Hazrat Ali (R.A)
Succeeded by Umayyad Caliphate
Defeated Byzantine army, destroyed the
Persian Empire, Conquered Iberian
peninsula to India.

Middle Ages
Stability and advancing human
knowledge
Arabs originally contributed to
chemistry, physics, optics,
astronomy, medicine, mathematics,
literature, and philosophy; They
invented algebra.

Ottoman Empire
Referred to as the Turkish Empire or
Turkey
State founded by Turkish tribes under
Osman Bey in north-western Anatolia in
1299.
The empire reached its peak in 1590,
covering parts of Asia, Europe and Africa.
Their reign lasted for 623 years, from 27
July 1299 to 1 November 1922.

18th century: the rise of Wahhabism

and the first Saudi "state"
The emergence of the Saudi dynasty
began in central Arabia in 1744.
Muhammad ibn Saud joined forces
with Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab
to provide the ideological impetus to
Saudi expansion.

History of Saudi Arabia

The First State of Saudi Arabia known
as Emirate of Diriyah
Established in the year 1744.
Diriyah
Flag

19th century: tribal warfare

and Ottoman domination
TheAl Saudreturned to power in 1824.
Founded the second State of Saudi
Arabia Nejd.
The Al Rashid of Ha'il contested Al
Saud.
Al Saud and the Al Rashid fought for
control of the interior of what was to
become Saudi Arabia.

The Arab Revolt (19161918)

By the early 20th century, the Ottoman
Empire continued to control or have
suzerainty over most of the peninsula.
In 1916, with the encouragement and
support of Britain and France, the Sharif
of Mecca, Hussein bin Ali, led a pan-Arab
revolt against the Ottoman Empire.
Ottomans' First World War defeat in 1918.

The foundation of Saudi

Arabia
In 1902, Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud, known
as Ibn Saud, a descendant of the first
Wahhabi rulers, laid the basis of the
present Saudi Arabian state.
Wahhabi Conquests continues.
The Hejaz fell to Saud in 192425 and
in 1932 was combined with the Nejd
to form the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Facts and Figures

Capital Riyadh
Government Absolute Monarchy
Currency Saudi riyal (SAR)
Area total: 1,960,582 km2
water: 0 km2
land: 1,960,582 km2
Population 27,601,038 includes
5,576,076 non-nationals (July 2007 est.)

Name

Ibn Saud

Saud

Faisal

Khalid

Fahd

Lifespan
15
January
1876 9
Novembe
r
1953(age
d77)
12
January
1902
23
February
1969(age
d67)
April
1906
25 March
1975
(aged
69)
13
February
1913
13 June
1982(age
d69)
16 March
1920 1

Reign
start

Reign
end

Notes

22
9
Septemb Novembe
er 1932 r 1953

Family

Saud

2
9
Novembe Son of Ibn Saud and
Novembe r 1964
Wadhah bint Muhammad Saud
r 1953
(deposed bin 'Aqab
)

25 March
2
Son of Ibn Saud and
1975
Novembe
Tarfa bint Abduallah bin
(assassin
r 1964
Abdulateef al Sheekh
ated)

25 March 13 June
1975
1982

13 June

Saud

Son of Ibn Saud and

Saud
Al Jawhara bint Musaed bi
n Jiluwi

1 August Son of Ibn Saud and

Image

Timeline of Saudi Arabia

History

Short History