3D Scanning

How can we get the form?

Projection

Scanning
A 3D

scanner is a device that analyzes a

real-world object or environment to collect
data on its shape and possibly its
appearance (i.e. color). The collected data
can then be used to construct digital,
three dimensional models
Touch probe, optical, laser ranging, etc.
Usually the points are structured

3D Scanning equipment
Contact
Touch

type
probe scanner

CMM

Non-contact
Laser

type

scanner
Optical scanner

Touch probe scanning

Co-ordinate measurement

Laser range scanning

CMM with rigid perpendicular arms

Optical scanning

Application range
From

very small (tip of a drill bit) to very

large (Even a tower)
Rigid or soft
Coloured, glossy, transparent
Restrictions: Smoke, hair, cloud, very fast
moving objects, etc.

Data captured
X

Y Z location of points
Freshly scanned data sets are usually
structured, as a array in XY plane with
different Z values
May become un-structured, un-even
spaced in all directions after re-sampling
Usually stored as an ASCII text file

Point cloud
The

collection of points is called point

clouds
A point cloud define the SURFACE of an
object
Some scanner (like CT and MRI) can
measure physical properties of a objects
entire solid mass, the collection of points
is not point cloud, it is called VOXEL

Level of details (LOD)

LOD

is determined by point density, which

is determined during scanning
LOD is proportional to file size
Scanning itself is not selective, the result
file size of a flat surface is the same as a
carved board

Shape consideration
Optical

scanner capture a 2D array of

points each time
Steep surface will have less points cast on
it, thus fewer details

3D Optical scanning
Take

pictures of the object

Output a set of 3D points

Shape VS position
Point

clouds gives only position

information
The shape of the object, if there is any, is
not defined in the point cloud data
Human can infer the shape from the
clouds easily, but it is very difficult for
machines

Scan registration and merge

Positioning and scaling

Data

from optical scanner is not necessary

correct in size
Positioning of point cloud is not necessary
suitable for surface patching
Alignment may need to be adjusted

Triangulation
The

process of converting point clouds to

polygon models
Triangulation is computation intensive
If two points are close together, they are
most probably on one surface
If there are more that one possible shape,
the shape that form a CONVEX HULL are
more likely the correct choice

Feature curves
Feature

curves are curves that define

distinctive visual features
Sharp

edges

Fillets
Holes

3D

scanning cannot capture feature

curves directly
Irregularities may be corrected

Surface recreation
Cut

Sections by user defined plane, and

then create surface according to these
sections
Draw 3D feature curves directly on the
point cloud
Full auto generation

Steps to retrieve CAD from foam

model
Scanning

and stitching
Re-sampling
Automatic surfacing or manual surfacing
For manual surfacing
Positioning

and scaling
Draw feature curves
Draw Surface patches
Check deviation

3D SCANNER in space
Engineers

have agreed for a long time that

it is not very economic to assemble a
satellite here, on Earth, and to launch it
into space only after it is assembled
Recently, a space technology
development company has come up with
the idea that the components should be
built up in the space with gigantic 3D
printers

 According

to the idea, printers could be remote

controlled from Earth. If all of these things came
true, many components such as shields and
supports could be saved, which now serve to
protect the satellite while it gets out into the
space.
while the crew of the International Space Station
could use them to reproduce damaged
components quickly. According to the most
daring ideas space printers could collect, break
down or even reuse space debris orbiting
around the Earth.

Technology
There

are a variety of technologies for digitally

acquiring the shape of a 3D object.
A well established classification divides them
into two types: contact and non-contact 3D
scanners.
Non-contact 3D scanners can be further divided
into two main categories, active scanners and
passive scanners. There are a variety of
technologies that fall under each of these
categories.

Related applications
Specialised

applications

Surfacer
Rapid

Form
Raindrop Geomagic
Scanning
Pro/E,

modules

UG, CATIA, ALIAS

Benefits of 3D scanning
3D

model scanning could benefit the

design process if:
Increase effectiveness working with
complex parts and shapes.
Help with design of products to
accommodate someone else's part.
If CAD models are outdated, a 3D scan
will provide an updated version
Replacement of missing or older parts

3D BODY SCANNER
3D

scanners can capture a single scan in

just a few seconds. They can obtain 3D
measurements quickly which can be
analyzed immediately with the patient.
Fast scanning speed prevents patients
from moving during the 3D scanning
process. White light scanners are also
safe the eye for face scanning.

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