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CORRECTION

REVIEW

PREPARED BY:
BENJAMIN O. DULIPAS MS CRIM

From a strictly Mathematical View


Point
What Equals 100%? What does it mean
to give MORE than 100%? Ever
wonder about those people who say
they are giving more than 100%? We
have all been in situations where
someone wants you to give over
100%. How about achieving 101%?
What equals 100% in life?

Heres a little mathematical


formula that might help you
answer these
Question:
If:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRS
TUVWXYZ
Is represented as:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Then:
H-A-R-D-W-O-R-K
8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11=98%
And
K-N-O-W-L-E-D-G-E
11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5=96
%
But,
A-T-T-I-T-U-D-E
1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5=100%
And, look how far the love of God
will take you
L-O-V-E-O-F-G-O-D
12+15+22+5+15+6+7+15+4=101
%

Therefore, one can


conclude with
mathematical
certainty that: While
Hard work and
Knowledge will get you
close, and Attitude will
get you there, its the
Love of God that will
put you over the top!

Correction
Correction is among the five
Pillars of the PCJS and patterned
from the system of United
States and Great Britain.
Originally, the third component
was penology but due to
modern and democratic trends
in the field of Criminal Justice, it
was changed to Correction.
Thus, Correction evolved from

Penology
Greek term PIONE Penalty
Latin word - POENA- Pain or
Suffering.
Latin word PENO Punishment
Penology is the study of punishment for
crime or of criminal offenders. It
includes the study of control and
prevention of crime through
punishment of criminal offenders.

NATURE

Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. It is actually a


division of criminology concerned with the philosophy and
practice of society to repress criminal activities. Traditional
penologist stood for the policy of inflicting punishment on
the offenders as a consequence of their wrongdoing.
However modern penologists have reasonably extended
their field such that Penology today covers other policies
that are not punitive in character, such as:
1. Probation
2. Parole
3. Medical Treatment, and
4. Education
These programs are designed to cure or rehabilitate the
offender; in fact this is the accepted nature of the penology.

What is Penal
Management?
Refers to the manner or practice of
managing or controlling places of
confinement as in jails or prisons.

What is Correction?
A. A branch of the CJS concerned with the
custody, supervision and rehabilitation of
the convicted offenders.
B. Is that field of criminal justice
administration which utilizes the body of
knowledge and practices of the government
and the society in general involving the
processes of handling individuals who have
been convicted of offense for purposes of
crime prevention and control.

What is Correction as a Process ?

Correction as a process is the


reorientation of the criminal
offender to prevent him or her
from repeating his delinquent
actions without the necessity of
taking punitive action but rather
introduction of individual
measures of reformation.

What is Correctional
Administration?
The study and practice of a
systematic management of Jails or
Prison and other Institution concerned
with the custody, treatment, and
rehabilitation of criminal offenders.

What is Correctional
Psychology?
That aspect of forensic psychology
which is concerned with the
diagnosis and classification of
offenders, the treatment of
correctional populations, and the
rehabilitation of inmates and other
law violators

Theories of Punishment
RETRIBUTION An eye for an eye
philosophy of justice
-It generally requires harsh
punishment
Just Deserts -philosophy of
punishments, implying that offenders
get what they deserve
-Emphasizes the idea of penal censure
of defendant. Sees the punishment
as being proportional to the

DETERRENCE The theory of


punishment which envisages that
potential offenders will refrain from
committing crimes out of fear of
Theories of Deterrence
punishment
1. Classical theory
2. Choice theory or rational choice
theory

2 Types of Deterrence
1. General deterrence: The offender
is punished to serve as an
example to all others who may be
contemplating a similar offense
2. Specific or Individual deterrence:
To prevent the offender from reoffending

Types Correctional Model


1. Custodian Model -based on the
assumption that prisoners have been
incarcerated for the protection society
and for the purpose in incapacitation,
deterrence and retribution. It
emphasizes maintenance and security
and order through the subordination of
the prisoner to the authority of the
warden. Discipline is strictly applied
and most aspect of behavior is

Types Correctional Model


2. Rehabilitation Model - security
and house keeping activities viewed
primarily as a framework for
rehabilitative efforts. Professional
treatment specialist enjoys a higher
status than the employees, in
accordance with the idea that all
aspect of prison management should
be directed towards rehabilitation with
the rethinking of the goal of the

Types Correctional
Model
3. Reintegration Model - is linked to the
structures and goals of community corrections
but has direct impact on prison operations.
Although on offender is confined in prison, that
experience is pointed toward reintegration into
society. This kind of treatment gradually gives
inmates greater freedom and responsibility
during their confinement and move them into a
halfway house, work release programs, or
community correctional center before releasing
them to supervision. Consistent with the
perspective of community corrections, this model
is based on the assumption that it is important
for the offender to maintain or develop ties with
free society the entire focuses this approach is on

What is Punishment?
- is the infliction or imposition of a
penalty as retribution for an offense.
"The penalty inflicted".
- it is the redress that the state takes
against an offending
member of the society that usually
involve pain or suffering.
it is also the penalty imposed on an
offender for a crime or wrongdoing.

Redress (Compensation) of a wrong act.

Retaliation (Personal Vengeance) the earliest


remedy for a wrong act to any one (in the primitive
society). The concept of personal revenge by the
victims family or tribe against the family or tribe
of the offender, hence blood feuds was accepted
in the early primitive societies.
Fines and Punishment Customs has exerted
effort and great force among primitive societies.
The acceptance of vengeance in the form of
payment (cattle, food, personal services, etc.)
became accepted as dictated by tribal traditions.

Ancient Forms of Punishment:


1. Death Penalty affected by burning, beheading,
hanging, and pillory and other forms of medieval
executions.
2. Physical Torture Barbaric forms of inflicting pain. ex.
Mutilation, Whipping.
3. Social Degradation Putting the offender into shame
or humiliation.
4. Banishment or Exile The sending or putting away of
an offender which was carried out either by prohibition
against coming into a specified territory such as an
Island to where the offender has been removed.
5. Other similar forms of punishment like transportation
and slavery.

Method of Punishment

Public Humiliation - Shame punishment


Exile/banishment
Payment to the victim
Branding- (Stigmatizing) - is the process by which a
mark is burned into the skin of a living person.
Flogging- (flagellation) - is the act of methodically
beating or whipping thehuman body.
Mutilation- (maiming) - is the act of physical injury
that degrades the appearance or function of any
living body usually without causing death.
burning
beheading

Early Forms of Prison Discipline:

1. Hard Labor Productive works.


2. Deprivation Deprivation of everything except the bare
essential of existence.
3. Monotony Giving the same food that is off diet, or
requiring the prisoners to perform drab or boring daily routine.
4. Uniformity We treat the prisoner alike. The fault of one is
the fault of all.
5. Mass Movement Mass living in the cellblocks, mass eating,
mass recreation, mass bathing.
6. Degradation uttering insulting words or languages on the
part of prisoners to degrade or break the confidence of
prisoners.
7. Corporal Punishment Imposing brutal punishment or
employing physical force to intimidate a delinquent inmate.
8. Isolation or solitary confinement Non- communication,
limited news. The lone Wolf.

Contemporary Forms of Punishment:


1. Imprisonment putting the offender in prison for the purpose
of protecting the public against criminal activities and at the
same time rehabilitating the prisoners by requiring them to
undergo institutional treatment programs.
2. Parole a conditional release of a prisoner after serving part
of his/her sentence in prison for the purpose of gradually reintroducing him/her to free life under the guidance and
supervision of a parole officer.
3. Probation a disposition whereby a defendant after
conviction of an offense, the penalty of which does not exceed
six years imprisonment, is released subject to the conditions
imposed by the releasing court and under the supervision of a
probation officer.
4. Fine an amount given as a compensation for a criminal act.
5. Destierro the penalty of banishing a person from the place
where he committed a crime, prohibiting him to get near or
enter the 25-kilometer perimeter.

Justifications of Punishment
1. Retribution The punishment should be provided by
the state whose sanction is violated; to afford the
society or the individual the opportunity of imposing
upon the offender suitable punishment as might be
enforced. Offenders should be punished because they
deserve it.
2. Expiation or Atonement It is punishment in the
form of group vengeance where the purpose is to
appease the offended public or group.
3. Deterrence Punishment gives lesson to the
offender by showing to others what would happen to
them if they violate the law. Punishment is imposed
to warn potential offenders that they cannot afford to
do what the offender has done.

4. Incapacitation and Protection The public will


protect, if the offender has being held conditioning
where he cannot harm others especially the public.
Punishment is effective by placing offenders in
prison so that society will be ensured from further
criminal depredations of criminals.
5. Reformation or Rehabilitation It is the
establishment of the usefulness and responsibility
of the offender. Societys interest can be better
served by helping the prisoner to become law
abiding citizen and productive upon his return to
the community by requiring him to undergo
intensive program of rehabilitation in prison.

Penalty Is defined as the suffering inflicted by the state


against an offending member for the transgression of Law.
Juridical Conditions of penalty:
Punishment must be:
1. Productive of Suffering Affecting the integrity of the
human personality.
2. Commensurate with the offense Different crimes must be
punished with different penalties (Art. 205, RPC).
3. Personal The guilty one must be the one to be punished,
no proxy.
4. Legal The consequences must be in accordance with the
law.
5. Equal Equal for all person.
6. Certain No one must escape its effects.
7. Correctional Changes the attitudes of offenders and
become law-abiding citizens.

Duration of Penalties:

1. Death Penalty Capital punishment


2. Reclusion Perpetua An imprisonment of 20 yrs
and 1 day to 40 yrs imprisonment.
3. Reclusion Temporal an imprisonment of 12yrs
and 1day to 20yrs imprisonment.
4. Prison Correctional 6 months and 1days to 6yrs.
5. Arresto Mayor 1month and 1day to 6 months.
6. Arresto Menor 1 day to 30 days.
7. Bond to keep the peace Discretionary on the
part of the court.

Major types of prison organization in


U.S
1. Northern Industrial Prison- under this
type of Prison, prisoner should work for
the benefits of the state.
2. Southern Plantation- a prison that the
labor of he convicted prisoner was
concentrated on agricultural plantation.
3. Chain gangs- labor on public works
through out the state were performed by
the prisoners rather than confining their
labor were chains to avoid escape. They
called themselves chain gangs

Three Revolutions in the History of Corrections

Age of reformation replaced corporal


punishment, exile, and physical disfigurement
with the penitentiary.
Age of rehabilitation assumed that criminals
were handicapped persons suffering from mental
or emotional deficiencies. Under this, individual
therapy aimed at healing these personal
maladjustments, became the preferred style.
Age of reintegration society becomes the
patient as well as the offender. Much more
emphasis is placed on the pressure exerted on the
offender by the social groups to which he belongs
and on the society which regulates his
opportunities to achieve his goals.

History of Corrections
Twelve Tables of Wood- (451-450 BC)represented the earliest codification of Roman Law.
The influence by the Twelve Tables extended to the
6th century AD when they were largely incorporated
into the Justinian Code.
Benefits of Clergy- provided an escape from
severe punishment of members of clergy such as
ordained clerk, moves and nuns by subjecting them
to the jurisdiction of ecclesiastical courts.
Ecclesiastical punishment were more lenient
because the focus of the Church was on Penance
and Salvation of the soul rather than in the
administering of physical punishment for the
purposes of deterrence or revenge.
Securing Sanctuary- in the 13th century, a criminal
could avoid punishment by claiming refugee in a
church, for a period of forty (40) days at the end of
which time he was compelled to leave the realm by
a road or part assigned to him.

History of Corrections
Ordeal- was the churchs substitute for a trial until
the 13th century, where in guilt or innocence was
determined by the availability of the accused to
come unscratched through dangerous and painful
tests.
The Holy Inquisition- a general label for a
succession of Roman Catholic tribunals changed with
the detection and punishment of heresy. Inquisition
proper did not begin until 1215 AD when the Lateran
council decided that the used of torture was
appropriate which was supplemented by an
extensive system of informers and detailed records
kept of every element in proceedings.
St. Bridgets Well- Englands first Houses of
Corrections, 1557

History of Corrections

Hulks- were abandoned or unusable transport ships, which


were converted into prisons as a means of relieving prison
congestion when transported system was abandoned in
rivers or harbors and were also known as floating wells.
Panoptican Prison- a type of prison conceived by
Bentham which would consist of large circular building of
case irons and glass containing multi- tiered cells round the
periphery.
Cat-O nine- tails- a lash of none knotted hongs of raw
hide attached to a solid handle used in the administration
of flogging which was the most popular methods of corporal
punishment in the 18th century.

History of Corrections

Bridewell- the term applied to houses of corrections which


were used for locking up, employing and beggars
prostitutes and other misfits. These were built around the
acceptance of the value of regular work and the formation
of habits of industry.
1576- English Parliamentary passed a law calling for each
county to build its own Bridewell.
1703- Pope Clement XI built Hospicio de San Michelle in
Rome designed for incorrigible youths under 20 years of
age, and which was the first home for delinquent boys ever
established.

The History of
Corrections
Important Personalities:
William Penn ( America ). He
included
in
his
legislation
for
Pennsylvania that imprisonment shall be
the prescribed punishment for criminals;
that all prisons shall be workhouses for
felons, vagrants, and idle persons, and
that each county shall build one. The
colony of the New Plymouth provided for
the erection of House of Correction for
the confinement of Quakers.

The History of
Corrections
Important Personalities:
George
Fox
(17th
century,
England ). He founded the so-called
Quakers, known as the Society of
Friends, a church known for pacifism,
humanitarian and emphasis on inner
quiet, which was persecuted for its
rejection of organized churches.

The History of
Corrections
Important Personalities:
- JOHN HOWARD identified as the Great Prison Reformer
and author of The State of Prisons in England
- John Howard. Father of Prisons Reform.
Visited every Jail and prison in Jurisdiction.
a. Documented conditions in the State of Prison in England
1777
b. Lead to formation several prisons societies
c. Also led to Penitentiary Act of 1779 Intended to make
prisons:
Safe and sanitary
Operate with out fees
Impose regimen of reform
Be Systematically inspected

The History of
Corrections
Important Personalities:
- VICOMTE JEAN JACQUES PHILIPPE
VILLAIN XIV Father of Modern
Penitentiary Science and founder of
the House of Correction in Ghent,
Belgium

Persons Responsible for Introducing


Reforms in the Correctional Field
1. Manuel Montesimos He was the Director of Prisons
at Valencia, Spain in 1838, who divided prisoners into
companies and appointed prisoners as petty officers in
charge; allowed the reduction of the inmates
sentences by one third (1/3) for good behavior; offered
trade training to prepare the convicts for return to
society.
2. Domets(Demetz) of France Established an
agricultural colony for delinquent boys in 1839,
providing house fathers as in charge of these boys. He
concentrated on re-education; upon their discharge,
the boys were placed under the supervision of a
patron.

3. Alexander Maconochie As
Superintendent of the Penal Colony at
Norfolk Island in Australia in 1848, he
introduced a progressive humane system
to substitute for corporal punishment
known as the Mark System wherein a
prisoner was required to earn a number of
marks based upon proper department,
labor, and study in order to entitle him to a
ticket of leave or conditional release which
is similar to parole.
Alexander Maconochie. He is considered
as one of the father of modern penology.

4. Sir Walter Crofton He was the Director of the Irish


Prisons in 1854, who introduced the Irish system which was
later called the progressive stage system. The Irish system
was actually a modification of Maconochies system, and
consisted of four stages:
(1) Solitary confinement or prisoners for nine months,
receiving reduced diet and monotonous work, gradually
progressing to a better treatment toward the end of the first
stage,
(2) Assignment to public works in association with other
convicts,
(3) Sending to a place which was a sort of preparation for
release where the prisoner worked without custodial
supervision, exposing him to ordinary temptations of
freedom, and finally
(4) Release of the prisoner on supervision under conditions
equivalent to parole.

5. Zebulon R. Brockway (1827-1920). He

was the director of the Elmira Reformatory


in New York, 1876. He introduced a certain
innovational programs like the following,
training school type, compulsory education
of prisoners, caseworks method, extensive
use of parole, indeterminate sentence.
Regarded as the father of prison reform in
the United States.
Believed that the primary reason to have
a prisoner in custody was to rehabilitate
and not simply to punish. Warden at the
Elmira reformatory from 1876 to 1900.

6. Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise He


was the director of English
Prisons who opened the Borstal
Institution after visiting Elmira
Reformatory in 1897. Such
Borstal Institutions today are
considered as the best reform
institutions for young offenders.
This system was based entirely
on the individualized treatment.

Other Personalities
PETER RENTZEL established a
workhouse in Hamburg at his own
expense(1669) because he had observed
that thieves and prostitutes were made
worse instead of better by pillory and he
hoped that they might improve by work and
religious instruction in a work house.
DOMETS of FRANCE established an
agricultural colony for delinquent boys
THOMAS ALVA EDISON discovered the
electric chair

Other Personalities
Karl Menninger: He differentiate punishment is a pain
inflicted over the years for the sake of inflicting pain
while penalty is a predetermined drive leveled
automatically for a crime committed.
Aristotle: First attempted to explain crimes in his book
Nicomedian Ethics. He discussed corrective justice
thus punishment is a means of restoring the balance
between pleasure and pain.
Elizabeth Fry- An English reformer sometimes
referred to as the"angel of prisons" because of her
driving force behind new legislationto treat prisoners
humanely.

Elmira Reformatory Movement


Elmira and the American Reformatory System The Elmira
Reformatory, New York, a person constructed like typical
Auburn Prison, was opened in 1876, with Zebulon R.
Brockway as the first superintendent. The reformatories
housed youthful offenders between ages sixteen (16) and
thirty (30) and were first offenders. Under this program:
1. A new prisoner was classified as second grade,
2. Promoted to first grade after six months of good
behavior,
3. Another six months of good behavior in the first grade
qualified him for parole. However, if the prisoner
committed misconduct, he was demoted to third grade
where he was required to show good behavior for one
month before he could be reclassified to second grade.

Elmira Reformatory
The is considered as the forerunner
of modern penology because it had
all the elements of a modern
correctional system, among which
were a training school type, that is,
compulsory education, casework
method, and extensive use of parole
based on the indeterminate
sentence.

OTHERS:
Devil's island- French penal colony from
1852 to 1959 where
political prisoners are exiled.
Robben island- A prison complex
located at the coast ofCape townsouth
Africa which serve as a refugee camp for
peopleafflicted with leper before
converted into a prison.

OTHERS:
Magna Carta- England's historic
document which states that noman
could be imprisoned without trial.
Port Arthur- located in Tasmania,
Australia, is a penal colonywhich is
the destination for the hardest
English prisoner during themiddle of
the 19th century.

OTHERS:
Banishment- to force offenders to
leave a country, home, or placeby
official decree.
Piracy act of 1717- was an act of
the parliament of Great Britainthat
established a 7 years penal
transportation to North Americaas a
possible punishment for those
convicted of lesser felonies.

OTHERS:
Auburn System- A penal method of the 19th century
in whichpersons worked during the day and were kept
in solitaryconfinement at night and silence enforced at
all times.
Elmira correctional facility- The first reformatory
prison.
Notable elements of Auburn system
a. stripped uniform
b. lockstep
c. silence
Auburn correctional facility- the site of the first
execution byelectric chair in 1890.

OTHERS:
Pennsylvania system- penal method
based on the principle thatsolitary
confinement fosters penitence and
courage'sreformation. Superseded by
the Auburn system.
Separate system- is a form ofprison
managementbased on theprinciple of
keeping prisoners in solitary
confinement.

National Correction Conscious Week


Every last week of October.
By virtue of Proclamation Number
551.
March 15,1995
President FVR

Present Correctional System


Department of Justice
BUCOR

National Prisons
DOJ & Penal Farms

Dept. of the Interior & Local Govt.


DILG
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

Provincial and sub-provincial

jails
BJMP
District, city
and municipal
DSWD
jails

Dept. of Social Welfare & Dev

Centers for youth offenders

The three executive departments of


the government .(Implementation)
1.DOJ - manages the national prisoners
2. DILG - manages inmates who are
undergoing investigation, awaiting or
undergoing trial, awaiting final
judgment and those who are
convicted by imprisonment of up to
three (3) years
3. DSWD - manages sentenced youth
offenders.

DOJ
A. Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR) - with a principal
task of the rehabilitation of prisoners so they can
become useful members of society upon
completion of their service of sentence.
B. Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP) - recommends
to the President the prisoners who are qualified for
parole, pardon or other forms of executive
clemency in the form of reprieve, commutation of
sentence, conditional pardon and absolute pardon.
C. Parole and Probations Administration (PPA)
-conducts post-sentence investigation of
petitioners for probation as referred by the courts,
as well as pre-parole/pre-executive clemency
investigation to determine the suitability of the
offender to be reintegrated in the community
instead of serving their sentence inside an
institution or prison; exercises general supervision
over all parolees and probationers and promotes
the correction and rehabilitation of offenders

DILG
A. Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology (BJMP) has jurisdiction over
all municipal, city and district jails
nationwide.
B. Provincial Local Government Unit
operates all provincial jails.
C. Philippine National Police (PNP)
likewise maintains detention facilities
in its different police stations
nationwide.

DSWD
Operates Regional Rehabilitation
Centers and assumes responsibility
for the restorative part of the
correction system by maintaining
centers for the care and restoration
of youth and women who are in
conflict with the law.

BJMP Profile

BUREAU OF JAIL
MANAGEMENT & PENOLOGY

Legal Mandate

The Bureau of Jail Management


and
Penology
came
into
existence pursuant to Section
60, RA 6975, which took effect
on 02 January 1991. This is an
upgraded
version
of
its
forerunner, the Office of Jail
Management and Penology of
the
defunct
PC/INP.
As
mandated by law, the BJMP shall

Oplan Greyhound
- unannounced inspection
and religious conduct of
searches
of
inmates
quarters
to
flush
out
contraband
and
other
deadly weapons and to
ensure the safety and
security
of CONTRABAND
inmates,
APPREHENDED
DRUG and
visitors
CONFISCATED
CYpersonnel.
COURIERS

Visitors
Inmates
TOTAL

2004
47
62
109

Shabu
Marijuana
Cellfones

CY
2004
309.23g & 96 sachets
2.1g & 43 sticks
62 units

Oplan Decongestion
- the
release
of
inmates/prisoners
through
the
implementation
of
1. A P P L I C A B L E L A W S
applicable laws.
Release on Recognizance (RA 6036)
Nr of Released
Probation/Parole (PD 968)
Child Welfare Code (PD 603)
Inmates As Of
Preventive Imprisonment (BP 85)
1st Qtr, CY 2004
GCTA (Art. 99, RPC)

16, 067

2. O T H E R M O D E S of R EL E A S E
Released on Bail
Transfer to BUCOR & Other Penal
Institutions

CUSTODIAL RATIO

ACTUAL

IDEAL

1:60

1:7
1 jailguard for every

1 jailguard for every


60 inmates per shift

USA

7 inmates per shift

2:1

2 jailguards guarding 1 inmate


in well-secured facility

INMATE-ESCORT RATIO

ACTUAL

IDEAL

4:1

1:1+1

4 inmates under the


control of 1 jailguard

1 inmate is guarded by
1 jailguard and 1
overall supervisor

Escort Personnel Requirement = 5,477


(10% of Jail Population)

2 + 1:1

Singapore
And Japan 2 jailguards plus 1 supervisor
escorting 1 inmate

Escort Procedure
For court appearance: 2:1
Two(2) guards by one inmate(1)
Distance of guards from inmates:
A guard shall keep a distance of not
less than ten (10) paces from his
charge.

Living Space:
The average living space for each
inmate is 1.82 square meters, In
dormitories inmates are grouped
according to their gang affiliation or
region. Unmarked inmates,
foreigners, youth offenders are
remand prisoners are housed
separately.

Institutional Programs
1. Inmate work program
2. Health care
3. education and skills training
4. Recreation and Sports
5. Religious guidance andbehavior
modificationusing the
therapeuticcommunity approach.

Correction
Prison reform- is the attempt to improve
conditions inside prisons and aiming a a more
effective penal system.
Rehabilitation- it came from latin word
"habilis" literally fit or suitable. Its meaning
was expanded to mean "restore to sound
operation" or "to establish the good
reputation".

Correction
Halfway house- also called recovery house or
sober house - is a place to allow people to
begin the process of reintegration with society
while still providing monitoring and support;
this is generally believed to reduce the risk of
recidivism or relapse when compared to a
release directly into society.
Solitary confinement- is a special form of
imprisonment in which a prisoner is isolated
from any human contact, though often with the
exception of members of prison staff.

Total Institution
The prison, is a place of residence and
work where a large number of likesituated individuals, cut off from wider
society for an appreciable period of time,
together lead an enclosed, formally
administered round of life. A total
institution is one that completely
encapsulates the lives of the people who
work and live there. A prison must be such
an institution in the sense that whatever
prisoners do or not do begins and ends
there; every minute behind bars must be
lived in accordance with the rules as

Distinction of Jail and Prison


JAIL

PRISON

1. A place of detention; a
place where a person
convicted or suspected of
a crime is detained.
2. BJMP
3. DILG
4. Holds people awaiting
trial and people
sentenced for a short
duration.

1. A place of long term


confinement for those
convicted of serious
crimes.
2. Bureau of Corrections
3. DOJ
4. Holds people convicted
of crimes; sentenced for a
longer term.

THE COST OF JAILS AND PRISONS TO


GOVERNMENT
Sept 11,2011

Under the General Appropriations Act


(GAA), the subsistence allowance or the
budget for food for each
detainee/prisoner is pegged to P50 per
day or P18,250 per year. The medicine
allowance per detainee/prisoner is P3.00
per day or P1,095 per year. The two
allowances together amount to P19,345
per detainee/prisoner, whether in the
BJMP, or in BuCor.

Transportation & Food


Allowance
Release:
A. NCR: Fifty pesos(P50.00)Transportation
Two Hundred(P200.00)-Food
B. Provinces: Free Ticket-Transportation
Two Hundred(P200.00)Food

What is Competent
authority?
shall refer to the Supreme Court,
Court of Appeals, Regional Trial
Court, Metropolitan Trial Court,
Municipal Trial Court, Municipal
Circuit Trial Court, Sandiganbayan,
Military Courts, House of
Representatives, Senate, commission
on Electrons, Bureau of Immigration
and the Board of Pardons and Parole;

What is Carpeta?
refers to the institutional record of an
inmate which consists of his
mittimus/commitment order, the
prosecutors information and the
decision of the trial court, including
that the appellate court, if any.

What is Prison record?


refers to information concerning an inmates
personal circumstances, the offense he
committed, the sentence imposed, the
criminal case numbers in the trial and
appellate courts, the date he commenced
service of his sentence, the date he was
received for confinement, the place of
confinement, the date of expiration of his
sentence, the number of previous
convictions, if any, and his behaviour or
conduct while in prison.

What is Reception and Diagnostic


Center?
Reception and Diagnostic Center in
every prison which shall receive;
study and classify inmates and
detainees committed to the Bureau.

Quarantine
Upon admission in the Reception and Diagnostic
Center, an inmate shall be placed in quarantine for
at least five (5) days during which he shall be
1. given a physical examination to determine any
physical illness or handicap or mental ailment and to
segregate those suspected of having an infectious or
contagious disease. If found sick, the inmate shall be
immediately confined in the prison hospital;
2. oriented with prison rules; and
3. interviewed by a counsellor, social worker or other
program staff officers. The interview shall be
conducted in private.

Assignment of inmate
After the quarantine period, the inmate shall
remain in the Reception and Diagnostic Center for
a period not exceeding fifty-five (55) days where
he shall undergo psychiatric, psychological,
sociological, vocational, educational and religious
and other examinations. The results of said
examinations shall be the basis for the inmates
individualized treatment program. Thereafter, he
shall be assigned to a prison facility as may be
recommended by a Chief of the Reception and
Diagnostic Center.

Admission Process
After registration the inmate shall be
photograph front and side view,
fingerprint and assigned a
permanent prison number, the male
inmate shall then be given a
regulation haircut and his beard
mustache if any, shall be shaven off.

Admission of Inmates
An inmate shall be admitted in the Reception
and Diagnostic Center of a prison upon
presentation of the following documents;
a. Mittimus/Commitment Order of the court;
b. Information and Court decision in the case;
c. Certification of detention, if any; and
d. Certification that the case of the inmate is
not on appeal.
Note: A female inmate shall be received only
at the CIW.

Form on mittimus/commitment
order
The mittimus/commitment order shall
be under the signature of the judge
and shall bear the seal of the court
attested by the clerk of court thereof.

Color of Uniform as to security


classification
The color of the uniform of an inmate
shall be based on his security
classification, as follows:
Maximum security tangerine
Medium security blue
Minimum security brown
Detainee gray,

Classification of inmates as to
entitlement to privileges
Inmates shall be classified as follows to determine their
entitlement to prison privileges;
1. Detainee;
2. Third Class inmate one who has either been previously
committed for three (3) or more times as a sentenced inmate,
except/those imprisoned for non-payment of a fine and those
who had been reduced from a higher class;
3. Second Class inmate a newly arrived inmate; an inmate
demoted from first class; or one promoted from the third class;
4. First Class inmate one whose known character and credit
for work while in detention earned assignment to this class
upon commencement of sentence; or one who has been
promoted from the second class;
5. Colonist.

Colonist
The Director may, upon the recommendation of
the Classification Board, classify an inmate who
has the following qualifications as a colonist:
a. Be at least a first class inmate and has served
one (1) year immediately preceding the
completion of the period specified in the
following qualifications;
b. Has served imprisonment with good conduct
for a period equivalent to one fifth (1/5) of the
maximum term of his prison sentence, or seven
(7) years in the case of a life sentence.

Privileges of a colonist,
A colonist shall have the following privileges:
1. Credit of an additional GCTA of five (5) days for each calendar month
while he retains said classification aside from the regular GCTA authorized
under Article 97 of the Revised Penal Code;
b. Automatic reduction of the life sentence imposed on the colonist to a
sentence of thirty (30) years;
c. Subject to the approval of the Director, to have his wife and children, or
the woman he desires to marry, life with him in the prison and penal
farm. Transportation expenses of the family going to and the discharge of
the colonist from the prison and penal farm shall be for the account of the
government. The family may avail of all prison facilities such as hospital,
church and school free of charge. All the members of the family of a
colonist shall be subject to the rules governing the prison and penal farm;
d. As a special reward to a deserving colonist, the issuance of a
reasonable amount of clothing and ordinarily household supplies form the
government commissary in addition to free subsistence; and
e. To wear civilian clothes on such special occasions as may be
designated by the Superintendent.

An inmates who are spouses


Husband and wife inmates may be
allowed to serve their sentence
together in a prison and penal farm
as soon as both are classified as
colonist.

Revocation of colonist
status
The grant of colonist status may, for
cause, be revoked at any time by the
Superintendent with the approval of
the Director.

Confinement and Accommodations of


Inmate
Place of confinement. An inmates shall only be
confined in a place declared by the President of
the Philippines by Executive Order to be a place
of confinement of national inmates or by
specific direction of the court, provided that a
male inmate shall be committed directly to and
shall be confined in a prison nearest his actual
place of residence. A prison may also be used
as a place of detention for other classes of
inmates or for the temporary safekeeping of
any person detained upon legal process.

Security compounds
A prison shall, whenever possible,
have separate prison compounds for
the segregation of inmates according
to their security classification. Each
compound shall be under s
Superintendent who is assisted by an
Assistant Superintendent

To view the deceased


relative
Duration of the privilege. The
inmate may be allowed more or less
three (3) hours to view the deceased
relative in the place where the
remains lay in the state but shall not
be allowed to pass any other place in
transit, or to join the funeral
cortege.

To view the deceased


relative
Distance of travel. the privilege may
be enjoyed only if the deceased
relative is in a place within a radius of
thirty (30) kilometers by road from
the prison. Where the distance is more
than thirty (30) kilometers, the
privilege may be extended if the
inmate can leave and return to his
place of confinement during the
daylight hours of the same day.

Prison Labor
Prison labor of finally convicted
inmate. A finally convicted ablebodied inmate may be required to
work at least eight (8) hours a day,
except on Sundays and legal holidays,
in and about the prison, public
buildings, grounds, roads, and other
public works of the national
government.

Prison Labor
Prison labor of detainee A detainee
may not be required to work in prison.
However, he may be made to police
his cell and perform such other labor
as may be deemed necessary for
hygienic or sanitary reasons.

Female inmate
A female inmates shall only be
assigned to work on jobs suitable to
her age and physical condition. She
shall be supervised only by women
officers.

Old inmate
Old inmate. an inmate over sixty (60)
years of age may be excused from
mandatory labor.

Place of work assignment


Place of work assignment Only
medium and minimum security
inmates may assigned to work in
agricultural field projects within a
prison reservation. Maximum security
inmates shall not be allowed to work
outside the maximum security
compound.

Work programs
Work programs shall be conducted in
prison to promote good work habits
and self-esteem among inmates and
not as a means to exploit cheap prison
labor or as a punishment for deviant
behavior.

Compensation Credits
Inmate compensation. Six (6) months
after being permanently assigned to
work in prison, an inmate may receive
compensation credits at rates to be
prescribed by the Director, provided:
a. He maintains good conduct; and
b. He shows interest and a definite
degree of progress in the particular
work assigned to him.

Compensation Credits
Compensation credits. Compensation credits shall be
allowed in the payment of those classified on
workmanship classification of skilled and semi-skilled
grades. The credits accruing to each shall be made
monthly in accordance with the approved
recommendation of the committee named for this
purpose. A copy of the committees recommendation,
duly approved by the Director or the Superintendent,
shall be furnished the Commission on Audit for his
information in connection with his duty of supervising
the proper accountability of the fund created, the
credits to which shall be part of the inmates Trust
Fund.

Compensation Credits
Compensation earned, how applied. the whole or
part of the compensation credits earned by an
inmate may be forfeited and applied to the
payment of supplies and equipment lost or
damaged resulting from the inmates misconduct or
willful negligence. One-half (1/2) of said earnings
may be utilized by the inmate to purchase some of
his needs. The remainder shall be withheld, to be
paid to him upon release only. In exceptional cases,
however, upon satisfactory showing of a necessity
for withdrawal, the Director or the Superintendent
may authorize the disbursement of any part of the
amount retained.

Time allowance for Good Conduct and Loyalty

Who may grant Good Conduct Time


Allowance (GCTA). The Director may
grant GCTA to an inmate who displays
good behaviour and who has no record
of breach of discipline or violation of
prison rules and regulations.

Time allowance for Good Conduct


and Loyalty
Effects of GCTA The good conduct or behaviour of an inmate shall
entitle him to the following dedications from the period of his
sentence:
a. During the first two (2) years of his imprisonment, he shall be
allowed a deduction of five (5) days for each month of good
behaviour;
b. During the third to the fifth years, inclusive, of his imprisonment,
he shall be allowed a deduction of eight (8) days for each month of
good behaviour;
c. During the following years until the tenth year, inclusive, of his
imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of ten. (10) days for
each month of good behaviour; and
d. During the eleventh and successive years of his imprisonment,
he shall be allowed a deduction of fifteen (15) days for each month
of good behaviour.

Time allowance for Good Conduct


and Loyalty
Special time allowance for loyalty. A
deduction of one-fifth (1/5) of the period of his
sentence shall be granted to an inmate who,
after evading the service of his sentence on the
occasion of a disorder resulting from a
conflagration, earthquake, explosion, or similar
catastrophe, or during a mutiny in which he has
not participated, gives himself up voluntarily to
the authorities within forty-eight (48) hours
following the issuance of a proclamation on
announcing the passing away of such calamity.

Inmate head count A head count of inmates


shall be conducted four (4) times a day or as
often as necessary to ensure that all inmates are
duly accounted for.
Control of prison keys. Only the following shall
be authorized to posses the keys of prison gates,
cells, dormitories and hospitals wants:
a. Gate officer;
b. Officer-of-the-Day or Shift Commander;
c. Keeper; and
d. Custodial or Medical Officer designated by the
Superintendent

Based on his assessment of the prevailing conditions, the


guard in command shall deploy the guards into the
following groups.
1st Group this is the initial wave of anti-riot assault
contingent who shall be armed with wicker shields,
protective headgear, gas masks and night sticks or
batons, when these are available. The objectives of this
group are to disperse the rioters and get their leaders.
2nd Group This is the back-up force of the 1 st Group who
shall be equipped with tear gas guns and gas grenades.
3rd Group This is composed of guards whoa re trained in
the proper handling and use of firearms. Under the
direct command of the guard-in-charge, they shall
provide covering fire to the first two groups.

Infant born to a CIW inmate. an infant born


while the mother is serving sentence in the CIW
may be allowed to stay with the mother for a
period not exceeding one (1) year. After the lapse
of said period, if the mother of the infant fails to
place the child in a home of her own, the
Superintendent shall make arrangements with the
Department of Social Welfare and Development or
any other social welfare agency for the infants
care. As far as practicable, the CIW shall have a
nursery staffed by qualified personnel.

Classification of Sentenced Prisoners

1. Insular Prisoner is a person who is sentenced to serve


a prison term of (over) three (3) years or to pay a fine or
more than one thousand pesos (1,000.00) or both fine and
imprisonment.
2. Provincial Prisoners- one who is sentenced to a prison
term of six months and one day to three years.
3. City Prisoner is a person who is sentenced to serve
imprisonment for not more than three (3) years or to pay a
fine of not more than one thousand pesos (P1, 000.00), or
both fine and imprisonment.
4. Municipal Prisoner is a person who is sentenced to
serve imprisonment for not more than six (6) months.

Classification Board
Chairman: Superintendent
Vice chairman: Chief RDC
Members: Medical Officer Chief
Education Section Chief
Agro Industrial Section Chief
Secretary: Chief Overseer

Classification of Prisoners according to Degree of Custody or Security

1. Super Maximum Security Prisoners- this is


a special group of prisoners composed of
incorrigibles, intractable, and dangerous persons
who are so difficult to manage that they are the
source of constant disturbance even in a
maximum-security institution
2. Maximum Security Prisoners- thus consists
of Chronic troublemakers but not as dangerous
as the super security prisoners

Classification of Prisoners according to


Degree of Custody or Security
3. Medium Security Prisoners- these are the
prisoners who may be allowed to work outside
the fence of the institution under guard escorts.
Generally, they are employed as agricultural.
4. Minimum Security prisoners- this group
belongs the prisoners who can already be trusted
to report to their places of work assignments
without the presence of guards. They are free to
move around subject only to curfew houses
during the night time.

Level of Security Facility


1. Super Maximum Security Facility-The Alcatraz
is the best example of a super maximum
security facility, however,the operation cost of
such facility is very expensive,hence Alcatraz
was abandoned nowadays, SMSF are situated
inside the maximum security facility which is
more economical.
2. Maximum Security Facility- Usually enclosed
by a thick wall about 18-25ft high, on top are
catwalk in every corner a tower post manned
by heavily armed guards.

Level of Security Facility


3. Medium Security Facility- Usually
enclosed by a two layer wire fences, the
inner fence is 12-14 feet high with top
guard, the outer fence is 8-12feet high
distance between the two fences is from
18-20ft.
4. Minimum Security Facility- the fencing if
there is such, is intended not for the
prisoners but from civilians to deter them
from entering the premise.

PHILIPPINE PRISON
SYSTEM
A. National Prison/Insular Prison
1. Bureau of Prisons/Corrections-Muntinlupa City Rizal
a. NBP- Maximum Security Prison
b. Camp Sampaguita- Medium Security Prison
c. Camp Bukang Liwayway- Minimum Security Prison
LT GEORGE M WOLFE
Director
1904 1910
First Bureau of Prison Director

BUCOR VS BJMP
BUCOR-Bureau of Prison

BJMP

Reorganization Act of 1905 created


under Dept. of commerce.
Nov. 1,1905
Administrative Code of 1987
and Proclamation No. 495
issued on November 22, 1989.
Change the agencies' name to
Bureau of Corrections from
Bureau of Prisons.

Created by pursuant to Sec. 20, RA


No. 6975
January 2, 1991

Under DOJ
LEILA M. DE LIMA
Secretary of Justice

Under DILG
Mar Roxas
Secretary of DILG

For securing sentence of having a


sentence of 3 years 1 day to life
imprisonment

For detention of having a short


sentence of 3 years and below.

Head Director of Bureau of


Corrections; appointed by the
President with the confirmation
of the Commission on
Appointments
Franklin Jesus B. BucayuActing Director
Coverage:
* New Bilibid Prisons (Main Bldg.) Maximum
* Camp Sampaguita - Medium
* Camp Bukang Liwayway - Minimum
* Reception and Diagnostic Center
(RDC)
* Correctional Institution for
Women (Mandaluyong)
* The Penal Colonies

Head Chief of the BJMP;


appointed by the Secretary of
DILG with the confirmation of the
Commission on Appointments.
CSupt DIONY D MAMARIL,
CESO
Officer-in-Charge
Coverage:
* cities, municipal and district jails

Throughout the country

BJMP Central Office-103 Vargas Building


Kalayaan Avenue, Quezon City.
Jail National Training Institute Bicutan Taguig
Assistant Regional Director Head of BJMP
Regional office.
Provincial Jail Administrator Head of BJMP
provincial offices.
District/City/Municipal Jail Warden Head of
district/City/Municipal Jail

Old Bilibid Prison


- Old Prison is located at Oroqieta, Manila, and
Constructed in 1847 by virtue of Royal
Decree of the Spanish Crown.
- Pursuant to Sec.1708 of the Revised
Administrative Code.
- Constructed in a radical Spokes of a wheel
form and made strong adobe stones:
Formally opened by a Royal Decree in 1865.
- Used today as Manila City Jail.
- Famous name of its name as May Haligue
Estate.

The New Bilibid Prison


- Commonwealth Act No. 67
- 1935
- November 15, 1940 -transfer
- January 22, 1941 name new bilibid prison
- 587 hectares
- shop became a trademark for fine
workmanship of furniture made by
prisoners.
- three security Compounds :
a. Maximum
b. Medium- also known as Camp Sampaguita
c. Minimum-also known as Camp Bukang
Liwayway

Penal Farm
1. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm
- Established on August 21, 1869 in San Ramon,
Zamboanga del Sur. For the confinement of political
offenders.
- Was named after its founder Ramon Blanco, a
Spanish captain in the Royal Army.
- It has an area capacity of 1,542.61 hectares.
- It houses maximum, medium and minimum custody
types of prisoners.
- Has an average population of 1,200 prisoners.
- The principal product is copra, which is one of the
biggest sources of income of the Bureau of Prison. It
also produce rice, corn, coffee, cattle and livestock.

The San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm


This penal farm was designed for agro-industrial
activities
This prison and penal farm formerly administered
separately from that of the Old Bilibid, was closed
in 1898 during the Spanish-American War.
San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm which was
closed as a result of the war was re-opened by
virtue of the approval of the Reorganization Act
No. 1407 of November 1, 1905 which created the
Bureau of Prisons.
The Bilibid Prison and the San Ramon prison and
Penal Farm became the nucleus of the present
Philippine Prison System.
General John J. Pershing was the Governor of
Mindanao and Sulu, in 1912, he renovated the
penal farm.
San Ramon not only serves as confinement center
for prisoners from Mindanao, but also a receiving
station for the Bureau of Mindanao.

Penal Farm
2. The Iwahig Penal Colony
- Establish in Sta. Lucia, Palawan on November 16,
1904.
-Foreman R.J. Shields, with sixteen prisoners leftthe
Bilibid Prison by order of Governor Forbes, who was
the Secretary ofCommerce and Police, to establish
the Colony in Palawan.
-Today, they enjoy the reputation of being one of the
best open institutions in the world.
- Only mutual trust and confidence between the wards
and the prison authorities keep them together,
without walls of stones and guns.
- It has an area of 36,000 hectares and an average
population of4,000 prisoners.

The Iwahig Penal Colony


-

Americans(1904)
Iuhit penal settlement
Reorganization Act No. 1407
November 1, 1905
minimum custody
41,007 hectares by virtue of
Executive Order No. 67 issued by
Governor Newton Gilbert on October
15, 1912.

The colony is divided into four sub-colonies, namely;


Central Sub-colony, Sta. Lucia Sub-colony, Inagawan
Sub-colony and Montible Sub-colony. Each sub-colony
operates as a small institution under the charge of a
Penal Supervisor.
The colony administers the Tagumpay Settlement.
The settlement is a 1,000 hectares portion of the
colony which was sub-divided into 6 hectares
homestead lots are distributed to released inmates
who desire to live in the settlement.
One of the important feature of the IwahigPenal
Colony is the privilege granted to colonist (inmates) to
theirfamilies transported to the colony at government
expense and livewith them in the colonist village.
The principal products of the colony are rice, corn,
copra, logs, forest products and cattle.

Penal Colony
3. The Correctional Institution for Women
- Act. 3579 previously passed on Nov. 27, 1929
- In February 14, 1931, the Correctional Institution for
women was established on an 18-hectare piece of
land in Mandaluyong to segregate the women form
men prisoners.
- 1934, date of creation for the position for a female
superintendent
- Correctional Institution for Women enjoys the
privilege of being a separate institution under the
Bureau of Prisons with separate budgetary outlay
and necessary personnel.
- Conduct vocational courses in dressmaking, beauty
culture, handicrafts, cloth weaving and slipper
making.
- Ramon Victoria, first Director of CIW
- Elizabeth Fry-first woman to advocate the rights of
the women inmates.

Penal Colony
4. Davao Penal Colony
- Banana is the major product
- established on January 21, 1932 in
accordance with Act. No. 3732 and
Proclamation No. 414, series of 1931.
- General Paulino Santos, its founder then
Director of Prisons.
- The original purpose of this colony was to
ease congestion in the Bilibid Prison and to
stop the Japanese expansion in Davao.
- The area consists of 18,000 hectares mostly
devoted to abaca industry.

- In 1942 this colony was used as concentration


for American War prisoners and the Japanese
devastated the colony, destroying its
buildings, arms, machineries and industries.
- In August 1946, it was reestablished to its
former productive activity by slow
reconstruction.
- It is now the main source of income of the
Bureau from its vast abaca, rice and other
industries.
- The colony has the potential of producing rice
which will meet the whole bureau in rice.

The colony is divided into three sub- colonies


namely ,the Panabo sub- colony, the Kapalong
sub- colony, and the Nafco sub colony. Each sub
colony is headed by the Penal Supervisor .
The institution also raises rice, corn, kernel, copra
and cattle.
The colony has the potential of producing rice
which will meet the whole bureau in rice.
The Davao Penal Colony also operates the
Tagumpay Settlement where released prisoners
of the colony are relocated as homesteaders

Penal Colony
5.Sablayan Penal Colony
- President issued a Proclamation No.
72,declaring that some hectares of the virgin
Island in Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro is for
the Sablayan Penal Colony.
- September 27, 1954
- Director Alfredo M Bunye persuaded the
Secretary of Justice to make the President
agree to the establishment of a new colony.
(Sablayan)
- enjoys the reputation of being the youngest
and fastest growing colony under this Bureau
- Rice is the principal product of this colony
- 16,403.5 hectares

- This institution is an open


orminimum security type of
institution.
- It also raises vegetables, not only
forthe use of the colony, but also for
the inmates of the New
Bilibid Prison
Sub-colonies
Central sub-colony 3. Pasugui subcolony
1. Pusog sub-colony 4. Yapang sub-

Penal Farm
6. Leyte Prison and Penal Farm
- Established on January 16, 1973 during the
martial law period with the aim of
regionalizing prisons throughoutthe country.
- Proclamation No. 1101 issued on January 16,
1973.
- It was located inAbuyog, Leyte.
- This institution is very similar to the other
prison and penal farm.
Note:
The oldest Prison in the Philippines is the
FortSantiago in Manila.
The NBP Reservation houses the BuCor
headquarters

The Reception and Diagnostic Center (RDC)

This is the office where newly


arrived prisoners is processed and
evaluated.
Before a prisoners is admitted to
the operating institution, he must
stay at the RDC for 60 days where
he will undergo staff interviews,
examination, documentation and
initial classification, this is known
as diagnostic examination.

FOUR SEPARATE BUT COORDINATED PROCEDURES OF


CLASSIFICATION
DIAGNOSIS
1. DIAGNOSIS the prisoners case history is taken and
his personality studied. Through examination and
observations, the RDCs staff determines the nature
and extent of the persons criminality and the extent
to which he may be rehabilitated.
2. TREATMENT PLANNING this is the formulation of a
tentative treatment program best suited to the needs
and interest of an individual prisoner, based on the
findings of the RDCs staff.
3. EXECUTION OF TREATMENT PROGRAM - this is in the
application of the treatment program and policies by
the classification committee.
4. RE-CLASSIFICATION the treatment program is kept
current with the inmates changing needs and with
new analysis, based on any information not available
at the time of the initial classification committee
meeting of the inmates case, which continues from
the time of the first classification until the inmates is
released.

ADMISSION PROCEDURE IN PRISON


1. RECEIVING The new prisoner is received either in the
center (RDC) or in prison, but later on transferred to
the center.
2. CHECKING COMMITMENT PAPERS The receiving
checks the commitment papers if they are in order,
that is, if it contains the signature of the judge of the
signature of the clerk of court and seal of the court.
3. ESTABLISHING IDENTITY OF THE PRISONER The
prisoners identity is established through the picture
and the fingerprint of the prisoner appearing on the
commitment order.
4. SEARCHING THE PRISONER This step involves the
frisking of the prisoner and searching of his personal
things.
5. ASSIGNMENT OF QUARTERS The new prisoner is then
sent to the quarantines until where he spends five
days.(5days)

The Institutionalized Treatment Programs


1. Prison Education the cornerstone of rehabilitation. It
is the process or result of formal training in school or
classrooms intended to shape the mind and attitude of
prisoners towards good living upon their release.
2. Classes of Prison Education:
a. General and Academic Education the objective of
which is to eradicate illiteracy among prisoners. This
could be the best contribution of correctional system
can offer to society.
b. Vocational Education the purpose of which is to
provide prisoners necessary skills for successful works
in a socially acceptable occupation after their release.
c. Physical Education designed for those who have
physical disabilities.
d. Work Programs these are programs conducive to
change behavior in morale by training prisoners for a
useful occupation. It is purposely to eliminate idleness
on the part of prisoners, which may contribute to
Prison stupor, and it affects the incidence of prison
riot.

Classification of Prison Work Programs


1. Educational Assignments prisoners maybe assigned to
either general education, vocational or physical education.
2. Maintenance Assignments the assignment involves labor
related to care and up keeping of the institution properties.
3. Agricultural and Industrial Assignments
4. Unassignable prisoners who are nearly to leave the
institution, awaiting transfer, those in disciplinary status,
and those who are chronically ill with mental disabilities are
considered unassignable prisoners. Prisoners over 60 years
of age may be excused from hard work.

Classification of Prison Work Programs


5. Religious Services in Prison the purpose of this program is
to change the attitudes of inmates by inculcating religious
values or belief.
6. Recreational Program the only program that is conducted
during free time schedule. Activities may include
athletics/sports, musical and arts, social games, special
activities on special events, etc.
7. Medical and Health Services includes mental and physical
examination, diagnosis and treatment, immunization,
sanitary inspections, participation in training.

Issuance of Uniforms
The newly admitted inmate shall be issued two
regulation uniforms/suits and two t-shirts.
1. 1 blanket
2. 1 mat
3. 1 pillow with pillow case
4. 1 mosquito net
5. 1 set, mess kit, and
6. 1 pair slippers
The inmate shall be held responsible and
accountable for the items issued to him.

Separation and placement


center
An inmate shall,30days before his
schedule date of release, be
transferred to the separation and
placement center to prepare him for
reentry into free society, provided he
is not under punishment or an
escape risk, and is cleared of his
government property accountability.
-Time release education.

Pre-release seminar
All inmates eligible for release shall
undergo a 1 day seminar in
preparation for his life outside prison.

REPUBLIC ACT NO.10575


AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
(BUCOR) AND PROVIDING FUNDS
THEREFOR:
This Act shall be known as The
Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013
Approved: MAY 24 2013

POLICY
It is the policy of the State to promote the general welfare
and safeguard the basic rights of every prisoner
incarcerated in our national penitentiary. It also recognizes
the responsibility of the State to strengthen government
capability aimed towards the institutionalization of highly
efficient and competent correctional services.
Towards this end, the State shall provide for the
modernization, professionalization and restructuring of the
Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) by upgrading its facilities,
increasing the number of its personnel, upgrading the level
of qualifications of their personnel and standardizing their
base pay, retirement and other benefits, making it at par
with that of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
(BJMP).

The Mandates of the Bureau of Corrections


The BuCor shall be in charge of safekeeping and
instituting reformation programs to national
inmates sentenced to more than three (3) years.
(a) Safekeeping of National Inmates The
safekeeping of inmates shall include decent
provision of quarters, food, water and clothing in
compliance with established United Nations
standards. The security of the inmates shall be
undertaken by the Custodial Force consisting of
Corrections Officers with a ranking system and
salary grades similar to its counterpart in the BJMP.

(b) Reformation of National Inmates The


reformation programs, which will be
instituted by the BuCor for the inmates,
shall be the following:
(1) Moral and Spiritual Program;
(2) Education and Training Program;
(3) Work and Livelihood Program;
(4) Sports and Recreation Program;
(5) Health and Welfare Program; and
(6) Behavior Modification Program, to
include Therapeutic Community.

(c) The reformation programs shall be undertaken by


Professional Reformation Personnel consisting of Corrections
Technical Officers with ranking system and salary grades
similar to Corrections Officers.
(1)Corrections Technical Officers are personnel employed in
the implementation of reformation programs and those
personnel whose nature of work requires proximate or
direct contact with inmates.
(2) Corrections Technical Officers include priests, evangelists,
pastors, teachers, instructors, professors, vocational
placement officers, librarians, guidance counselors,
physicians, nurses, medical technologists, pharmacists,
dentists, therapists, psychologists, psychiatrists, sociologists,
social workers, engineers, electricians, agriculturists,
veterinarians, lawyers and similar professional skills relevant
to the implementation of inmate reformation programs.

Operations of the Bureau of


Corrections
(a) The BuCor shall operate with a directorial
structure. It shall undertake reception of inmates
through its Directorate for Reception and
Diagnostics (DRD), formerly Reception and
Diagnostic Center (RDC), provide basic needs and
security through its Security and Operations
Directorates, administer reformation programs
through its Reformation Directorates, and prepare
inmates for reintegration to mainstream society
through its Directorate for External Relations
(DER), formerly External Relations Division (ERD).

(b) The DRD shall be responsible for the


conduct of classification of each and
every inmate admitted to the BuCor.
Inmates shall be classified according to
security risk and sentence. Included in the
classification is determining inmates
certain skills or talents, physical, spiritual,
social, mental and psychological
evaluation and other behavioral
assessments, as reference of the DRD in
the preparation of individual inmate
reformation programs.

(c) Aside from those borne of the provisions under


Rule 8, Part I, Rules of General Application of the
United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the
Treatment of Prisoners and that of the existing
regulation of the BuCor on security classification
(i.e. maximum, medium and minimum security
risk), inmates shall also be internally classified by
the DRD and segregated according to crimes
committed based on the related penal codes such
as Crimes Against Persons, Crimes Against
Properties, Crimes Against Chastity, so on and so
forth, as well as by other related Special Laws,
Custom and Immigration Laws.

(d) From the DRD, the Custodial Force and Reformation


Personnel of respective security institutions/camps shall
be in charge for the security and the implementation of
the recommended inmate reformation program of each
and every inmate while serving sentence, respectively.
(e) The Directorate for External Relations (DER)
shall be responsible for pre-release and post-release
programs of inmates due for release. The DER shall also
classify inmates according to skills acquired for referral
and endorsement to appropriate companies or
corporations participating in the BuCor On-The-Job
Training Programs for newly reformed inmates. The DER
shall also evaluate, classify and apply necessary
programs to inmates for readiness to join the
mainstream society upon release.

(f) Apart from handling inmates, the BuCor


shall administratively operate like a
standard government agency through its
Administrative Directorates with internal
control and internal audit units.
(g) The BuCor shall employ full
computerization in the build-up,
maintenance and transmittal of necessary
inmate records to all its Prison and Penal
Farms and other recipient agencies (i.e.
Board of Pardons and Parole).

Facilities of the Bureau of


Corrections
The BuCor shall operate with standard and
uniform design of prison facilities, reformation
facilities and administrative facilities, through
all the operating prison and penal farms, such
as the following:
(a) Dormitory;
(b) Administration building;
(c) Perimeter/Security fences;
(d) Hospital/Infirmary;
(e) Recreation/Multipurpose hall;

(f) Training/Lecture center;


(g) Workshop facility;
(h) Mess hall/kitchen;
(i) Visiting area;
(j) Water tank and pump;
(k) Reception and diagnostic center;
and
(l) Service personnel facilities.

Supervision of the Bureau of


Corrections
The Department of Justice (DOJ), having the
BuCor as a line bureau and a constituent unit,
shall maintain a relationship of administrative
supervision with the latter as defined under
Section 38(2),Chapter 7, Book IV of Executive
Order No. 292(Administrative Code of 1987),
except that the DOJ shall retain authority over
the power to review, reverse, revise or modify
the decisions of the BuCor in the exercise of
its regulatory or quasi-judicial functions.

Organization and Key Positions of


the Bureau of Corrections.
(a) The BuCor shall be headed by a Director who shall
be assisted by three (3) Deputy Directors: one (1) for
administration, one (1) for security and operations
and one (1) for reformation, all of whom shall be
appointed by the President upon the recommendation
of the Secretary of the DOJ:Provided,That the
Director and the Deputy Directors of the BuCor shall
serve a tour of duty not to exceed six (6) years from
the date of appointment:Provided, further,That in
times of war or other national emergency declared by
Congress, the President may extend such tour of duty.

(b) The Head of the BuCor, with the rank of


Undersecretary, shall have the position and title of
Director General of Corrections. The second officers
in command of the BuCor, with the rank of Assistant
Secretary, shall have the position and title of
Deputy Directors of Corrections. The third officer in
command of the BuCor, with the rank of Chief
Superintendent, shall have the position and title of
Corrections Chief Superintendent. The fourth officer
in command of the BuCor, with the rank of Senior
Superintendent, shall have the position and title of
Corrections Senior Superintendent. The fifth officer
in command of the BuCor, with the rank of
Superintendent, shall have the position and title of
Corrections Superintendent.

(c) The Department of Budget and


Management (DBM) shall rationalize
the existing organizational structure
and staffing pattern of the BuCor in
accordance with the provisions of this
Act and relevant compensation and
position classification laws, rules and
regulations.

Increase of Personnel
The BuCor shall maintain the custodial
personnel-to-inmate ratio of 1:7 and
reformation personnel-to-inmate ratio
of 1:24. Hence, it is authorized to
increase its manpower to meet such
ratio and may continue to increase
personnel per percentage rate
increase of committed inmates
annually or as the need arises.

Lateral Entry of Officer into the


BuCor
In general, all original appointments of officers in the
BuCor shall commence with the rank of Corrections
Inspector wherein applicants for lateral entry into the
BuCor shall include all those with highly specialized and
technical qualifications such as, but not limited to, civil
engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers,
chemical engineers, chemists, architects, criminologists,
certified public accountants, nurses, physical therapists,
dentists, social workers, psychologists, sociologists,
guidance counselors and teachers. Doctors of Medicine,
members of the Philippine Bar and chaplains shall be
appointed to the rank of Corrections Senior Inspector in
their particular technical service.

(2) Colony Assistant Superintendent


Should have the rank of Chief Inspector, who
must have finished at least second year
Bachelor of Laws or earned at least twenty-four
(24) units in a masters degree program in
management, public administration, public
safety, criminology, penology, sociology,
national security administration, defense
studies or other related disciplines from a
recognized institution of learning, and must
have satisfactorily passed the necessary
training or career courses for such position as
may be established by the BuCor;

(4) Regional Superintendent Should have the rank of Senior


Superintendent or Chief Superintendent, who must be a graduate of
Bachelor of Laws or a holder of a masters degree in management,
public administration, public safety, criminology, penology,
sociology, national security administration, defense studies or other
related disciplines from a recognized institution of learning, and
must have satisfactorily passed the necessary training or career
courses for such position as may be established by the
BuCor:Provided,That in prison and penal farms with an inmate
population of three thousand (3,000) but below five thousand
(5,000), the Regional Superintendent shall have the rank and
qualification of a Colony Senior Superintendent:Provided,
further,That in prison and penal farms with an inmate population of
over five thousand (5,000), the Regional Superintendent shall have
the rank and qualification of a Chief Superintendent.
Any personnel of the BuCor who is currently occupying such
position but lacks any of the qualifications mentioned therein shall
be given five (5) years to comply with the requirements;
otherwise, the personnel shall be relieved from the position.

Attrition System for the Personnel of


the BuCor
There shall be established a system of attrition for the
personnel of the BuCor within five (5) years from the
effectivity of this Act, to be submitted by the said bureau
to the DOJ for approval. Such attrition system shall
include, but is not limited to, the provision of the
following principles:
(a) Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank Any
personnel of the BuCor who is relieved and assigned to a
position lower than what is established for the grade in
the respective staffing pattern, and who shall not be
assigned to a position commensurate to ones grade
within two (2) years after such demotion in position shall
be separated or retired from the service;

(b) Attrition by Non-Promotion Any


personnel of the BuCor who has not
been promoted for a continuous period
often (10) years shall be separated or
retired from the service, except for
those who are occupying a third level
position;

(c) Attrition by Other Means Any personnel of the


BuCor with at least five (5) years of accumulated
active service shall be separated from the service
based on any of the following factors:
(1) Inefficiency based on poor performance during
the last two (2) successive semestral rating periods;
(2) Inefficiency based on poor performance for three
(3) cumulative semestral rating periods;
(3) Physical and/or mental incapacity to perform
ones duties and functions; or
(4) Failure to complete the required career courses
and/or appropriate civil service eligibility for his/her
position except for justifiable cause or reason.

(d) Separation or Retirement from the


BuCor under this Section Any
personnel who is dismissed from the
BuCor pursuant to the aboveenumerated principles in this section
shall be separated if one has rendered
less than twenty (20) years of service,
and be retired if one has rendered at
least twenty (20) years of service unless
the concerned personnel is disqualified
by law to receive such benefits.

(b) Requirements for Promotion


(1) Any personnel of the BuCor shall not be eligible for
promotion to a higher rank unless one has met the
minimum qualification standards or the appropriate
civil service eligibility set by the CSC, and has
satisfactorily passed the required
psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical test; and
(2) Any personnel of the BuCor who has exhibited acts
of conspicuous courage and gallantry at the risk of
ones life above and beyond the call of duty, or
selected as such in a nationwide search conducted by
any accredited civic organization, shall be promoted
to the next higher rank:Provided,That these shall be
validated by the DOJ and the CSC based on
established criteria.

Standardization of the Base Pay and Other Benefits of the Uniformed Personnel of the BuCor. In
order to enhance the general welfare, commitment to service and professionalism, the following
are considered uniformed personnel of the BuCor:

CUSTODIAL RANK

REFORMATION RANK

Corrections Chief Superintendent


Corrections Senior Superintendent

Corrections Technical Senior Superintendent

Corrections Superintendent

Corrections Technical Superintendent

Corrections Chief Inspector

Corrections Technical Chief Inspector

Corrections Senior Inspector

Corrections Technical Senior Inspector

Corrections Inspector

Corrections Technical Inspector

Corrections Senior Officer IV

Corrections Technical Senior Officer IV

Corrections Senior Officer III

Corrections Technical Senior Officer III

Corrections Senior Officer II

Corrections Technical Senior Officer II

Corrections Senior Officer I

Corrections Technical Senior Officer I

Corrections Officer III

Corrections Technical Officer III

Corrections Officer II

Corrections Technical Officer II

Corrections Officer I

Corrections Technical Officer I

Previous Board Exam


1. The Iwahig Penal Colony is located at:
a. Palawan c. Davao
b. Zamboanga d. None of the above
2.The New Bilibid Prison was established by
virtue of the Revised Administrative Code,
specifically section:
a. 1807 c. 1709
b. 1708 d. 1878

Previous Board Exam


3. The prisoners who cannot be trusted in open condition and maybe
allowed to work outside the fence or walls of the penal institution but
under guards or escorts are known as:
a. Medium Security Prisoners
c. Maximum Security
Prisoners
b. Minimum Security Prisoners
d. Super Maximum Security
Prisoners
4. The special group of prisoners composed of incorrigibles and highly
dangerous persons are also known as:
a. Maximum Security Prisoners
c. Medium Security Prisoners
b. Super maximum security prisoners
b. None of the above
5. Maximum security prisoners are confined in the:
a. NBP Main Building
c. Camp Bukang Liwayway
b. Camp Sampaguita
d. None of the above

Previous Board Exam


6. The procedure in admitting prisoners which purpose is to insure that
the person being committed is the same as the person being named in
the commitment order.
a. Receiving c. checking of commitment papers
b. Searching d. Identification
7. Use of telephone of inmate in prison after showing a good behavior is
earned after 90 days. In such case an inmate is entitled to:
a. 5 minutes c. 3 minutes
b. not exceeding 5 minutes d. not exceeding 3 minutes

8. The only program that is conducted during the free time schedule is
called:
a. Religious services
c. Recreational programs
b. Prison Education d. All of the above

Previous Board Exam


9. An inmate can view the remains of his relative
at a distance of ___ from the place of confinement.
a. not less than 30 Kilometers c. 50 Kilometers
b. not more than 30 Kilometers d. 40 Kilometers

10. If an inmate is given the privileged to view the


remains of his relative for:
a. 4 hours
c. 3 hours
b. not more than 3 hours
d. less than 3
hours

Previous Board Exam


11. They are compose the initial wave of anti-riot assault contingent
whose main objectives shall be to disperse the rioters and get their
leaders and shall be alarmed with wicker shields, protective headgears,
gas masks and night sticks or batons, when these are available.
a. 1st Group
c. 3rd Group
b.2nd Group
d. 4th Group

12. . They serve as backup force to support the first group and for this
purpose shall be equipped with tear gas, guns and grenades.
a. 1st Group
c. 3rd Group
b.2nd Group
d. 4th Group

13. They are composed of guards trained on proper handling and use
of firearms who shall be ready to fire when the lives of the guards are
in peril on orders of the Officer-in-Command.
a. 1st Group
c. 3rd Group
b.2nd Group
d. 4th Group

Previous Board Exam


14. Which of the following is a place for the confinement of
minimum security prisoner?
A. Camp Sampaguita
C. Quarantine Unit
B. RDC D. AFP Stockade

15. The required ratio in the routinary custody of inmate in Jail is:
A. 1:5 C. 1:7
B. 1:6 D. 1:8

16. A procedure that is conducted in jail and in prison where an


inmate upon arrival at the place of confinement will be stripped out
for search of contrabands.
A. Operation thunderbolt. C. Operation Bakal.
B. Operation Greyhound. D. Operation Shakedown.

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